management是什么意思人教新目标八年级英语下册全册短语、语法知识点汇总

2021年1月19日发(作者：离乱)
人教新目标八年级英语下册
Unit 1 What's the matter
？

一、必背短语

Section A
部分

1.
患感冒

3.
喉咙痛

5.
躺下休息

7.
说得太多

9.
下车

11.
看见某人正在做
..
15.
同意做某事

17.
多亏，由于

have a cold
have a sore throat
lie down and rest
talk too much
get off
see sb. doing
agree to do sth.
thanks to
2.
胃痛

4.
背痛

6.
量体温

8.
休息

10.
拍
X
光片

12.
反复考虑

14.
使
…
惊讶的

16.
及时

have a stomachache
have a sore back
take one’s temperature

take breaks/a break
get an X-ray
think twice
to one’s surprise

in time
13.
期待某人去做某事

expect sb. to do
18.
陷入困境；
惹麻烦

get into trouble
Section B
部分

1.
休息几天

3.
告诉某人做某事

6.
对
…
感兴趣

8.
过去常常做某事

12.
处于困境

14.
准备
/
乐于做某事

16.
如此
…
以至于
…

18.
离开；从
..
出来

20.
掌控，管理

22.
放弃

24.
继续做某事


rest for a few days
tell sb. to do

be interested in
used to do sth
2.
把
…
放下；低下

put…down

4.
告诉某人不要去做

tell sb. not to do
7.
习惯于做某事

9.
冒险

11.
处于险境

15.
切除

17.
以便于；为了

19.
做决定

21….
的重要性

23.
用绷带包扎

25.
似乎
/
好像做某事

【教材内容解析】

Section A
be used to doing sth
take risks/a risk
in a dangerous situation
run out (of)
cut off
so that/in order that
make decisions/a decision
the importance of…

put a bandage on…

seem to do
5.
做某事有问题
/
麻烦
/
困难

have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth
10.
由于
/
因为
+n./pron.
because of
be ready to do
so…that…

get out of
be in control of
give up
keep on doing
in a difficult situation
13.
用尽，耗光

1.

What’s the matter
? (P. 1)
What’s the matter
意为
“
怎么了？出什么事了？
”
，
常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什
么不顺心的事，后接
with
sb./sth.
表示
“
某人
/
某物怎么了
”
。可以表示
“
你怎么了？
”
的句
子有：


(1). _____________________________________________

(2). _____________________________________________

(3).__________________________________________ ___

(4). _____________________________________________

(5). _____________________________________________

(6). _____________________________________________
2.

I have a
stomachache
. (P. 1)
stomachache
用作名词，表示
“
胃疼、腹疼
”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀
ache
的常见复
合词还有：




头痛

______________
；牙痛
_________________
；耳痛

________________
3.

have a sore throat (P. 1)


sore
是形容词，意为
“
疼痛的，酸痛的
”
可作定语或表 语。常见短语：



喉咙痛：
_______________________


后背痛：
_______________________

4.

lie
down and
rest
. (P. 2)
(1). lie down
意为
“
躺下
”
。

【拓展
1
】
lie
用作动词可以表示

“
躺
”
或者

“
位于
”
，还可以表示

“
撒谎
”
。

She is lying in bed with a bad cold.
英译汉
_________________________________
Beijing lies in the north of China.
英译汉
__________________________________
It is a bad habit to lie.
英译汉
_________ __________________________________
【拓展
2
】
lie
及
lay
一词多义

原形

lie
（躺、位于）

lie
（撒谎）

过去式

lay
lied
过去分词

lain
lied
laid
现在分词

lying
lying
laying
lay
（放置、
下蛋）

laid
（

记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。

(2). rest此处用作动词，表示
“
休息
”
，
rest
也可以用作名 词，表示
“
休息
”
，常用的短语为

“
休息
”
：
_______________________.
例句：
Let’s stop working and have a rest.

5.

Maybe
you have a fever...(P. 2)
maybe
作副词，表示
“
可能、也许
”
，常常放在句首， 相当于
perhaps
，可以与
may
be
相
互转换。

Maybe he is a foreigner.
=He may be a foreigner.
6.

You
need
to take breaks away from the computer.
(P. 2)
need
作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可 以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原
形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式（
to do
）作宾语。

You need
n’t go to the meeting too early.
判断划线词性（



）
A.
情态动词；
B.
实义动词

We need three more workers.
判断划线词性（




）
A.
情态动词；
B.
实义动词

He doesn’t
need to worry too much.
判断划线词性（




）
A.
情态动词；
B.
实义动词

7.

Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long
without
moving. (P.

without< br>用作介词，表示
“
无、没有
”
，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是
with
。

They left ___________ (with) saying goodbye.
（用所给词的正确形式填空）



We can’t live __________(with) air and water.
（用所给词的正确形式填空）

8.

If
your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)
本句是含有
if
引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，可遵循三条原则：


(1).
主将从现：即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。


(2).
主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时态。


(3).
主情从现：即主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时态。



翻译句子：如果明天下雨，我将不会去公园。













_ _________________________________________________


翻译句子：如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。













______________________________________________ ____


翻译句子：如果你不擅长英语，你可以向老师寻求帮助。













____________________________________ ______________
9.

...when the driver
saw
an old man
lying
on the side of the road. (P. 3)
(1). see sb. doing sth.
看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。

翻译：
I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.
(2). see sb do sth
看到某人做了或经常做某事。

翻译：
I often see her dance in the park.
10.

The bus driver...stopped the bus without
thinking twice
.
(P. 3)
(1). think twice
意为
“
再三考虑、权衡利弊
”
。

翻译：
You should think twice before you make the final decision.
【拓展】
think
的相关短语

think about
思考、考虑

；
think of
想起、认为；
think over
仔细考虑

11.

He
got off
and asked the woman what
happened
. (P. 3)
(1). get off
意为
“
下车
”
，反义词是
get on“
上车
”
。

翻译：
Before getting off the bus, you should take care.
(2). happen
表示
“
发生
”
的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：
st h. happens to sb.“
某人
发生了某事
”
。

翻译：
An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.
12.

Mr. Wang knew he
had to
act quickly. (P. 3)
have to
表示
“
必须、
不得不
”
，
强调客观上的必须，
must
侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。

翻译：
We have to walk home because the car has broken down.
翻译：
We must study hard.


13.

He
expected
most or all of the passengers to get off and
wait
for the next
bus. (P. 3)
(1)

expect
的常见用法：

①

expect to do sth.
期待做某事

翻译：
The fans are expecting to see the football star.
②

expect sb. to do sth.
期待某人做某事

翻译：
The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.
(2) wait
的常见用法：

①

wait for sb./sth.“
等待某人或者某事
”

翻译：
We are waiting for the result of the exam.
②

wait to do sth.“
等待做某事
”

翻译：
All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.
③

can’t wait to do sth.“
迫不及待做某事
”

翻译：
The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.

14. But
to his surprise
, they all
agreed
to go with him. (P. 3)
①

agree with sb.
同意某人

翻译：
I can’t agree with you more.

②

agree to sth.
同意某事

翻译：
Do you agree to the plan?
③

agree on sth.
在某事上达成一致意见

翻译：
They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④

agree to do sth.
同意做某事

翻译：
Her parents don’t agree to m
arry (
嫁
) their daughter to the man.
15.

Thanks
to

Mr.
Wang
and
the
passengers,
the
man
was
saved
by
the
doctors
in time
. (P. 3)
(1). thanks to
表示
“
多亏、由于
”
，后接名词或代词，作原因 状语，相当于
because of
。

翻译：
Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.
(2).in time “
及时
”
强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到。




翻译：
I am just in time for the plane.
【拓展】
on time “
按时
”
指按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。




翻译：
Please hand in your homework on time.

16.

“
It’s sad that

many people don’t want to help
others

because they don’t
want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P.
3)
(1)

本句是
“It is+
形容词
+that
从句
”
， 句中的
it
作形式主语，代替真正的主语
that
从句。

翻译：
It is important that we should protect the environment.
(2) other:
意为
“
别的、其它的
”
，常用来修饰可数名词。

the other:
表示
“
两者中另一个
”
，是特指；

the other
之后也可以加复数名词，特指
“
其它的
”
。

another:
表示
“
三者中另一个
”
。

others:
用作代词，泛指
“
其他的人或物
”
是复数概念。

the others:
特指在一个整体中的
“
其余的人或物（全部）
”
。

翻译：
We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.
翻译：
There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.
翻译：
You should think of others.
翻译：
There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.
17.

Bus No. 26
hit
an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)
hit
表示
“
撞击、打击
”
，表示
“
打某人某个部位
”
时用
“hit sb.+
介词（
on, in
）
+the+
身体部
位
”
，若打的部位较硬用
on
，打的部位较软用
i n
。

翻译：
The man hit the little boy in the face.
18.

The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital
right
away
. (P. 3)
right away
意为
“
立刻、马上
”
，相当于
at once
或者
right now
。

Section B
1.

Someone felt
sick
. (P. 5) < br>sick
用作形容词，
意为
“
生病的、
有病的
”，
可以作定语或者表语，
而
ill
表示
“
生病的
”
，
只能用作表语。

I have to look after my sick grandpa.
问：
sick
在此处作
__________
语。

The old woman is seriously sick/ill.

问：
ill
在此处作
__________
语。

2.

have problems breathing
(P. 6)
have problems (in) doing sth.
意为
“
做某事有问题
/
麻烦
”
，相当于：

have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
。

翻译：
She has problems (in) riding a bike.







______________________________________________ _____
3.

As
a mountain climber, Aron
is used to

taking risks
. (P. 6)
(1). as
用作介词，表示
“
作为、身为
”
。

As a student, you should study hard.
(2).
辨析：

used to do sth
；
be used to do sth
；与

be /get used to doing sth

used to do sth.
be used to do sth.

翻译：
The boy used to play computer games.






________________ ______________________________________
翻译：
More and more wood
（木材）

is used to make paper.






______________________________________________ ________
翻译：
His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.








_______________________________ _______________________
(3) risk
表示
“
冒险时
”
，
既可以作名词，
也可以作动词，
作名词常和动词
take
连用，
take
a risk“
冒险
”
；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。

The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
翻译：
____ __________________________________________________ ____________
过去常常做某事

被用来做某事

记忆口诀：
used to do





常常过；











be used to do



被用做；











be used to doing

习惯做

be /get used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事

4.

There
were
many
times
when
Aron
almost
lost
his
life
because
of

accidents. (P. 6)
because of
意为
“
因为，由于
”
，后跟名词短语。在句中常和
because
引导的原因状语 从
句连用，不过
because
后面跟句子。

翻译：
We can’t go out because it rains heavily.=We can’t go out because of the heavy rain.







_______________________________ ____________________________________
例题：
—
Did you have a sports meeting yesterday?






—No, we didn’t. It was put off ____________ the heavy rain.

A.

Instead of

B. because of

C. as for


D. across from
5.

But when his water
ran out
, he knew that he would have to do something
to save his own life
. (P. 6)
(1)

run out
意为
“
用尽、用完
”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词
of
。

翻译：
They ran out of their money. ____________________________________________
(2)
动词不定式短语
to save his own life
在句子 作目的状语。
动词不定式构成的目的状语
可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词 之后。

翻译：
To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. _____________________________________
翻译：
You should work hard to get good grades. _________________________________
6.

He was not
ready
to die that day. (P. 6)
①

be/get ready for sth.“
为
……
做准备
”

The students are reviewing (
复习
) lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.
翻译：
___________ __________________________________________________ _____
②

be/get ready to do sth.“
准备做某事、乐意做某事
”

The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.
翻译：
______ __________________________________________________ _________
7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself
so that
he would not lose
too
much
blood. (P. 6)
(1) so that
引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与
in order that< br>互换，从
句经常会出现表示
“
能够的情态动词
”
，如
can, could, may, might, will, would
等。

翻译：
We started early so that we could catch the first train.







_________________________________________ _______________________
翻译：
He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future.







___________ __________________________________________________ ___
翻译：
We used the computer in order that we might save time.







_________________________________________ _______________________
(2) too much
用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，
much too
用来修饰形容词或者副词。

翻译：
There is too much pollution today.






_________________________________________ _______________________
翻译：
The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.






___________ __________________________________________________ ___
8.

After losing his arm, he wrote a book
called

Between a Rock and a Hard
Place
. (P. 6)
called
此处为动词的过去分 词作定语，意为
“
被称为、被叫作
”
，与
named
同义。

翻译：
This is a book named/called
Journey to the West
.






____________________________________ _________________________
翻译：
The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.






_______________________________ _____________________________
9.

This means being
in a difficult situation
that you cannot
seem
to get out of.
(P. 6)
seem
用作系动词，表示
“
似乎、好像
”
，常用的结构有 ：
seem+adj./to be/that+
句子。

翻译：
The story seems true. ___________________________________________
翻译：
What he said seemed to be a lie.






_____________________ _______________________________________
翻译：
It seems that they are going to work all weekend.





________ __________________________________________________ ___
10.

In this book, Aron tells of
the importance of

making good decisions
, and
of being
in control of
one’
s life. (P. 6)
(1)

make a decision
或者
make decisions
表示
“
做出决定
”
。

翻译：他们期待你来做出决定。

_______________________ _________________________________
(2)

in control of
意为
“
控制、管理
”
。

翻译：
Who is in control of the project (
项目
)?






__ __________________________________________________ ____
(3). the importance of sth/doing sth.
（做）某事的重要性



翻译：
Most students don’t know the importance of studying hard.









______________________________________________ __________
11.

His
love
for
mountain
climbing
is
so

great
that

he
kept
on

climbing
mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)
(1)
在由
so...that
引导的结果状语从句中，
so
是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是
: “...so +
形容词（副词）
+ that +
从句
”
。
翻译：
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.







_________________________________________ _______________
翻译：
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.






_________________________________________ _______________
翻译：
Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.






_______________________________ _________________________
(2). keep on doing sth.
意为
“
继续做某事
”
，强调继续或者重复做某事。

例句：
You shouldn’t keep on thinking about it.

12.

Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t
mind
taking risks. (P. 7)
①

mind doing sth.
介意做某事

翻译：
Would you mind opening the window please?






________ ________________________________________________
②

mind sb’s/sb doing sth.
介意某人做某事

翻译：
Do you mind my/me calling you at night?






_________________________________________ _______________
13.

Aron
did
not
give
up

after
the
accident
and
keeps
on
climbing
mountains today. (P. 7)
give up
表示
“
放弃
”
，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。

翻译：
Don't give up your dream easily.






____________________________________________
翻译：
He has given up playing computer games.






____________________________________________
【语法讲解】

（一）
should
和
shouldn't
表示建议
1
．
Should
为情态动词，意为
“
应该；应当
”< br>，否定式为
shouldn’t
，其后接动词原形，无
人称和数的变化。常用来 表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。


翻译：你应该喝加有蜂蜜的热水。

_______________________________________
翻译：
He should put his head back

_______________________________________
翻译 ：你不应该看电视。
_____________________________________ ___________
2
．
Should
用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。


翻译：我应当给它敷上药吗？

___________________________________________ 翻译：我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
_____________________________ ___________

【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：

①

Would you like (to do) sth
．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？

翻译：你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
________________________________________
②

Shall I/we do sth ?
我／我们做
??
好吗？

翻译：明天我们去动物园，好吗？
___________________________ _____________
③

Why not do sth ?
为什么不呢？

翻译：为什么不给她量下体温呢？
___________ _____________________________

④

How/What about doing sth ?
做某事怎么样？


翻译：去游泳怎么样？
___________________________ ______________________
⑤

Let’s do sth
让我们做吧。

翻译：咱们回家吧。
_______________ ____________________________________
⑥

You’d better (not) do sth
你最好（不）要做某事。
< br>翻译：你最好不要独自去那儿。
_____________________________ ____________

（二）反身代词

1
．反身代词可以 用作一些动词
(
短语
)
或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。

(1). We must look after ourselves and keep fit
．

我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。

(2). She often buys herself nice clothes
．

她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。

(3). Don’t think too much of yourself!

别过多地为自己考虑
!
2
．
反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语 的同位语，
用来加强语气，
表示
“
亲自、
本人、
本身
”
等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如：

(1). I don’t need any help
．
I can do it myself
．我不需要帮 助，我自己能做。
(
主语的同位
语
)
这句话不可表示成
I don’t need any help
，
myself can do it
．

(2). If you want to know more
，
you may ask Miss White herself
．

如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。
(
宾语的同位语
)
3
．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如：

(1). The little boy in the photo was himself
．

照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。

反身代词构成的固定表达：

4.

★
by oneself
意为
“
独自，凭自 己
”
，相当于
alone
；


enjoy on eself
意为
“
玩得高兴，过得愉快
”
，相当于
have fun
或
have a good time
；

help oneself to…
意为
“
随便吃或喝点
……
，随便用
……
；

keep…to oneself
意为
“
不将某事说出去
”
；

say to oneself
意为
“
自言自语
”
。

（三）
have
表示
“
患病、遭受（病痛）
”

(1)
询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：

What’s the matter (with sb
．
)?
（某人）怎么了？

What’s wrong (with sb
．
)?
（某人）怎么了？

What’s the trouble (with
sb
．
)?
（某人）出什么事了？

What happened (to sb
．
)?
（某人）发生了什么事？

Are you OK?
你没事吧？

Is there anything wrong with sb.
？某人有什么事吗？

(2)
要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：

①某人
+have/has+
病症．

The twins have colds
．双胞胎感冒了。

Sb.+have/has+a+head ache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night
．她昨晚肚子痛。

③某人
+have/has+a+sore+
发病部位．

He has a sore throat
．他喉咙痛。

④某人
+hurt(s)+
身体部位或反身代词．

He hurt his leg.
他的腿受伤了。

⑤某部位
+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly
．我头痛得厉害。

⑥
[
拓展
]
某人
+have/has+a pain+in one’s+
身体部位，

I have a pain in my chest
．我胸口痛。

⑦

(There is)som
ething wrong with one’s+
身体部位．

There is something wrong with my right eye.
我的右眼有毛病。


人教新目标八年级英语下册
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
一、必背短语

Section A
部分

1.
清洁、打扫

3.
分发、散发

5.
志愿去做某事

7.
推迟

9.
打电话

11.
在
…
岁

13.
同时

15.
为
…
而筹钱

1.
修理、装饰

5.
与
…
相似

7.
残疾人

9.
帮助某人摆脱困境

clean up
give/ hand out
volunteer to do
put off
call up
at the age of
at the same time
raise money for
fix up
be similar to
disabled people

help sb. out
2.
使振奋、高兴

4.
过去、曾经

6.
提出，相出

8.
张贴；搭建

10.
照顾，照料

12.
参与选拔；试用

14.
一个强烈的满足感

16.
为
…
发愁

Section B
部分

2.
用光，用尽

4.
捐赠、赠送

6.
建立；设立

8.
对
…
有影响
/
作用

10.
对
…
感到兴奋

【教材内容解析】

Section A
run out (of)
give away
set up
make a difference to
be excited about
3.
（外貌
/
行为）像
…

take after
cheer up
used to
come up with
put up
care for/look after/take care of
try out
a strong feeling of satisfaction
be worried about
1.

You could
help
to
clean up
the city parks. (P. 9)
(1)
①

help sb. with sth.
帮助某人某事

翻译：你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？
__________ _____________________
②

help sb. (to) do sth.
帮助某人做某事

翻译：他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。
___ ________________________________
(2)

clean up
意为
“
打扫干净
”

翻译：
Nancy, please clean up your room. _______________________________
2.

The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to
cheer them up
.
(P. 9)
cheer up
意为
“
使开心
,
使振作、振奋
”
，代词用作 宾语时，要当在
cheer
和
up
之间。

翻译：
Cheer up! Everything will be OK. __________________________________


3.

The boy could
give out
food at the food bank. (P. 9)
give out
意为
“
分发、散发
”
，相当于
hand out
。

翻译：这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。






__________________________ ____________________________________
4.

The girl could
volunteer
in an after- school study program to teach kids.
(P.
9)
volunteer
用作动词，
表示
“
义务做、
自愿做”
，
后接不定式作宾语，
volunteer to do sth.“
志
愿做某事
”
；作名词，表示
“
志愿者
”
，为可数 名词。

翻译：
Tom volunteered to help us. _______________________________________
5.

Let’s make some notices,
too
. (P. 10)
also, too, as well
与
either
都可以表示
“
也
”
，但是用法不同。

also
too
as well
either
放在句中行为动词前，
be
动词、助动词和情态动词之后。

用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。

用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。

用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开。

He also wants to go.
He wants to go, too.
He wants to go as well.
He doesn’t want to go either

6.

We need to
come up with
a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)
come up with
表示
“
相出、提出（主意或者想法）
”
。

翻译：或许他会提出一个好的主意。
_____________________________ _____________
7.

Oh, what did they ask you to
help out
with? (P. 10)
help out
意为
“
帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境
”
。

翻译：
Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. __________________________________
8.

They told me stories about the past and how things
used to
be. (P. 10)
辨析：
be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.
与
be used to do sth.
辨析：

used to do sth
；
be used to do sth
；与

be /get used to doing sth

used to do sth.
be used to do sth.
过去常常做某事

被用来做某事

记忆口诀：
used to do





常常过；











be used to do



被用做；











be used to doing

习惯做

be /get used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事

9.

Yeah, a lot of old people are
lonely
. (P. 10)
lonely
作形容词表示
“
孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”
；

alone
既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。

翻译：
He feels lonely at home himself. ________________________________________
翻译：
His grandfather was alone. ____________ __________________
；
alone
是
______
词。

翻译：
Mr. Smith lives alone. ________ _________________________
；
alone
是
__ _____
词。

10.

We should listen to them and
care for
them. (P. 10)
care for
意为
“
照顾、
照料
”
，
后接名词或者代词作宾语，
相当于
look after
或者
take care
of
。

翻译：她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟。







_____________________ __________________________________________
11.
I
get
such

a
strong
feeling
of
satisfaction
when
I
see
the
animals
get
better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. (P. 11)

such
用作形容词，表示
“
这样、如此
”
，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可
以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。

翻译：
It’s such a nice day. _________________ ___________________________________

翻译：
I hope to have such delicious food every day.






_____ __________________________________________________ _____________
12.

She could read by herself
at the age of
four. (P. 11)
at the age of
表示
“
在
……
岁时
”
，表示年龄。

翻
译
：
He
started
school
at
the
age
of
six.
__________________________________________
13.

Last
year,
she
decided
to
try
out
for

a
volunteer
after-school
reading
program. (P. 11)
try out for
意为
“
参加
……
选拔、争取成为
……”
。

翻
译
：
Many
boys
tried
out
for
the
football
team.
____________________________________
14.

I can do what I love to do and help others
at the same time
. (P. 12)
at the same time
意为
“
同时
”
。

翻译：你不能同时写作 业和看电视。
________________________________________ __
15.

Our class is
trying
to...(P. 12)
①

try to do sth. “
尽力做某事
”

翻译：医生尽力挽救（
save
）生病的 女孩。
____________________________________
②

try doing sth. “
尝试做某事
”
< br>翻译：男孩尝试弹钢琴。
________________________________ ____________________
Section B
1.

I
take after
my mother. (P. 13)
take after
意为
“
长得像
”
。

翻译：
Mary
长得像她爸爸
. ____________________________________________
2.

I
fixed it up
. (P. 13)
fix up
意为
“
修理
”
，代词作宾语时，放在
fix
和
up
中间。

翻译：
My computer doesn’t work. Can you fix it up for me?







_____________________ _____________________________________________
3.

I
gave it away
. (P. 13)
give away
意为
“
捐赠、赠送
”
，还可以表示“
泄露（秘密）
”
。

翻译：我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。







____________________________________ ______________________________
4.

I’m
similar
to her. (P. 13)
be similar to
意为
“
与
……
相似
”
，
be similar in“
在
……
方面类似
”
。

翻译：
Her ideas are similar to mine. ________________________________________
翻译：
The twins are similar in appearances. __________________________________
5.

I didn’t
keep
it. (P. 13)
①

keep sth.
保留某物

翻译：
You can keep the book until the next weekend. ___________________________
②

keep doing sth.
一直做某事

翻译：
The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison
（监狱）
.






_________________________________________ _________________________
③

keep+adj.
保持
……

翻译：
The girl eats a little to keep slim
（苗条的）
. ____________________________
④

keep sb./sth.+adj./
介词短语

保持某人
/
某物
……

翻译：
We should keep the window open while we are asleep.






_____________________ _____________________________________________
⑤

keep sb. doing sth.
保持某人做某事

翻译：
The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.






___________ __________________________________________________ ______
6.

Who
wrote the letter to
Miss Li? (P. 14)
write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “
给某人写信
”

翻译：她正在给她父母写信。
_________ ________________________________________
7.

You helped to
make it possible for me to have Lucky
. (P. 14)
有些动词后面接复合宾语时 ，常用
it
作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担
当，并位于宾语补足语之后 。常见的这样的动词有
find
，
think
，
feel
，
make
等。

翻译：
I find it interesting to play computer games






_______________________________ ___________________________________
翻译：
We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.






_______ __________________________________________________ _________
8.

Lucky
makes a big difference to
my life. (P. 14)
make a difference to
意为
“
对
…
有影响、
对
…
起作用
”
，
后接名词、
代词、
动名词作宾语。

翻译：
Changing schools made a difference to my life.






_______ __________________________________________________ __
翻译：
The rain made no difference to the game.






__________ _________________________________________________
9.

Or
imagine

you can’t wal
k or use your hands easily. (P. 14)
ima gine
表示
“
想象
”
时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。

翻译：
You can’t imagine how fast the player ran. ___________________________________

10.

I
can’t
use
my
arms
or
legs
well,
so
normal
things
like
answering
the
telephone, opening and closing doors, or
carrying
things are difficult for me.
(P. 14)

bring
表示
“
带来
”，
强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，
常与副词
here
连用；
t ake
表示
“
带
走
”
，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常 与副词
there
连用；
carry
表示
“
搬、抬
”
，没有
方向性。

翻译：
The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home
after
school.
_____ __________________________________________________ ________________
11.

She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special
trained
dog.
(P.
14)

trai n
用作及物动词，表示
“
训练、培训
”
，
train sb./sth. to do sth.“
训练某人
/
某物做某事
”
。

翻
译
：
They
train
the
dogs
to
open
the
door.
_________________________________________
12.

After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I
was able to

bring him home. (P. 14)

be able to
意为
“
能，会
”
，表示能力，与
can
同义。

In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.
【拓展】辨析：
be able to
与
can
be able to
强调通过努力而获得的能力，而
can
强调自身已具有的能力。

She can sing the song in English.
He will be able to sing this song in English, too.
【语法讲解】

动词不定式

一、

作主语

为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用
it
作为形式主语，而真正的 主语动词不定式后置。


常用句型：
It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
翻译：
____________________________
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
翻译：
_______________________________
二、

作宾语

动词
agree (
同意
)
；

offer (
提出
)
；

intend
，

plan (
打算，计划
)
；

demand
，

ask (
要
求
)
；

promise (
答应
)
；

help (
帮忙
)
；

prepare (
准备
)
；

decide (
决定
)
；

refuse (
拒绝
)
；
dare (
敢于
)
；

choose (
选择
)
；

wish
，
hope
，
want
，

expect (
希望，
想要
)
；

fail
；
（不
能；忘记）
；

pretend
(
假装
)
；

manage
(
设法
)
；

determine
（决心）常接动词不定
式作宾语。

【记忆口诀】

同意提出做计划，

要求答应来帮忙。


准备决定遭拒绝，

敢于选择有希望。


不能做到莫假装，

设法做成决心强。


三、

作（后置）定语

常用于
“have/has
＋
sth.
＋
to
do”
或
“enough
＋名＋
to
do”
“It’s
time
to
do
sth.”
等结构
中。

四、动词不定式作状语

主要用来修饰动词， 表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式
放在句首，或在不定式前加
in order (to)
或
so as (to) “
为了，目的是
”
。常用结构有
too +
adj./adv. + to do sth.
等。

五、作宾语补足语

tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call
等可接带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成
tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.
结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去
to
：

“
一感
(feel)
，
二听
(listen to, hear)
，
三让
(let, make, have,
，
四看
(look at, see, watch, notice)
，
半帮助
(help)”
。

六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法

常见的形式有：

had better (not) do sth.

Would you like to do sth.?
Why not do sth.?








最好（不）做
…

你想做
…
？

为什么不做
…?

请你（不）做
….
好吗？

Would you please (not) do sth.?


人教新目标八年级英语下册
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
？

一、必背短语

Section A
部分

1.
倒垃圾

3.
叠你的衣服

5.
在外面待得晚

7.
随时，在任何时刻

9.
扔下

11.
一
…
就
…

13.
把
…
借给

1.
浪费时间

3.
上好大学

5.
对某人来说没有必要做
…

7.
为某人提供某物


9.
依赖、依靠

11.
学会独立

take out the rubbish
fold your clothes
stay out late
any minute now
throw down
as soon as
lend…to…

a waste of time
There is no need for sb. to do

2.
打扫地板

4.
整理你的床铺

6.
出去吃完饭

8.
乱七八糟


10.
一直

12.
向
…
借


14.
惊讶地


sweep the floor
make your bed
go out for dinner
in a mess
all the time
borrow…from…

in surprise
spend time on…

in order to
do chores
as a result
It is not enough to do.
Section B
部分

2.
在
…
上花时间

6.
做家务

10.
结果
..
12.
做
…
不够

【教材内容解析】

Section A
get into a good university
4.
为了
…

provide sth for sb
或

provide sb. with sth
depend on
learn to be independent
1.

Peter,
could you please

take out
the rubbish? (P. 17)
(1)

Could you please. ..?
意为
“
你能
……
吗？
”
，
coul d
在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委
婉的语气，
please
后接动词原形 ，肯定回答用
Sure/Of course/Certainly
，也可以用
... can
，
不可以用
...could
；否定回答用
Sorry...
并给出理由，也可用
...can’t/mustn’t
。

---Could you please help me with my homework?

--Sure./Of course./Certai
nly./Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.

(2)

take ou t
意为
“
带出去
”
，代词作宾语时，要放在
take
和
out
之间。

The dog is noisy. Take it out.
2.

Could I
at least

finish
watching this show? (P. 18)
(1)

at least
表示
“
至少
”
，反义词为
at most“
至多
”
。

The ticket cost at least 200 yuan.
(2)

finish
意为
“< br>完成、做好
”
，后接动词作宾语时，要用
doing
的形式。

When are you going to finish your work?
3. Yes, because Mom will
be back
from shopping any minute now. (P. 18)
be back
意为
“
回来
”
，相当于
come back
，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重指动作。

She has been back for two days.


You came back very late last night.
4.

And she won’t be happy if s
he sees this
mess
. (P. 18)
mess
用作名词，表示
“
杂乱、不整洁
”
，常用 的短语为：
make a mess“
搞得一团糟
”
；
in a
mess“
一团糟
”
。

The kids make a mess in the bedroom.


All the rooms are in a mess.
5.

The minute
I sat down in front of the TV
, my mom
came over
. (P. 19)
(1) the minute
意为
“
一
……
就
”
，
用来引导时间状语从句，
相当于
t he moment
或者
as soon
as
。

I want to see her the minute she arrives.
(2)

come over
意为
“
过来
”
。

Can you come over tomorrow?
6.

You watch TV
all the time
and never help out around the house! (P. 19)
all the time
意为
“
反复、总 是
”
，强调某段时间内一直在进行和发生的事情。

I have a dog and a cat. They fight all the time.
7.

I’m just
as tired as
you are! (P. 19)
当我们要表示双方某方面
(
如年龄、身高等
)
程度相同或不同时，常 用
as…as
或
not
as/so…as
结构，表示
“< br>和
……
一样
”
或
“
和
……
不一样< br>”
。如：

Mary is as careful as Linda
．玛丽和琳达一样仔细。

He does not run as fast as Tom
．他跑步没有汤姆快。

8.

For one week, she did not do any housework and
neither did I
. (P. 19)
neither
did
I
是
“Neither/nor+
助动词
/be
动词
/
情态动词
+
主语
”
结构，表示前者所描述的
否定情况同 样适用于后者，
neither
在此用作副词，表示
“
也不
”
。

---
I don’t like this dress.

---Neither do I.
9.

My mom came over
as soon as
I sat down in front of the TV
. (P. 19)
as soon as
引导时间状语从句，表示
“
一
……
就
……”
，要遵从
“
主将从现
”< br>的原则，即主句
用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

I will go as soon as she arrives.
10.

Could I
hang out
with my friends after the movie? (P. 20)
hang out
意为
“
闲逛、闲荡
”
。

He is hanging out with his friends.
11.

Could you please
pass me the salt
? (P. 20)
pass sb. sth.
相当于
pass sth. to
sb.“
把某物递给某人
”
。

Pass me the book, please.=Pass the book to me please.
12.

Could I
borrow
that book? (P. 20)
borrow
此处是及物动词，表示
“
借进来
”< br>，反义词是
lend
，
borrow...from...“
从
……
借
入
……”
。

I often borrow books from the library.
You can borrow some money from your elder brother.
13.

Could you
lend
me some money? (P. 20)
lend
表示
“
借出去
”
，与
borrow“借进来
”
相对，常用的结构为：
lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.
“
把某物借给某人
”
。

He often lends others his car.
=He often lend his car to others.
14.

I’ll finish my homework
while
you help me with the dishes. (P. 20)
when
和
while
引导时间状语从句 均表示
“
当
……
时候
”
，
when
既可以 指
“
时间点
”,
与瞬
间动词连用，也可以指
“
时间 段
”
，与延续性动词连用（
=while
）
。
while< br>表示时间段，因
此，
while
从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词，
as
强调两个动作同时发生，表示
“
一边
……
一边
……”
。

When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard.

Kate listens music as she walks in the park.
【教材内容解析】

Section B
1.

Housework is
a waste of
their time. (P. 22)
a waste of
意为
“
浪费
……”
，其中
waste
是名词，意为
“
浪费
”
。

翻译：
Playing computer games is a waste of time.






_________________________________________ ______________________
2.

The
should
spend

their
time
on
schoolwork
in
order
to

get
good
grades
and get into a good university. (P. 22)
(1) spend
的用法

①

sb. spend+
时间
/
金钱
+on sth. “
在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱
”

翻译：
The man spent the whole day on his speech.






__________________________ __________________________________
翻译：
The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip.





__________________________ ___________________________________
②

sb. spend+
时间
+(in) doing sth. “
花费多长时间做某事
”

翻译：
The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.





__________________________ ___________________________________
【拓展】辨析
spend, pay, take
和
cost
spend
pay
take

cost
主语是人

主语是人

主语是
it
主语是物

spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
It takes sb.+
时间
+to do sth.
sth. costs sb.+
金钱

(2) in order to
意为
“
为了
……”
后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。

in order to
可位于句中或者句首

否定：
in order not to do sth.
意为
“
为了不做某事
”
。

翻译：
Tom got up early in order to catch the first bus.






_____________________ ______________________________________________
翻译：
In order not to make his mother angry, he decided to give up playing computer games.






_____________________ _______________________________________________
3. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so
there is no
need for
them to do it now. (P. 22)
there is no need for sb. to do sth.
意为
“
对某人来说没有必要做某事
”
。

翻译：
There is no need for you to get up so early.






_________ __________________________________________________ _________
4.
It
is
the
parents’ job
to

provide

a clean
and
comfortable environment
at
home for their children. (P. 22)
(1) It is+
名词
+to do sth.
表示
“
做某事是
……”
，其中的
it
为形式主语，后边的动词不定式
才是真正的主语。

翻译：
It’s my job to look
after you. ____________________________________________
(2) provide
表示
“
提供
”
时，
常用的 结构为：
provide sb. with sth.
或者
provide sth. for sth.
“
为
某人提供某物
”
；
【拓展】
offer
也表示
“
提供
”
，
但结构 有所不同，
常用于
“
offer sb. sth.
或者
offer sth. to sb.
”
结构中，意为
“
为某人提供某物
”
。

翻译：
The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area. (
受洪灾地
区
)
=The government provided the flooded area with a lot of food and clothes.








______ __________________________________________________ ___________
5.

Any
anyway
, I think
doing chores
is not so difficult. (P. 22)
(1)

anyway
用作副词，表示
“
而且、加之
”
，也可以表示
“
即使这样、无论如何
”
。
翻译：
It’s expensive and anyway the size is too small.

翻译：
Anyway, we should have a try. _________________________________________
(2)

doing chores
是动名词，在句中用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

翻译：
Doing morning exercise is good for us.
6.

I think i
t is important for children to
learn
how to do chores
and help their
parents with housework. (P. 22)
(1)
本句结构为
“It’s+adj.+
for sb
.+to do sth.”
结构，
意为
“
做某事对某人来说
……”
，
此结构
中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如
easy, important, dangerous, necessary
等。

例如：

翻译：
It is important for you to study hard. ______________________________________
翻译：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language. ___________________________________
【拓展】
It’s+adj.+
of
sb
.+to
do
sth.
意为
“
某人做某事是
……
的
”
， 此结构中的形容词多是
kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish, polite
等描述行为者性格、品质的词。

翻译：
It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.






____ __________________________________________________ ______________

(2)

how to do chore s
是
“
特殊疑问词
+
动词不定式
”
结构，作
learn
的宾语，动词不定式常
与
what, who, how, where, when
等特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

翻译：
When to start is not decided yet. ________________________________________
翻译：
The question is what to do next. ________________________________________
7.

Children these days
depend on
their parents too much. (P. 22)
depend on/upon
意为
“
取决于
……
；由
……
决定； 依靠
”

翻译：
You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice.






_____________________ ____________________________________________
翻译：
We shouldn’t always depend on our parents.







___ __________________________________________________ ____________
8.

Doing chores helps to develop chil
dren’s
independence
and teaches them
how to look after themselves. (P. 22)
independence
用作不可数名词，
表示
“
独立、
自主
”
，
形容词为
independent
，
意为
“
独立的
”
。

例句：
The Declaration of Independence was made in America in 1776.
《
独立宣言》
于
1776
年在美国宣布。

9.

Since

they
live
in
one
house
with
their
parents,
they
should
know
that
everyone should
do their part in keeping
it clean and tidy. (P. 22)
(1)

since
此处表示
“
因为、既然
”
，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。

翻译：
Since you don’t know the boy, I will ask someone else.







_________________________________________ ________________________
(2)

do one’s part in (doing) sth.
意为
“
尽自己的职责去做某事
”
。

翻译：
The president asked every citizen to do his part in saving water.






_________________________________________ ________________________
10.

As a result
, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. (P. 22)
as a result
意为
“
因此、结果
”
，在句中作状语；
as a result of
表示
“
由于
”
，后接名词或者
代词 ，相当于
because of
。

翻译：
He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.






___________ __________________________________________________ ___
翻译：
He was late as a result of the heavy rain.





_________ __________________________________________________ _______
11.

The earlier
kids learn to be independent,
the better
it is for their future.
(P. 22)
本句为
“the+
比较级，
the+
比较级
”
结构，表示
“
越
……
越
……”
。

翻译：
The harder you study, the better grades you can get.






____________________________________ ____________________________
翻译：
The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.






________ __________________________________________________ ______
【语法讲解】

情态动词
could
的用法

情态动词
could
可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：

1.

表示请求或者允许

could
表示请求或允许时， 并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈
述看法时，回答时用
can
。

Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
---Could you come to my birthday party?
---
Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my moth
er.
2.

表示建议

情态动词
could
表示建议做某事，意为
“< br>可以
”
，语气比
can
更加委婉。

You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.

人教新目标八年级英语下册
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents
？

一、必背短语

Section A
部分

1.
允许某人去做某事

3.
谈论关于
…

5.
浏览、翻看

7.
生某人的气

9.
和
..
相处得好

11.
笼罩

13.
和
…
交流

15.
向某人解释
…

allow sb. to do sth
talk about
look through
be angry with
get on with…

hang over
communicate with…

explain sth. to sb.
2.
和
…
打架


4.
在电话中

6.
重要的事

8.
成功解决、计算出

10.
有足够的睡眠


12.
主动提出做
…

14.
拒绝做某事

16.
抄袭某人的作业

get into a fight with
on the phone
a big deal
work out
get enough sleep
offer to do…

refuse to do
copy one’s homework

Section B
部分

1.
家庭成员

3.
与某人竞争

5.
学习应试技巧

7.
删除，删减

family members
compete with sb.
learn exam skills
cut out
2.
业余活动

4.
提出某人的观点

6.
依
….
的观点看

free time activities
give one’ s opinion

in one’s opinion

8.
总的做某事
（厌烦等）

be always doing sth.
【教材内容解析】

Section A
1.

My parents don’t
allow
me to hang out with my friends. (P. 25)
①

allow doing sth.
允许做某事

翻译：
The shopkeeper (
店员
) doesn’t allow smoking in any corner of the shop.




____________________________________ __________________________
②

allow sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事

翻译：
His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework.


______________________ _________________________________________
2.

I
got into a fight with
my best friend. (P. 25)
get into a fight with sb.
意为
“
和某人打架
”
，
相当于
have a fight with sb.
或者
fight with sb.
。

翻译：
He got drunk (
醉酒的
) and got into a fight with Jim.





___ __________________________________________________ _______
3.

What’s wron
g
? (P. 25)
What’s wrong?
意为
“
怎么了？
”
，
用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事，
What’s wrong
with.. .?
意为
“……
怎么了？
”
，后接
sb.
或者sth.
，用来询问某人或者某物怎么了？

---
What’s wrong with you, Jim?

---I left my umbrella on the bus.
【拓展】
询问
“
怎么了？
”
，主 要有以下几种句型：

What’s wrong (with sb./sth.)?

What’s the matter (with sb
./sth.)?
What’s the trouble (with sb./sth.)?

What’s up (with sb./sth.)?

4.

I’m really tired because I studied
until
midnight last night. (P. 25)
unt il
表示
“
直到
”
和延续性动词连用，意为一个动作一直持续到某个 点为止；同短暂性
行动连用时，用于
“not...until”
结构中，表示
“
直到
……
才
……”
。

翻译：
The boy waited in the school until his father came to pick him up.





________ __________________________________________________ ___
翻译：
The workers won’t leave until they get their salary (
工资
).





_________________________________________ ____________________
5.

Why don’t you
go to sleep earlier this evening? (P. 25)
Why don’t you do sth.?
意为
“
你为什么不做某事< br>”
，常用来向对方提出意见，相当于
Why
not do sth.?
。

肯定回答用
Good idea./Good./All right./Sure.
等；

否定回答用
No, I don’t think so./Sorry, I can’t.
等。

---
Why don’t you go sleeping with us?

---Good idea.
6.

Well, I
found
my sister
looking through
my things yesterday. (P. 26)
(1)

find sb. doing sth.
表示
“
发现某人正在做某事
”
，表示动作正在进行。

翻译：
Tom
found
a
man
stealing
something
when
he
was
in
the
supermarket
yesterday.

______________________________________________ ____
(2)

look through
意为
“
快速查看、浏览
”
。

翻译：
It is a good habit to look through newspapers every day.






_________________________________________ _____________________
【拓展】
look
的相关短语

look forward to
盼望、期待

look up
查阅

look into
调查

look after
照看

7.

Although

she’s wrong,
it’s not a big deal
. (P. 26)
(1)

although
是连词，意为
“
虽然、即使
”
，相当于
though
，引导 让步状语从句。

翻译：
Although/Though my grandma is old, she is very healthy.






____________________________________ _________________________
(2)

it’s not a big deal
意为
“
没什么大不了、不是什么大事
”
。

翻译：
Change the time of the meeting. It’s not a big deal.







______________________________________________ _______________
8.

Hope things
work out
. (P. 26)
work out
此处表示
“
成功地发展
”
，后常跟
fine, well, badly
等词，表示产生的结果如何；
此外
work out
还可以表示
“
解决、制定出
”
。

翻译：
Everything is working out well.






_____________________ ________________________________________
翻译：
The math problem is difficult for me to work out.






______ __________________________________________________ _____
翻译：
I have worked out a new way of doing it.






______ __________________________________________________ _____
9.

My
problem is that I can’t
get on with
my family. (P. 27)
get on with
意为
“
和睦相处
”
，后接人作宾语，相当于
get along with
。

翻译：
The new teacher is getting on/along with the students.






_______________________________ ______________________________
【拓展】
get on/along with sth.
意为
“
在
……
方面取得进展
”

翻译：
How are you getting on with your essay?






________________ ____________________________________________
10.

When they
argue
, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. (P.
27)
argue
用作动词，
表示
“
争吵
”，
argue with sb.“
与某人争吵
”
；
argue about sth.“
就某事争论
”
。

翻译：
Mary often argues with her mother about which clothes to wear.






_______ __________________________________________________ ___
翻译：
They were arguing about the matter again.






_________ __________________________________________________ _
11.

Also, my
elder
brother is not very nice to me. (P. 27)
elder
用作形容词 ，意为
“
年纪较长的
”
，反义词是
younger
。

His elder brother is ill.
【拓展】
elder
和
older
的区别

eld er
用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语；
older
泛指新旧、 老幼
或者年龄大小的关系，可以用作表语或者定语。

12.

He always
refuses
to let me watch my favorite TV show. (P. 27)
refuse
表示
“
拒绝
”< br>时，后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。

翻译：
The girl refused the offer from Oxford University.






_____________________ _____________________________________
翻译：
Most of the residents refused to move away from here.






__________________________________________________ ________
13.

Instead
he watches
whatever
he wants until late at night. (P. 27)
(1) instead
是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语；
instead of
是介词短语，用于句中，后接
名词、代词或动名词。

翻译：
He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow.






______ __________________________________________________ __
翻译：
They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.







____________________________________ ______________________
(2)

whatever
表示
“
无论什么、不管什么
”
，引导让步状语从句，相当于
no matter what
。

翻译：
Whatever difficulties he may meet, he will overcome them.






________________ __________________________________________
14.

If you parents are having problems, you should
offer
to help. (P. 27)
①

offer
表示
“
提供
”
时 ，作双宾语动词，常用的结构为：

offer sb. sth.
相当于
offer sth. to sb.“
为某人提供某物
”
。

翻译：
The restaurant offers free coffee to customers.
=The restaurant offers customers free coffee.
______________________________________________ ______________
②

offer to do sth.“
主动提出做某事
”

翻译：
The kind man offered to help the old lady across the road.






_____________________ ______________________________________
15.

Secondly
, why don’t you sit down and
communicate
with your brother?
(P. 27)
(1)

secondly
用作副词，意为
“
第二、其次< br>”
，常与
firstly, thirdly
或者
lastly/finally
等表示
顺序先后的词，表示列举某些事实。

Firstly, they are not efficient, and secondly, they are expensive to make.
(2)

communicate with sb.
表示
“
与某人交流
”

翻译：
People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet.






_________________________________________ ____________________
16.

You should
explain

that you don’t
mind
him watching TV all the time. (P.
27)
(1) explain
表示
“
解释
”
，后常接名词作宾语，
exp lain sth. to sb.
意为
“
向某人解释某事
”
。

翻译：
The teacher explained the answer to
the question to
his
students again
and again.
_______________________________ _______________________
(2) mind
的用法：

①

mind doing sth.
介意做某事

翻译：
Would you mind opening the window please?







___ __________________________________________________ ________
②

mind sb’s/sb doing sth.
介意某人做某事

翻译：
Do you mind my/me calling you at night?






_________________________________________ ____________________
17.

My cousins borrow my things without
returning
them. (P. 28)
return
此处用作及物动词，
表示
“
归还”
，
相当于
give back
，
return sth. to sb.=return sb. sth.
。

翻译：
I’m going to return this book to the library.







_____________________ ________________________________________
18.

Your best friend does
not
trust you
anymore
. (P. 28)
not...anymore
相当于
not...any more
意为
“
不再
……”
。

not...any
more
相当于
no
more
，表 示
“
不再
”
，强调程度或者数量上不再
……
；
no t...any
longer
相当于
no longer
，表示
“
不再
”
，强调时间上不再
……
。

翻译：
I can’t eat any mor
e, because I am full.
=I can no more eat, because I am full. < br>_______________________________________________ ______________
翻译：
The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer.
=The village is no longer what it was ten year ago.







_____________________ ________________________________________
Section B
1.

My parents give me a lot of
pressure
about school. (P. 29)
pressure
此处用作不可数名词，意为
“
压力
”
，
u nder pressure
表示
“
压力之下
”
。

翻译：
I feel I’m not able to do well with the pressure from my job.







_________________________________________ ___________________
2.

I have to
compete with
my classmates at school. (P. 29)
compete with
意为
“
与
……
竞争
/
对抗

”
，相当于
compete against...
。

翻译：
It is difficult for a small store to compete with/against a supermarket.





____________________________________ ________________________
3.

The Taylors
are a typical American family. (P. 30)
“the+
姓氏的复数
”
表示一家人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。< br>
The Greens live in Los Angeles.
4.

Maybe
I
could
cut
out

a
few
of
their
activities,
but
I
believe
these
activities are important for my child
ren’s future. (P. 30)

cut out
意为
“
删除、删去
”
。

翻译：
You had better cut out that sentence.





_____________________ _______________________________________
5.

They have a quick dinner, and then
it’s time for
homework. (P. 30)
It’s time for sth.
意为
“
该做某事了
”
，相当于
It’s time t
o do sth.
。

It’s time for lunch.

=It’s time to have lunch. ______________________________________________

6.

“In some families, competition starts very young and
continues
until the
kids get older,” she days. (P. 30)

con tinue
表示
“
继续
”
，后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。
翻译：
Mrs. Green continued working/to work after she had her baby.




< br>_______________________________________________ _____________
7.

And they
are always

comparing
them with other children. (P. 30)
(1)

be always doing sth.
意为
“
一直做某事、总是做某事
”
，含有赞扬、抱怨或厌恶 等感情
色彩，不表示正在发生的动作。

翻译：
She was always moving things around.





_________________________________________ ___________________
(2)
compare
表示
“
比较
”
时，常用的结构有两个：
compare...with...“把
……
同
……
比较
”
；
compare... to...“
把
……
比作
……”
。

翻译：
Don’t compare your children with others’.







__ __________________________________________________ ________
翻译：
We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland.






__________________________ __________________________________
8. People shouldn’t
push
their kids so hard. (P. 30)
push
这里用作动词，表示
“
鞭策、敦促、推动
”
。
翻译：
Do
n’t push yourself too hard.






___________ _________________________________________________
翻译：
My parents push me to learn English well.





_______________ _____________________________________________
9.

Dr. Alice says all these activities can
cause
a lot of stress for children. (P.
30)
cause
这里是及物动词，表示
“
引起、造成< br>”
，
cause sb. sth.
相当于
cause sth. for sb.
。

The little boy caused his parents a lot of trouble.
=The little boy caused a lot of trouble for his parents.
翻译：________________________________________________ ____________
【拓展】
cause sb. to do sth.
意为
“
导致某人做某事
”

What caused him to change his mind?
10.

In my opinion
, it is important for children/parents to...(P. 32)
in one's opinion
意为
“
依
……
看
”
，相当于
accord ing to sb.
。

翻译：
In their opinion, the meeting should be put off.






____________________________________ ________________________
11.

You could tell him to
turn down
the TV
. (P. 32)
turn down
意为
“
关小、调低
”

翻译：
Could you please turn down the radio a little.






________ __________________________________________________ __
【语法讲解】

（一）情态动词
should
和
could
1. should
的用法

（
1
）表示
“
应该，应当
”
。

（
2
）表示
“
可能，该（
=will probably
）
”

（
3
）表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示。

例如：

He should work harder.
His backpack should be in the classroom.
2.
情态动词
could
可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：

(1).
表示请求或者允许

could
表示请求或允许时，并不 表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈
述看法时，回答时用
can
。< br>
Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
---Could you come to my birthday party?
---
Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother.

(2).
表示建议

情态动词
could
表示建议做某事， 意为
“
可以
”
，语气比
can
更加委婉。

You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
（二）连词
until, so that, although
引导的状语从句

1
）
until
：在带 有
till
或
until
引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义 是
“
一
直到
……
时
”
，谓语动词只能用延续性动词 。如果主句用否定式，其含义是
“
直到
……
才
……”, “
在
……
以前不
……”,
谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

2
）
so that
引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）

例如：
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future
although
的用法意思相当于
t hough
（尽管，虽然）
，
引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能
与并列连词
but
，
and
，

so
等连用，但可以和
yet
，

still
等词连用。


例如：
Although he was tired, he went on working.
尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。


人教新目标八年级英语下册
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came
？

一、必背短语

Section A
部分

1.
在
…
的时候

3.
接（电话）

5.
拍打
…

7.

逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

9.

一团糟

11.
错过公交车

at the time of
pick up
beat against …

die down

in a mess

miss the bus

2.
（闹钟）响铃

4.

进人梦乡；睡着

6.

确信；确认

8.
醒来

10.

使
……
分离

12.
洗热水澡

Section B
部分

1.
在路边

3.
在某人去
……
的路上

5.
沉默；无声

7.
拆除；摧毁

9.
记得做过某事

11.
实话说

by the side of the road
make one’s way to …

in silence
take down
remember doing sth.
to tell the truth
2.
走路经过

4.
历史上的重大事件

6.
最近地；新近

8.
对
……
有意义

10.
首先；最初

12.
其余的，其他的

Section A
walk by
important events in history

go off
fall asleep

make sure

wake up

break … apart

take a hot shower

more recently
have meaning to
at first
the rest of
【教材内容解析】

1.

What were you doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? (P. 33)
此句是过去进行时，表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作，结构为：
was/were doing sth.
。

They we
re watching TV at nine o’clock last night.

2.

My alarm didn’t
go off
so...(P. 34)
go of f
此处表示
“
发出响声
”
，还可以表示
“
爆炸、离 开、停止运转
”
。

The alarm went off at 7 a.m. yesterday.
A bomb went off just now.

Danny decided go off on his own.

3.

I called at seven and you didn’t
pick up
. (P. 34)
pick up
意为
“
接电话
”
，相当于
answer the phone
。

Why don’t you pick up/answer the phone?

【拓展】
pick up
还可以表示
“
捡起、开车接送
”
。

My pen is under your desk. Can you pick it up for me?
Can you pick me up at the station?
4. I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then
either
. (P. 34)

also, too, as well
与
either
都可以表示
“
也
”
，但是用法不同 。

also
too
as well
either
放在句中行为动词前，
be
动词、助动词和情态动词之后。

用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。

用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。

用于否定句句末。

He also wants to go.
He wants to go, either.
He wants to go as well.
He doesn’t want to go e
ither
5.

With no light outside
, it
felt like
midnight. (P. 35)
(1) with
这里用作介词，表示伴随状况，意为
“
由于、因为
”
。

With John away, there’s more room in the house.

(2)

feel like
表示
“
感觉像、感觉好似
”

The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours.
【拓展】
feel like
还可以表示
“
想要”
，后接动词时，用
doing
的形式。

He didn’t feel like going swimming.

6.

Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom
was
making sure
the flashlights and radio were working. (P. 35)
make sure
意为
“
确保
”
，后接
of短语或者
that
从句。

I tried to make sure of the problem.
Make sure that no one finds out about it.
7.

She also put some candles and
matches
on the table. (P. 35)
match
此处用作名词，表示
“
火柴
”
。

Don’t let your children play with matches.

【拓展】
match
用作名词还可以表示
“
比赛
”
，用作动词，意为
“
般配
”
。

Our team won the football game.
This pair of shoes match your dress well.
8.

Ben
was
helping
his
mom
make
dinner
when
the
rain
began
to
beat

heavily
against
the windows. (P. 35)

(1)

beat
用作动词 ，表示
“
敲打、拍打
”
，还可以表示
“
战胜、打败
”
，宾语是对手。

They beat drums to cheer up the players.
I beat her at swimming yesterday.
(2)

against
用作介词，表示
“
碰、撞
”
。

The rain beat against the windows.
【拓展】
against
用作介词，还可以表示
“
倚着、靠着
”
或者
“
反对
”
。