boring是什么意思英语国家社会与文化入门练习整理

2021年1月19日发(作者：creative)
英
语
国
家
社
会
与
文
化
入
门
练
习

Book1

Exercise One
（
Book1 Unit1
）

Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.

Arthur was legendary hero supposed to have fought against the Saxons.

Romans
invaded
Britain
in
43,
and
the
only
area
they
did
not
subdue
therein
was
Scotland.

most important part of the UK in wealth is England.

were
ironworkers,
practiced
farmers
and
they
drained
much
of
the
marshlands
and
built
houses.
But
they
didn't
speak
Anglo
Sanxon
English.
They
have
their
own
language.

real Roman conquest of Britain began in 43AD.

English are mainly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.

was the national hero during the fighting against Danes.

Channel separate Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.

was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day of 1066.

population of the UK consist of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish.

, Duke of Normandy, is now known as William the Conqueror.

occupies the northern portion of Great Britain.

is the capital of Scotland.

is mainly spoken in Scotland.

14th century, Wales was effectively united with England.

Exercise Two
（
Book1 Unit3
）

the
English
Civil
War,
the
“
Roundhead
”

supported
Oliver
Cromwell,
while
the
“
cavalier
”
supported Charles I.

in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen(The Sovereign),
the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

House of Commons is the source of real political power in the United Kingdom.

Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.

spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king.

l clung to the theory of the
“
Divine Right of Kings
”
.

Prime Minister of Britain was appointed by Queen.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by the Monarch,
but ruled by the government.

real power of the House of Lords lies in discussing bills.

Exercise Three
（
Book1 Unit4
）

general election is held normally every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of Brirain.
（
p50
）

the
help
of
DECC,
the
UK
Low
Carbon
Transition
Plan
was
published
by
the
UK
goverment.
（
p56
）

majority of the working lords in the House of Lords are life peers, who earned their
titles through their outstanding achievement.
（
p58
）

the House of Commons is a
“
vote of no confidence
”
decided.
（
p50
）

the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if
he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast.
（
p50
）

Labour Party is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.
（
p52
）

.
Margaret
Thatcher,
a
Conservative
Party
leader
in
1980s,
believed
Privatization;
the
keeping
of
law
and
order;
self-reliance.
Except the strengthening
of the trade
unions.

Thatcher
carried
out
the
economic
policy
of
privatization
to
revitalize
British
economy in the 1980s.

change in England came mainly through gradual reform.

Exercise Four
（
Book1 Unit11
）

far
as
the
religion
is
concerned,
people
in
Northern
Ireland
who
are
loyal to the British goverment are mainly Protestants, while people in
the Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.

'
language
survived
through
history
and
Irish
is
the
first
official
language of the Republic of Ireland.

was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.

1800,
Irish
parliament
was
voted
out
of
existence.
The
Act
of
Union
was signed, and Ireland was officially a part of Brirain.

1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by
Isac Butt.

ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.

Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century.

bought a legal system-the Brehon law, to the island of Ireland.

Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914.

political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.

the Celtic Brehon law, women were given more rights in Ireland than in
the British colonial period.

Book1 Unit15

first group of English were brought in Australia as convicts in 1788 by the First
Fleet.

Dreaming is the oldest religion on Australia.

, kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia continent.

was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th centry.

Dreaming is the most enduring religion in Australia today.
（
p246
）

first
industries
that
were
developed
after
the
settlement
were
the
sealing
industries.

original natives of Australia are the Aborigines.

the policy of assimilation, children were taken away from their parents to be placed
in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the
“
protected reserves
”
.

Book1 Unit16

is one of the many forms of Protestantism.
（
p258
）

of sports in Australia are high particularly in both water sports and team sports.

,
Islam,
Hinduism
and
Judaism
are
the
major
forms
of
non-Christian
religions
in
Australia except Catholicism.

most popular sport in Australia is football.

Book2

Exercise 5
（
Unit1
）

the north, a series of large lakes were formed by huge glaciers.
（
F
）
（
p3
）

most of New Zealand's forest has been turned into golf course.
（
F
）
（
p4
）

New Zealand, you can see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.
（
F
）
（
p4
）

Maori live on rural areas.
（
F
）
（
p8
）

Europeans
came
to
New
Zealand,
Maori
had
had
their
own
written
languages
and
recorded their history in written form.
（
F
）
（
p10
）

1642 the Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed Eiropean discovery of
New Zealand.
（
F
）
（
p10
）

Zealand's
highest
peak
is
Mount
Cook
in
the
mountain
range
called
the
central
Southern Alps.
（
p3
）

Zealand consists of two main lands: North Island and South Island.
（
p3
）

Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in the center, runs almost the whole length of the South
Island.
（
p3
）

is the capital of New Zealand.
（
p4
）

three-quarters of the population (including more than 95% of the Maori) live on the
North Island.
（
p6
）

first European to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.
（
p10
）

Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people
and the British Crown.
（
p10
）

the
first
environmental
legislation
in
the
world,
the
Resource
Management
Act
focuses on the effect of human activities on the environment.
（
p6
）

, the country's largest urban area, is located on the North Island.
（
p6
）

1975,
the
Waitangi
Tribunal
was
estabilished
to
address
past
wrongs
and
Maori
grievances.
（
p9
）

Unit3

Columbus discovered America in the year of 1947.
（
F
）
（
p33
）

1607,Britain
planted
its
firat
colony,
Jamestown,
in
what
is
now
Virginia.
（
T
）
（
p35
）

second
President
John
Adams
completed
the
Louisiana
Purchasr,
which
more
than
doubled the size of the United States.
（
F
）
（
p47
）

Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd President of US, made the
Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

5.
“
All
men
are
created
equal
”

is
from
the
document
called
The
Declaration
of
Independence.
（
p42
）

Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United
States and granted the new nation all the territory north of Florida, South of Canada
and east of Mississipi river.
（
p42
）

principal author of The Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.

important
thing
done
in
the
Second
Continental
Congress
was
that
Washington
was
appointed commander of the army.
（
p42
）

continental
states
are
there
at
the
time
of
independence
of
the
United
States.
（
p42
）

Calvin is the man whose teaching develop into Puritanism.
（
p33
）

Exercise Six

Unit4

president is elected directly by the voters of the nation (all the citizens of the
US).

practice of judicial review, an important feature of the American legal system is a
crucial weapon in the hands of Congress.
（
F
）
（
p55
）

to the principle of checks and balances, the president has to share power with the
legislative and the judiciary branches.
（
T
）
（
p55
）

of the bills introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes law.
（
F
）
（
p54
）

American government has always been playing an unimportant role in the development
of American economy.
（
F
）
（
p57
）

can override the president's veto by a two-thirds vote.

all federal judges, the Supreme Court justices, are appointed by the president and
confirmed by the Senate.
（
p54
）

role
of
American
presidents
includes
command
the
armed
forces,
negotiate
and
sign
treaty and appoint certain personnel except pass law.