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性的英语美国文学史选读1

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2021-01-19 18:30
tags:

罗帐-性的英语

2021年1月19日发(作者:strap)
History And Anthology of American Literature (Volume

)

美国文学史及选读
1

Part

The Literature of Colonial America
殖民主义时期的文学


1. 17
世纪早期
English and European explorers
开始 登陆美洲。在他们
之前
100
多年
Caribbean
Islands,
Mexico
and
other
Parts
of
South
America
已被
the Spanish
占领。


2. 17th
早期
English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(
弗吉尼亚
和马萨诸塞
)< br>开始了美国历史


3.







(earliest
settlers)included
Dutch
,Swedes
,Germans
,Freunch
,Spaniards
,Italians
and
Portugueses
(
荷兰人 ,瑞典人,德国人,法国人,西班牙人,意大利人及葡萄牙
人等
)



4.









the
narratives
and
journals
of
these
settlements
采用
in diaries and in journals(
日记和日志
)


他们写关于
the land with dense forests and deep
-
blue lakes and rich soil.

5.
第一批美国永久居民:
the
first
permanent
English
settlement
in
North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(
北美弗吉
尼亚詹姆斯顿
)



6.




·



Captai n
John
Smith




(reports
of
exploration)17th
早期出版,被认为是美国第一部真

正意义上的文学
作品
in
the
early
1600s,have
been
described
as
the
first
distinctly
American
literature
written
in
English.
他讲述了
filled
with
themes,
myths, images, scenes, character and events,
吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前

lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.

7.
美国第一位作家:
1608

Captain John Smith
写了封信《自殖民地
第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事

件的真实介绍》

A
True
Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened
in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony

.

8.
他的第二本书
1612
年《弗吉尼亚地图,附:一个乡村的描述》

A
Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country

.

9.
他一共出版了八本书,其中有关于新 英格兰的历史及描述。其破
产后做为向导
sought a post as guide to the Pilgrims.

1624
年《弗吉
尼亚通史》

General History of Virginia

,
讲述了传奇故事
how the Indian
princess Pocahontas(
波卡洪特斯
)saved him.

10.
他保存了殖民者在
Jamestown
早期开荒史及
explored
the
rivers
and bays around the Chesapeake region(
切萨皮克

地区
)
,最重要的是
he saw from the beginning what was eventually to be a basic principle of
American history, the need of

workers

instead of

gentlemen

for
the tough job of planting colonies and pushing the frontiers westward.
11.
早期新英格兰文学主要关于
theological,
moral,
historical
and
political.

12.
清教徒坚韧耐劳,严格遵守教义
the
Puritans
in
New
England
embraced hardships, together with the discipline of a harsh church
想建
立神权社会
found
a
theocracy ,
他们生活简朴,意志坚定,我行我素,
不屈不挠地斗争
they
had
toughness,
purpose
and
character,
they
grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves.
他们的基本价值
观;注重勤劳,节俭,虔诚和节制
hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety
这些也成了早期美国作品主导思想。

一、
William Bradford and John Winthrop
威廉·
布拉德福德和约翰·

思罗普


普利茅斯第一任首长:
William Bradford;

波斯顿第一任首长:

John Winthrop.

1


William Bradford:
《普利茅斯开发历史》

The History of Plymouth
Plantation
”文章从
1630
年开始写起
an account of the small group of
Puritans who migrated from England to Amsterdam and then to the New
Wold.
文字简洁,认真负责,直接叙述,可读性强
simplicity
and
earnestness of the book, with its direct reporting, make it readable and
moving. 1637
年他用简单的律诗对自己一生写了个总结,
后来科登·

瑟写道:< br>他是众人之福,
也是众人之父

a common blessing and father
to them all



2


John Winthrop:
《新英格兰历史》

The History of New E ngland

.1630
年登上“阿贝亚”

Arbella
to
Massachusetts
并开始写日记
keep
a
journal
and
to
the
rest
of
his
life.1826
年正式出版
is
notable
for
its
candid simplicity and honesty. 3


他们并不出于创作需要而是记录历
史,< br>但却运用了直接生动的散文格式使文章成为了好的文学作品

the
need
to
record
important
events
in
permanent
form.
Yet,
through
a
direct and vigorous prose style, each account literary excellence.


4


清教徒(
Puritan

:
就是要净化他们的宗教信仰和行为方式,要纯洁自己信仰的人
Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs
and practices, The Puritan was

Would
-
be purifier

.
总认为自己是上
帝选民
looked upon themselves as a chosen people.
对他们的生活方式
提出异议就是反对上帝旨意
anyone
who
challenged
their
way
of
life
was opposing God

s Will and was not to be accepted.
对自己的信仰视
之如命,
对别人信仰不能容忍
they were zealous in defense of their own
beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of others.
制定法律限制个人
生活行为
made laws about private morality as well as public behavior

桑称他们为“黑眉毛的古板的清教徒”

stern
and
black
-
browed
Puritans

.

二、
John Cotton and Roger Williams
约翰·科登和罗杰·威廉姆斯


1


John
Cotton
第一批知识分子代言人,称为“新英格兰教父”
the
Patriarch of New England

. 1633
年到
Boston
开始一直是这社区精神
导师,
他所宣讲 的由宗教来统治国家的神权思想直接影响了当时人们
的行为

he was the

teacher

(spiritual leader) of the community and its
guiding
influence
toward
the
ideal
of
theocracy(a
state
ruled
by
the
church)
他的影响主要通过教堂讲坛来完成
his
primary
influence
was
through
the
pulpit.
听众对他深信不疑。他们清教徒强调权威,忽视


they
were
much
more
concerned
with
authority
than
with
democracy.

2


Roger Williams:1631

came to the Massachusetts
后被放逐到现
罗德岛
Rhode Island

对不同意见者并不赞同对

其迫害而是屈服与容
忍,
他认为行为上的德,
信仰上的诚并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何
行事的权力,
没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意

the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did
not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no
political
order
or
church
system
could
identify
itself
directly
with
God.
他对印第安语言非常感兴趣
Indian language.
他写过
《开启 美国语言的
钥匙》
或也叫做
《美洲新英格兰部分土着居民语言指南》

A Key into the
Language of America


or

A Help to the language of the Natives in That
Part of America Called New England




三、
Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor
安妮·
布莱德斯特和爱德华·




这两位清教徒写的诗达到相当高水平,真正能称得上是诗作。

1


Anne Dudley Bradstreet
是早期诗人中最风趣的诗人之一
one of the
most
interesting
of
the
early
poets.
1630




Arbella


Massachusetts.
她的文学创作在抚养八个子女家庭劳作繁 重劳动下进
行的。


2


她的第一部作品由她的姐夫交给伦敦出版商,
the
title
of
this
collection of poems, in classical allusion(
用比喻的方


)

《在美洲诞生
的第十个谬斯》

The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
”诗歌中
传奇故事有点言过其实,但对日常琐事叙述相当高超
poetic ventures
were overambitious but wrote well when dealt with the simple events of
her daily life.

3


Edward Taylor:
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位
the best of the Puritan
poets
他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出

诗人风格和形式
his
work followed they style and forms of the leading English poets of the
mid
-
seventeenth
century
。他大部分作品 关于宗教的,大部分诗歌直
接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的
most of Taylor

s work treated religious
themes, with many poems based directly on the Psalms.
在世时没出版
过作品,
1937
年发现手稿,
19 60
年泰勒诗歌全集。



Part


The
Literature
of
Reason
And
Revolution
理性和革命时期文



1


托马斯·佩因《常识》

Thomas Paine

s

Common Sense

;


托马斯·杰弗逊《独立宣言》

Thomas
Jefferson

Declaration
of
Independence



2


在经济方面,英国要求美出口原材料,后从英国购回高成本的机

they hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw
materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the
cost of making them in this country.

3


在政治方面,要求他们归英国政府统一管理,交各种税收但在议
会中却没有代表
by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the
colonies without giving them representation in Parliament.

4


美独立战争持续了八年

1776
-
1783

T he War for Independence.

亚·韦伯斯特(
Noah
Webster
)说:文化上的独立,艺术上的着名。

5
.文学上独立的代表作:

1785
年杰弗逊:
《弗吉尼 亚洲的声明》
Jefferson

s

Notes on the State of Virginia

; 1791
年巴特姆:
《旅行
笔记》


Travels


by Bartram


一、
Benjamin Franklin
本杰明·富兰克林
1706
-
1790

殖民地时期作家。独立战争前惟一的杰出的美国作家
in
the
colonial
period, the only good American author before the Revolutionary War.

助杰弗逊起草独立宣言和美国宪法
aided
Jefferson
in
writing

The
Declaration of Independence

and Constitution.

1


其还是美国第一位主要作家
the first major writer
非凡表达 能力,
简洁明了,
有点幽默,
还是一位讽刺天才
as an author he had power of
expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.

2


教材作品《自传》

The Autobiography






二、
Thomas Paine
托马斯·佩因(
1737
-
1809



1


被称为“人类最平凡的人“

Great Commoner of Mankind

.
美国
着名政治小册子作家pamphleteer.
是政治讽刺的天才
a
political
satirist of genius.

2


《美国危机》

American Crisis


signed

Common Sense


was
a series of sixteen pamphlets.
这些册子在部队中被广泛传 阅,
极大恢复
士气鼓舞民兵斗志,增强胜利信心
was read at once to all regiments, it
restored the morale and inspired the success of that citizen

s army

.

3


教材作品:
《美国危机》


The American Crisis

.


三、
Thomas Jeffer son
托马斯·杰弗逊(
1743
-
1826



1


美国历史上最为广泛影响人物
his
thought
and
personality
have
influenced his countryman more deeply and remained more effectively
alive.














vigorous
humanitarian
sympathies.
启蒙运动的产物
a
product
of
the
Enlightenment,
对各领域
都有兴趣:
law, philosophy, education, science, mechanics

..

2


尽全力为美国寻找一条自由、自我之路:
where the people might
have a fresh start toward liberty, selfhood.
作为

人文主义都他注重人
本身的德行和能力,
不看重世俗中特权
a humanist looked to merit and
ability
alone,
not
to
privilege
法律保障每个人与生俱来的权利
the
natural
rights
of
man
must
be
secured
by
law
inalienably
for
all,
irrespective
of
station
政 府是一个必要的魔鬼,政府在普遍赞同下才
合法,其目的是为个人谋福利,而不是压榨与剥削人民。政府 须为民
提供言论、
思想、
结社、
出版、
信仰、
教育和创业等 自由
.government,
a necessary evil, found sanction only in the common consent of a social
contract,
its
purpose
was
the
benefit
of
the
individual,
not
his
exploitation;
it
must
provide
freedom
of
speech,
thought,
association,
press, worship, education, and enterprise.

3


教材作品:
《独立宣言》
(1776

7

4

)


The
Declaration
of
Independence





四、
Philip Freneau
菲利浦·弗瑞诺(
1752
-
1832



1


革命战争后期最杰出作家
perhaps the most outstanding writer of
the
Post
-
Revolutionary
period
既是一位诗人也是

政治方面的新闻记

double role as poet and political journalist.
作品形式是新古典主义类,
但本质上却属浪漫主义类
he was neoclassical by training and taste yet
romantic in essential spirit
。一个讽刺小说家、伤感作家、一个人道主
义者
was
also
at
once
a
satirist
of
the
British
and
a
sentimentalist,
a
humanitarian.
“美国革命诗人”

the poet of the Revolution

;
“美国
诗歌之父”

Father of American Poetry

.

2


他如今被认为是美国政府中的一名勇敢的斗士
has
only
recently
been
recognized
as
a
courageous
champion
of
American
popular
government.
作为诗人,他预示了美国文学独立的到来
as
a
poet,
Freneau
heralded
American
literary
independence
他后期诗歌同早期
华丽的对偶句诗歌形成鲜明对比,后期 形成了自然、简洁、言之有物
的风格
in
contrast
with
the
ornate
style
of
his
early
couplets,
he
later
developed a natural, simple, and concrete diction.

3


作品:
《野忍冬花》



The Wild Honey Suckle







《印第安人的坟地》



The Indian Burying Ground







《致凯提·迪德》



To a Caty
-
Did




Part


The Literature of Romanticism
浪漫主义文学


1.
1828
年安德鲁·杰克逊当选
7th
总统,标志着“美国总统中,弗
吉尼亚王朝的结束”

the
frontier
hero
Andrew
Jackson
as
the
7th
President
of
the
United
States
had
brought
an
effective
end
to
the

Virginia Dynasty


of American Presidents. 1861
年开始
Civil War.

罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语


罗帐-性的英语



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