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samen基础提升考研真题阅读每日一篇(24)(2013.3.30)

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2021-01-19 18:32
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游侠骑士-samen

2021年1月19日发(作者:高迪诺)

2002 T
ext 4



The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted
suicide
carry important implications
for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.



Although it ruled that there is no
constitutional
right to physician-assisted suicide, the
Court
in
effect
supported
the
medical
principle
of

effect,

centuries-old
moral
principle
holding
that
an
action
having
two
effects


a
good
one
that
is
intended
and
a
harmful one that is
foresee
n


is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of
morphine
to
control
terminally
ill
patients'
pain,
even
though
increasing
dosages
will
eventually
kill
the
patient.

Nancy Dubler
, director of Montefiore Medical Center
, contends that the principle will shield
doctors
who

now
have
very,
very
strongly
insisted
that
they
could
not
give
patients
sufficient

mediation
to control their pain if that might hasten death.



George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University,
maintain
s that, as
long as a doctor
prescribe
s a drug for a
legitimate
medical purpose, the doctor has done
nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.
don't
call
those
deaths
homicide
s
because
the
doctors
didn't
intend
to
kill
their
patients,
although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as
long as you don't intend their suicide.



On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide
debate
has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has
prolonged the physical agony of dying.



Just
three
weeks
before
the
Court's
ruling
on
physician-assisted
suicide,
the
National
Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care
at
the
End
of
Life.
It
identifies
the
undertreatment
of
pain
and
the
aggressive
use
of

ineffectual
and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period
of dying



The
profession
is
taking
steps
to
require
young
doctors
to
train
in
hospice
s,
to
test
knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for
hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end
of life.



Annas
says
lawyers
can
play
a
key
role
in
insisting
that
these
well-meaning
medical
initiatives translate into better care.
pain their patients are needlessly and
predictably
suffering,

systematic
patient abuse.
... that painful
deaths are presumptively ones that are
incompetently
managed and should result in license
suspension.

56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ________.


[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain



[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives



[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician- assisted suicide



[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?



[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.



[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.



[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.



[D] A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

58. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ________.


[A] prolonged medical procedures



[B] inadequate treatment of pain



[C] systematic drug abuse



[D]
insufficient
hospital care

59. Which of the following best
define
s the word



[A] Bold.



[B] Harmful.



[C] Careless.



[D]
Desperate
.

60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ________.


[A] manage their patients incompetently



[B] give patients more medicine than needed



[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients



[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients



试题解析:

56.
[B]

此题的难度合适
0.501
,区分度好。



在文章第二段中有这么一句话:
Although
it
ruled
that
there
is
no
constitutional
right
to
physician- assisted suicide

意思是:
尽管裁决认为,
宪法没有赋予 医生帮助病人自杀的权利。
也就是
说,
医生使用安乐死之类的助死法是违法的。
因此请看
B
选项,
刚好符合文章。
至于
A
选项,
有不少人
选了,估计是看到第三段中
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high
doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will
eventually kill the patient.
然而这句话的意思是 :
近年来,医生们一直在借用这项原则,为自己替病危
患者注射大剂量的吗啡镇痛的做法提供正 当的理由。

A
选项的意思是,
医生曾经为了控制病人的病情
增加药 的剂量。仔细想一下,是有区别的。原文的意思是医生注射大剂量的吗啡镇痛,而题目的意思是
医生增加 药的剂量。
两者的区别虽然不明显,
但是肯定不相同。
因此排除
A

然后是
C
选项,
原文中没
有提到,只是说目前在讨论,但是没有说强 烈反对。然后是
D
选项,原理上就不对,病人自杀和法律
,
权利有什么关系< br>...
管天管地,管不了我上吊自尽~~~

57.
[C]



此题的难度合适
0.546
,区分度好
0.276




这是一道总括性的题,需要以文章中的多处信息为线索。这些信息较多地集中在文 章的前三段:

管在医生帮助下的自杀是不合法的,但是最高法院认为只要医生的本意是为了减 轻病人的痛苦,
那么他
们使用大剂量的镇痛药就是允许的。第二段中:
a
centuries-old
moral
principle
holding
that
an
action having two effects


a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen


is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
意思是:这个存在了好几个世纪的道德
原则认为,如果某种行为具 有双重效果(希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果)
,那么,只要行
为实施只是想达到好 的效果,这个行为就是可以允许的。因此可以看出,法律是允许医生使用高剂量药
剂的。因此和
C
选项相符。请看
A
选项,这个选项明显是为那些喜欢主观判断的同学准备的陷阱,如

游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen


游侠骑士-samen



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