大众翻译2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

2021年1月19日发(作者：宿舍)
2018
年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections
：
After reading the passage below
，

fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the
blanks with a given word
，
fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word
；

for the other blanks
，
use one word that best fits each blank.

1.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?

Booklovers, most of them, will tell you
（
1
）
______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to
a friend
—
the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made
you feel
（
2
）
______ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed
that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book
or magazine for your r
eading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.

But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle,
electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm
（
3
）
_____ _
（
press
）
on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your
Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks,
（
4
）
_____ _
（
use
）
any device with the
Barnes & amp; Noble e-
book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e
-book
readers.
The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like
with Kindle. The difference is
（
5
）
______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color
touch screen,
（
6
）
______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black
whe
n you’re not using it so that you save power.

（
7
）
______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on
previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection
（
8
）
______（
read
）
whole e-books at
Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None
of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.

But the Nook, ironically,
（
9
）
______
（
turn out
）
to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble,
or at least a job-
loser for Barnes and Noble’s employee
s. According to Marian Maneker at
The Big Money Website,
（
10
）
______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the
company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.

【答案】

（
1
）
what,
（
2
）
as if/ though,
（
3
）
pressed,
（
4
）< br>using,
（
5
）
that,
（
6
）which,
（
7
）
Another,
（
8
）
to read,
（
9
）
has turned out/turns out,
（
10
）
if
【考点】

固定用法

高三

说明文语法填空

句子基础知识

动词时态

代词

表语从句

试卷第
1
页，总
17
页

非限制性定语从句

状语从句

过去分词

动名词

从属连词

【解析】

本文属于说明文阅读，主要介绍了一种新的电子书阅读器
NooK
。

【解答】

（
1
）
what
考查感叹句的引导词。引导以名词开头的感叹句
a pleasure it is to lend a
favorite read to a friend-the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of
用
what
，表示
“
多么
”
。

（
2
）
as if/ though
考查表语从句。引导
that made you feel
的表语从句
you yourself were
on a train ride through India
。表示
“
好像
”
，用
as if/ though
。

（
3
）
pressed
考查非谓语动词。做
have their latest literary enthusiasm
的补语，用过去
分词
pressed
，表示
“
让某事被做
”
。

（
4
）
using
考查非谓语动词。做
You simply email the book from your Nook and your
friend can read it for two weeks
的方式状语，用现在分词
using
。

（
5
）
that
考查表语从句的引导词。引导
The difference is
的表语从句，
on the lower part
of the device there’s a color touch screen
用
that
，
that
不做句子成分，没有实际的含义。

（
6
）
which
考查非限制性定语从句。代指先行词
a color touch screen
，用
which
引导非
限制性定语从句
allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when
you’re not using it so that
you save power.
。

（
7
）
Another
考查不定代词。和上面两个特点并列，用
Another
修饰
exciting thing
about the Nook
，表示
“
另外一个
”
。

（
8
）
to read
考查动词不定式。做
Customers in the United States can use the Internet
connection
的目的状语，用动词不定式
to read
。

（
9
）
has turned out/turns out
考查动词时态。本文介绍的是现在的事，所以谓语动词
用现在完成时态
has turned out
或者一般现在时态
turns out
，表示
“
结果是
”
。

（
10
）
if
考查状语从句的引导词。表示
“
如 果
”
，引导条件状语从句
the Nook is
successful
，用
if
。

Section B Directions
：
Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.
Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.


Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only
once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. branch B. department C. appropriate D. expansion E. withdrew F. dominated G.
licensed H. contract I. considerable J. brands K. breakthrough
Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk Market

European dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers
as a business partner for its
（
1
）
______ in China
—
a clear sign that overseas companies are
starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.

Arla signed the cooperation
（
2
）
______, which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu
Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North
China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can
be seen as a new
（
3
）
______ for Multinational’s re
-entry into the sector.
试卷第
2
页，总
17
页

Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create
（
4
）
______ profits in domestic milk
market, especially the liquid- milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and
dominated by local
（
5
）
______
—
companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have
quitted dairy production in China.
A few have been successful
—
Nestle, Intel, Bristo
—
Myers Squibb and Wyeth have
（
6
）
______ the high-end milk- formula market in China.

（
7
）
______ time,
the Dutch firm Friesland said when it
（
8
）
______ its investment in its Tianjin joint venture
last year after eight years.
The company has
（
9
）
______ its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand
and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady
Calcimex in the Chinese market through its
（
10
）
______ company in Hong Kong.
【答案】

D,H,K,I,J,F,C,E,G,A
【考点】

高三

名词基础

说明文语法填空

动词时态

形容词基础

过去分词

【解析】

本文主要介绍了国外品牌奶粉向中国市场扩张 ，像惠氏在中国高端奶粉市场已经占据
了主导地位。

【解答】

（
1
）
D
考查名词。句子介词
for
后跟名词， 根据句意：外企业开始通过捆绑当地球员
培养巨大的中国乳品市场扩张的商业伙伴。
expan sion
是名词
“
扩张，扩展
”
。

（
2
）
H
考查名词。根据句意：
Arla
签署了 本月生效的合作联系人。
contact
是名词
“
联
系人
”
。

（
3
）
K
考查名词。根据句意：阿尔食品和 蒙牛之间的交易可以被看作是跨国公司重新
进入该行业的新突破。
breakthrough< br>是名词
“
突破
”
。

（
4
）
I
考查形容词。分析句子可知此处用形容词修饰名词。根据 句意：许多国外巨头
发现国内牛奶市场难以创造可观利润
considerable
形 容词
“
相当大的
”
。

（
5
）
J
考查名词。这里指的是品牌企业，如
Danone brand
是名词
“
品牌
”
。

（
6
）
F
考查动词。句意：惠氏在中国高端奶粉市场已经占据了主 导地位。
dominated
是动词
“
控制
”
的过去分词。

（
7
）
C
考查形容词。分析句子可知此处填形容词做定 语，修饰
time
。根据句意：将密
切关注市场，并在适当的时间重新投资。
appropriate
形容词
“
合适的
”
。

（
8
）
E
考查动词。根据句意：该公司去年在天津合资企业撤资。
withdrew
是动词
withdraw
的过去分词
“
撤 销，退回
”
。

（
9
）
G
考查动词。根 据句意：该公司已授权其中国合作伙伴继续经营。
licensed
是动
词
l icense
的过去分词
“
许可，颁发执照
”
。

（
10
）
A
考查名词。在中国市场通过其在香港的分公司。
branch
是名词
“
分支，分公
司
”
。

试卷第
3
页，总
17
页

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections
：
For each blank in the following
passage there are four words or phrases marked A
，
B
，
C and D. Fill in each blank
with the word or phrase that best fits the context.


Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence
（能力）
. The idea that
lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in
behavioral terms, and then
（
1
）
______ whether a person has succeeded in meeting that
task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and
achieving competence is a good one or not.
（
2
）
______, it is a debatable one. Humans do
not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the
（
3
）
______ of competence. Take
the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of
“barista”
（
4
）
______ a degree of skill in making coffee. However, baristas in large coffee chains are usually
trained through
（
5
）
______ qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a
cup of coffee to meet a(n)
（
6
）
______ standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste
and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such
an approach to training baristas does not
（
7
）
______.
First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary
（二次元的）
（
8
）
______. The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they
happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-
based training does not reward outstanding performance.
（
9
）
______, producing the worst
cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In
fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all-only the final
binary outcome.
Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain
（
10
）
______, competence is not
interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that
（
11
）
______
produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which
（
12
）
______ through learning.
Yet we are increasingly forced to
（
13
）
______ competence in our schools and workplaces.
We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true
human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be
（
14
）
______ and special.
Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such
things simply cannot be
（
15
）
______ by the standard of competence where the mediocre
（平凡的）
is the gold standard.

（
1
）

on
t
e
m

（
2
）

a rule
a whole
other words
fact

（
3
）

sion
t

pment

（
4
）

试卷第
4
页，总
17
页

ts
s

（
5
）

y-based
-based
re-based
ence-based
es
ts

（
6
）

m
ional

（
7
）



（
8
）

nge
e

（
9
）

ore

（
10
）

ent
rd

（
11
）

lly
y

（
12
）



（
13
）



（
14
）



（
15
）


【答案】

C
D
B
A
D
A
B
C

ational


ance
ce
d
er

ption

onally


fy
er
le
ve
ed
ed
试卷第
5
页，总
17
页


se
t
e

ted
D
C
B
A
D
C
A
【考点】

固定用法

高三

副词的辨析

动词辨析

动词基础

形容词辨析

社会文化

说明文完形

名词辨析

【解析】

作者质疑目前衡量能力的标准，认为这是一个 有争议的概念。之后作者以咖啡师制作
咖啡为例，说明所谓的标准都是二次元的结果，不能说明能力问题 。人不是机器，身
心都会随着学习而变化。通过创新学习以及失败来达成目的，是比较好的。而那些平< br>均能力的标准根本不能衡量人的能力。

【解答】

（
1
）
C
考查动词辨析。
A. question
质问；
B. predict
预测；
C. measure
衡量；
D. confirm
证实。根据下文
We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring
and achieving competence is a good one or not.
可知能力背后的想法很简单：可以说出人
们应该以什么 样行为的方式去做，然后衡量一个人是否成功地完成了这项任务，故答
案为
C
。

（
2
）
D
考查固定用法。
A. As a rule
作为规定；
B. As a whole
总的来说；
C. In other
words
总之；
D. In fact
事实上。根据前文
We rarely have a second thought about whether
the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.
（
2
）
______, it is a
debatable one.
可知事实上，这是充满争论的，故答案为
D
。

（
3
）
B
考查名词辨析。根据前文
Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of
comp etence.
可知人类学习或工作是不能用能力概念来衡量的，故答案为
B
。

（
4
）
A
考查动词辨析。根据
The job title of“barista”
（
4
）
______ a degree of skill in
making coffee.
可知
“咖啡师
”
的职称表明了一定的咖啡制作技巧，故答案为
A
。

（
5
）
D
考查形容词辨析。根据下文
as competence-based training does not reward
outstanding performance.
可知，然而，大型咖啡连锁店的咖啡师通 常通过基于能力的资
格进行培训，故答案为
D
。

（
6
）
A
考查形容词辨析。
A. minimum
最小化的；
B. unique
独一无二的；
C. traditional
传统的；
D. international
国际的。根据
One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup
of coffee to meet a(n)
（
6
）
______ standard.
可知这些资格测试的一部分是制作达到最低
标准一杯咖啡，故答案为
A
。

（
7
）
B
考查动词辨析。根据
This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two
reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not
（
7
）
______.
可知这 看起来可
能是完全合理的，但有两个原因说明这种培训咖啡师的方法不起作用，故答案为
B。

（
8
）
C
考查名词辨析。根据下文
only the final binary outcome可知一杯咖啡达到一定
标准的是一个二元的结果，故答案为
C
。

试卷第
6
页，总
17
页

（
9
）
D
考查副词的辨析。根据下文
producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in
the same way as producing a cup just below the standar d.
可知同样，制作最差的一杯咖啡
就像制作一个低于标准的咖啡一样失败，故答案为
D
。

（
10
）
C
考查名词辨析。根据前文
The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain
standard or they cannot.
可知，其次，如果咖啡师确实按照某种标准生产咖啡，故答案
为
C
。

（
11
）
B
考查副词的辨析。
A. typically
典型地；
B. simply
简单地；
C. cheaply
便宜地；
D.
occasionally
偶尔地。根据
But humans are not machines that
（
11
）
______ produce
binary outcomes.
可知但人类不是简单地产生二元结果的机器，故答案为B
。

（
12
）
A
考查动词辨析。根据
We have bodies and minds which
（
12
）
______ through
learni ng.
可知，我们有身体和思想可以通过学习而改变，故答案为
A
。

（
13
）
D
考查动词辨析。根据前文
We rarely have a second thought about whether the
idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.
可知，然而，我们越来
越被迫在我们的学校和工作场合去实现胜任能力 ，故答案为
D
。

（
14
）
C
考查形容词辨析。
A.
common
常见的；
B.
sociable
社会的；
C.
creative
创造的；
D. mature
成熟的。根据下文
Learning and innovation
可知，如果我们 想在我们的学习
和工作场所成为真正的人，我们需要有创意和特别之处，故答案为
C
。

（
15
）
A
考查动词辨析。根据
Such things simply cannot be
（
15
）
______ by the standard
of competence where the mediocre
（平凡的）
is the gold standard.
可知，那 些平均能力
的标准根本不能衡量人的能力，故答案为
A
。

Section B Directions
：
Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed
by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A
，
B
，
C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the
information given in the passage you have just read.

William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of
musicians
．
In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later
composer and conductor
．
In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a
singer
．
In their spare time the brother
﹣
sister team became occupied in
astronomy
．
William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th, 1822, and
Caroline on September 1st, 1848
．


Herschel’
s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation
（绕轴自转）
．
Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the
planet Uranus
（天王星）
while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax
（恒
星视差）
．
This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until
then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world
﹣
famous
．
Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium
Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III
．
The trick worked once again, as
King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and
“Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”,

an honor which came with a life’s pension for
both
．
In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point
on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy
．
The Herschels
went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787
．

While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was
试卷第
7
页，总
17
页

quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun
．

Inspired by Wilson’s
1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into
the nineteenth century
．
In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum
（太阳光
谱）
, and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible
spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared
（红外线）
．
In 1801, he published two
papers that effectively
started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather
．


（
1
）
Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by________
．

ering the planet Uranus
．

ining stellar parallax
．

ering two moons of Uranus
．

ring the evidence for the infrared
．


（
2
）
It can be inferred from the passage that George III________
．

science and technology
．

Herschel’s naming of the new planet
．

interested in astronomy
．

Herschel a lot of useful suggestions
．


（
3
）
What do we know about Caroline from the passage
？
________
was successful in music
．

was titled “The King’s Astronomer”
．

died later than her brother
．

published two papers
．


（
4
）
This passage mainly tells readers________
．

information about Herschel and his sister
．

Herschel and his sister discovered the planet Uranus
．

el and Caroline got along well with each other
．

el and Caroline’s major scientific publications
．

【答案】

A
B
C
A
【考点】

阅读理解综合

【解析】

本文是一篇人物故事类阅读，文章主要介 绍了威廉
?
赫歇尔于
1738
年
11
月
15
日出生
在一个音乐家家庭．
1757
年，他逃到英国，开始以风琴手和后来的作曲家 和指挥家的
身份谋生．
1772
年，他说服妹妹卡罗琳加入他的歌手行列．在业余时间 ，兄弟姐妹的
团队开始从事天文学．
1822
年
8
月
25< br>日，威廉在温莎的家中去世，
1822
年
9
月
1
日，
卡洛琳去世．

【解答】

（
1
）
A
．细节理解题．根据
“”Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars
and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation
（绕轴自转）
．
Herschel struck fame in 1781
，
when on
March 13th
，
he discovered the planet Uranus
（天王星）
while engaged in work aimed at
determining stellar parallax
（恒星视差）
．可知赫歇尔通过发现天王星，使自己闻名于
试卷第
8
页，总
17
页