珠海翻译英概名词解释

2021年1月19日发(作者：gladder)

1
、

British commonwealth
英联邦

British
commonwealth
is
an
intergovernmental
organisation
of
fifty-three independent member states.
The member states cooperate within a framework of common values and
goals .
The Commonwealth is not a political union,.
its members states have full autonomy
（自治权）
to manage their own
internal and external affairs.
The
King
or
Queen
of
Britain
is
considered
the
head
of
the
commonwealth.

2
、

Reformation
宗教改革

Reformation was the series of events in 16th- century England.
The
immediate
cause
for
the
Riligious
reformation
was
king
henry
Ⅷ
’
s
attempt to divorse his first wife, Catherine
（凯萨琳）

Hentry
Ⅷ
started
the
Reformation
movement
by
declaring
a
break
with
Rome.
In
1534
he
issued
the
Act
of
Supremacy,
and
declared
himself
to
be
the
“
only supreme head of the church of England
”
.
The Reformation was in essence a political movement in a religious
guise.
（伪装）


3
、

Act of supremacy
至尊法案

In 1534 King Henry VIII issued the Act of Supremacy, and declared
himself to be the
“
only supreme head of the church of England
”
.
it
was
made
clear
that
Parliament
was
not
granting
the
King
the
title
but rather it was stated as a recognized fact.
In the Act of Supremacy, Henry abandoned Rome completely.
He
then
went
on
to
found
a
new
church
called
Ecclesia
（教堂）
Anglicana.
He
appointed
himself
and
his
successors
as
the
supreme
rulers
of
this
new church.

4
、

Bank holiday
银行日

A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom.
There is no automatic right to time off(
休假
) on these days.
The
first
official
bank
holidays
were
the
four
days
named
in
the
Bank
Holidays Act 1871.
The very first Bank Holiday began in 1871 when banker(
银行家
) Henry
James
Earl
（
伯爵）
,
decided
to
take
the
first
Monday
in
May
off
work,
closing
his bank to the public.
5
、

Gunpowder plot
火药阴谋

the
Gunpowder
Plot
of
1605
was
a
failed
assassination
（暗杀）
attempt
against King James I.
The plan was to blow up
（爆发）
the House of Lords during the State
Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605.
The
plot
was
revealed
（透露）
to
the
authorities
in
an
anonymous
letter.

Details
of
the
assassination
attempt
were
allegedly
known
by
the
principal

Jesuit

of England,

Father

Henry Garnet
.

Many important and loyal Catholics retained high office during King
James I's reign.


6
、

Oxbridge
牛津和剑桥大学

Oxford
University
and
Cambridge
University
are
sometimes
referred
to
collectively as Oxbridge.
The
two
university
have
a
long
history
of
competion
with
each
other,as
they
are
the
two
oldest
nuiversities
in
Britain
and
rival(
竞争
)
each
other
in prestige
（威望）
.
the
term
is
now
used
to
refer
to
them
collectively(
共同地
),
often
with
implications
（含意）
of perceived superior social status.

Oxbridge

can
be
used
as
a
noun
referring
to
either
or
both
universities
or as an adjective describing them or their students.

7
、

Constitutional monarchy
君主立宪制

the

Glorious
Revolution

of
1688
led
to
a
constitutional
monarchy
restricted by laws.
the
King
ruled
with
an
authority
circumscribed
（限制）
by
Parliament.
Today
the
monarchy
in
Britain
is
politically
neutral
and
by
convention(
按照惯例
) the role is largely ceremonial.
Person
may
accept
significant
public
office
without
swearing
an

oath
（宣誓）
of allegiance
（效忠）
to the Queen.

8
、

Constitution of the UK
宪法

the
British
constitution
is
made
up
of
three
main
parts:
Statutory
Law
(
成文法
) ,Common Law, (
判例法
) and Convention.
（习惯法）

the
constitution
can
be
altered
or
amended
（
修
正
）

by
normal
parliamentary processes.
The
flexibility
(
灵活性
)
of
the
British
constitution
help
explain
why
it has developed so fully over the years.
The constitution is subject to interpretation
（解释）
by different
bodies, the most important being politicians, judges, and scholars.

9
、

Common law
习惯法，不成文法，判例法

Common law has never been precisely
（精确地）
defined.
It is deduced
（推断）
from custom or legal precedents
（判例）
and
interpreted in court cases by judges.
Commonlaw
is
law
developed
by

judges

through

decisions

of

courts

and
similar tribunals (
法院
) .
A

law
system
is
a

legal
system

that
gives
great
precedential
（有先例的）
weight to common law.


on
the
principle
that
it
is
unfair
to
treat
similar
facts
differently
on different occasions.

10
、

Privy council
枢密院

the
executive
branch
includes
the
Privy
Council,
serving
as
a
body
of
advisors, which has about 450 members.
They
consist
of
current
and
former
Cabinet
members
along
with
important
public figures in Britain and the commonwealth.
Formerly,the Privy Council was a powerful institution, but it is now
largely ceremonial.(
正式的
)
Most of its power is held by one of its committees, Cabinet.


11
、

House of Lords
上议院

The

House of Lords
is the

upper house

of the Britain
’
s
national

legislature.
The
House
of
Lords
as
an
upper
chamber
(
议院
)
has
the
primary
purpose
of scrutinising
（仔细检查）
Legislation.
The
main
legislative
function
of
the
House
of
Lords
is
to
examine
and
revise
（修正）
bill from the House of Conmons.
In
recent
years,
the
House
of
Lords
has
undergone
a
process
of
reform
to make it more democratic
（民主的）
and representative
（有代表性的）
.

12
、

House of commons
下议院

House of commons often reffered to the lower House,
is the center of parlimentary power.
the
leader
of
the
majority
party
in
the
House
of
Commons
usually
becomes
the prime minister.
It performs three functions

13
、

By election
候补选举

Usually a by-election occurs when the incumbent(
现任者
) has died or
resigned.
It
may
also
occur
when
the
incumbent
becomes
ineligiable(
不合格的
)
to
continue in office.
By-elections have also been called as a result of a constituency
election being invalidated(
无效，使作废
) by voting irregularities
。
（不
法行为）


14
、

Shadow cabinet
影子内阁


Shadow Cabinet is a senior group of opposition spokespeople
（发言
人）
of government who are together under the leadship of the leader of
the opposition.
whose
members

shadow

or
mark
each
individual
member
of
the
government.
Menbers of it are often but not always appointed to a Cabinet post
if and when their party gets into government.

15
、

Hung parliament
无法决定，悬浮议会


Hung
parliament
reffers
to
none
of
the
parties
achieves
the
326
seats
needed for an overall majority.
It
is
also
less
commonly
known
as
a
balanced
parliament

or
a
legislature under
no
overall control.
it is common for an election to be followed by negotiations leading
to a coalition(
联合
)

16
、

Danelaw
丹麦法区