raid什么意思曲阜师范大学高级英语1修辞

2021年1月19日发(作者：清秀)
Simile
明喻：常用
as
或
like
等词把具有共同 特征的两种不同事物连接起来进行比较。

1.

The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.
（
1.11
）

2.

The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.
（
1.13
）

3.

Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.
（
1.19
）

4.

Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti
over the roads.
（
1.28
）

5.

Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.
6.

Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.
7.

Most
Americans
remember
Mark
Twain
as
the
father
of
Huck
Finn's
idyllic
cruise
through
eternal
boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.



8.

把马克吐温比喻成其作品主人公哈克和汤姆的父亲。

9.

All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory
that seemed phonographic
。

将马克吐温的记忆比作留声机，说明其记忆力超常。

10.

I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked
barley pancake.
将白皙光滑的皮肤比成大麦饼，暗指迪依比喜欢母亲的皮肤。




11.

Impressed with her they worshiped the
well-turned phrase, the
cute
shape, the
scalding humor that
erupted like bubbles in lye.
将迪依尖酸刻薄的幽默比成碱水里的气泡。暗指他的幽默可能会伤人。

12.

Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.

13.

将迪依男友的头发比成一条扭结的骡子尾巴

14.

It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep.
将迪依的头发比成羊毛

15.

Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull
it back.

将迪依的手比成一条冰冷无力的鱼，说明迪依当时很紧张。

16.

Maggie's brain is like an elephant's,

17.

将迪依的大脑比成大象的大脑，大象的记忆力好，讽刺迪依什么都能记住。

18.

The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are th shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing
light.
把翻腾的云在作物上投下的阴影比作水，描绘出光线忽明忽暗

19.

And the land was like iron.
把干涸的大地比作铁板一样坚硬。

20.

Her long,black hair,always drawn and braided in the day,lay upon her shoulders and against her breasts
like a shawl.
把祖母披散在肩膀上的浓密、黝黑的长发比喻成一块披肩垂在胸前。

21.

My line of vision was such that the creature fiiled the moon like a fossil.

把蟋蟀比作化石，表现蟋蟀栖在栏杆上一动不动的景象。


19.A warm wind rose up and purled like the longing within me.
把温暖的风比作内心涌动的渴望。











Metaphor 暗喻，同明喻类似，但暗喻的比较不通过比喻词
as
或
like
进行。暗 喻的运用可以起到化抽象为
具体。

1.


before dark.
（
1.4
）

2.

Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti
over the roads.
（
1.28
）

3.

Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropping more than 28 inches of
rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampaging floods, huge mountain slides and 111
additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean.
（
1.32
）

4.

And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to
do with anything a Nippon railways official might say.
（
2.1
）

5.

The
usher
bowed
deeply
and
heaved
a
long,
almost
musical
sigh,
when
I
showed
him
the
invitation
which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview.
（
2.5
）

6.

no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S.
history
7.

By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1 500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere.
8.

The street around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs
1

9.


10.

The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his
oratory as he should have.
11.

After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement.
12.

She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need
to know.


Washed
和
burned
用了暗喻，暗示白人文化犹如洪水和大火一样给黑人文化带来巨大的冲击。

13.

When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my
feet.


用暗喻表明母亲突然的到了一种顿悟，而这种顿悟带来的冲击力好像自己受到了重击一样。

14.

contributed to the erosion of black families
把黑人家庭解体比喻成某物的腐蚀

15.

But for all those who scratched and clawed their way to get a piece of the American Dream, there were
many who didn't make

it
把有些美国人摸爬滚打历尽艰辛的奋斗过程比喻成抓挠某物

16.

But for all those who scratched and clawed their way to get a piece of the American Dream, there were
many who didn't make

it
把种族间的误解鸿沟比喻成地上的裂缝

17.

many times only to

see

their

jobs

shipped overseas or

their pension dumped after a

lifetime
of

labor.
把工作机会输出国外比喻成某人或某物被运送出国外。

18.



that working together we can move beyond some of our old


racial wounds,
把种族间的歧视行为比喻成伤痕

19.



that working together we can move beyond some of our old


racial wounds,
把无形困难比喻成天花板

20.

or as

fodder

for

the nightly news.

把晚间新闻的资谈比喻成饲料

21.

by

providing

this

generation

with

ladders

of

opportunity

that

were

unavailable

for
previous generations.
把成功阶梯比喻成梯子

22.

and in summer the prairie is a anvil’s edge.

作者把夏季的大平原比作铁砧的边缘，一方面说明大平原干旱缺雨而变得坚硬无比

23.

Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain

把高原的草地形状比喻成楼梯，将草地从高处向低处延伸到平原的走势描写生动

24.

Not
yet
would
they
veer
southward
to
the
caldron
of
the
land
that
lay
below,
they
must
wean
their
blood from the northern
把这片深陷的土地比成大而深的敞口锅

Personification
拟人


1.

A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it
40 feet through the air.
（
1.18
）

2.

it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away.
（
1.19
）


transferred epithet
移就

有意识地把描写
A
的词语移用来描写
B
。

1.

Several
vacationers
at the
luxurious
Richelieu
Apartments
there
held
a
hurricane
party
to watch
the
storm from their spectacular vantage point.
（
1.20
）

2.

Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court
to open.
reassuring
本来是用来修饰人的，此处却用来修饰
arm
，体现人的思想感情，胳膊本身不能让作 者感
到安慰，但大罗用胳膊搂着作者这一友好的动作却给作者安慰。

3.

an earlier generation that suffered under the brutal legacy of slavery and Jim Crow.

Br utal
本来是来修
饰奴隶主的做法和奴隶制度的，这里却用来修饰遗留问题，说明上一辈的美 国黑人在残暴的奴隶制度
和种族歧视下备受折磨。



time

we

want

to

talk

about

the

men

and

women

of

every

color

and

creed

who

serve together,

and

fight

together,

and

bleed

together

under

the

same

proud

flag.
Proud
本来是用来修饰在同一面旗 帜下一期服役、一起战斗。
。的那那女女的，这里却用来修饰旗帜，说
2

明他们在面对国旗时的骄傲。


sarcasm
讽刺

1.

Hiroshima --
the “Liveliest” City in Japan

2.

If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even it many of the
town's people still bear hidden wounds, and burns.
（
2.27
）

3.

Bryan,
ageing and paunchy , was assisted in his prosecution by his son, also a lawyer, and Tennessee's
brilliant young attorney-general, Tom Stewart.
4.


讽刺原教旨主义者的无知。

5.


讽刺原教旨主义者并没有推理能力。

6.


from below
通过对比讽刺进化论者甘于承认自己的低贱和堕落。

7.

Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given post of his life to politics.
暗指布莱恩不仅是
上帝的一个捍卫者，更多的是一个政治家。

8.

Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
本来秃头没有什么可擦拭的，表现出布莱恩的尴尬。

9.

I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.
马克吐温说自己比想出撤退方法
的人更善于撤退 ，
这里想出撤退方法的人指南方邦联游击队员，
讽刺他们只是退却而没有勇气去战斗。

10.

“
... one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night.”
讽刺土耳其统治者苏丹的无
能，比苏丹有能力的人比比皆是。


Irony
反讽

言非所指，正话反说

1.

After
a
while,
it
is
the
setting
of
man
against
man
and
creed
against
creed
until
we
are
marching
backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the man who
dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.
想表达的是
16
世纪的蒙 昧无知，但正话反说，用
glorious
来修饰
age
，讽刺那个时代禁锢 人们思想的
宗教。


Pun
双关语

一语双关

1.

One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT -- INSIDE. Darwin
既指店主的名字，也暗指《进 化论》坐着达
尔文，而
right
既可意为
“
正确
”
，也指
“
正好，恰好
”


Oxymoron
矛盾修饰法

用两种不相调和，甚至截然相反的词语描述同一事物。

1.

until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century
2.

Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a

Alliteration
头韵：开头的音节有相同或接近相同的发音，通常是相同的字母形式。

1.

That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the
world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.
（
1.1
）

3

2.

I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.
3.

Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.
4.

The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied -- a cosmos
。

5.

It was a splendid population
–
for all the slow,sleepy,sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home
。

6.

It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing
them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences,
7.

or provide men and women of every
color and creed their full rights and obligations as citizens of the
United States.
8.

not just in terms of white and black, but black and brown as well.
9.

but views that denigrate both the greatness and the goodness of our nation
10.

O
ur trials and triumphs became at once unique and universal, black and more than black;
stories and songs gave us a means to reclaim memories that we didn't need to feel shame about...
12.
the

struggles

and
successes,

the

love

and

yes,

the
bitterness

and

bias

that

make

up

the

black

experience

in

America.
11.

A
nd
occasionally

it

finds
voice

in
the
church
on
Sunday
morning,

in

the
pulpit
and

in

the
pews.
12.

T
alk show hosts and conservative commentators built entire careers unmasking bogus claims of racism
while dismissing legitimate discussions of racial injustice and inequality as mere political correctness or
reverse racism.
13.

T
he grass turns brittle and brown
…

14.

W
illow and witch hazel
15.

G
reat green-and-yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass
16.

b
elongs to the eagle and elk, the badger and the bear.
17.

a
nd they were bent and blind in the wilderness.
18.

t
here to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodnight herd.

19.

s
o exclusive were they of all mere custom and company
20.

b
ut
there
was
something
inherently
sad
in
the
sound,
some
merest
hesitation
upon
the
syllables
of
sorrow.

21.

T
he
aged
visitors
thos
came
to
my
grandmother’s
house
when
I
was
a
child
were
made
of
lean
and
leather, and they bore themselves upright.

22.

f
ull of jest and gesture, fright and false alarm
Synecdoche
提喻

不直接说某一事物的名称，借事物本身所呈现的各种对应的想象来表现该事物。

1.

The
rather
arresting
spectacle
of
little
old
Japan
adrift
amid
beige
concrete
skyscrapers
is
the
very
symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.
（
2.7
）作者用
little old Japan
指
旧式日本小屋

2.

The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football
coach at the secondary school.

用
“my head”
代表
“
我
”
整个人。

4