enson新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解

2021年1月19日发(作者：novation)




新视野三版

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B2 U8 Text A


Animals or children?
—
A scientist's choice


1
I
am
the
enemy!
I
am
one
of
those
cursed,
cruel
physician
scientists involved

in animal
research. These rumors sting,
for
I
have
never
thought
of myself as

an
evil
person.
I
became
a
children's
doctor
because
of
my
love
for children

and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school

and
residency,
I
saw
many
children
die
of
cancer
and
bloodshed
from injury
—

circumstances
against
which
medicine
has
made
great
progress
but
stil has a

long
way
to
go.
More
importantly,
I
also
saw
children
healthy
thanks to

advances
in
medical
science
such
as
infant
breathing
support,
powerful new

medicines

and

surgical

techniques

and

the

entire

field

of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of
healthy, happy

children drew me to medical research.

*
2
M
y accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as

the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture
innocent

animals
for
the
sole
purpose
of
career
advancement,
and
that
my
experiments

have no relevance to , an uncaring public barely watches,

convinced

that

the

issue

has

no

significance,
and


publicity- conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way
to

the lobbying of animal rights activists.

3
We,
in
medical
research,
have
also
been
unbelievably
uncaring.
We have

al owed the most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and
frame the

issue
as
one
of

fraud
and
hatred.
We
have
persisted
in
our belief that

a
knowledgeable
public
would
consent
to
the
importance
of
animal
research

for public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding
to the

emotional
tone
of
the
argument.
Perhaps
we
should
have
responded
to those

sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equal y sad posters
of children

dying of cancer or external wounds.

4
In the animal rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain
these animals

experience in the name of medical deny that we are trying to

help and say it is evidence of our evil and cruel nature. A more
reasonable

argument,
however, can be
advanced
in our defense. Life
is often
cruel to

animals
and
human
beings.
Teenagers
are
flung
from
trucks
and
suffer severe

head injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves
at the bottom

of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else.
From





everyday
germs
to
gang
violence,
no
life
is
free
of
pain.
Physicians hoping to

relieve
the
eternal
suffering
of
these
tragedies
have
only
three
choices: 1)

create
an
animal
model
of
the
problem
to
understand
the
process
and test new

therapies;
2)
experiment
on
human
beings
(some
experiments
wil
succeed,

most wil fail); or 3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that
accidental

discoveries wil lead us forward.

5
Some
animal
rights
activists
would
suggest
an
optional
fourth
choice,

*******claiming
that
computer
models
can
create
animal

experiments,

thus
omitting
actual
experiments.
Computers
can
imitate
the
effects of

wel
-understood
principles
on
complex
systems,
as
in
the
application of the

laws
of
physics
to
airplane
and
automobile
design.
However,
when
the

principles
themselves
are
in
question,
as
is
the
case
with
the
complex

biological
systems
of
human
life
under
study,
computer
modeling
alone is of

little value.

6
One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in
medical

research
is
that
the
impact
wil
not
be
felt
for
years
or
even
decades. Drugs to

cure
infection
wil
remain
undiscovered,
surgical
and
diagnostic
techniques wil

remain
undeveloped,
and
fundamental
biological
processes
that
might have

been
understood
wil
remain
mysteries.
There
is
the
danger
that
quick

decisions
by
wel
-meaning
politicians
wil
create
resolution
to
diplomatical y

satisfy
the
smal
minority
of
loud
protesters
while
the
consequences and

damaging impact of those decisions wil not be apparent until long
after.

7
Fortunately,
most
of
us
enjoy
good
health,
and
the
agony
of
watching one's

child
die
has
become
a
rare
experience.
Yet
our
good
fortune
should not make

us
unappreciative.
Protection
from
serious
sickness
and
drugs
to
combat heart

*disease, high blood pressure and stroke are al
based on animal

research.
Most
complex
surgical
procedures
such
as
heart
or
hip
surgery and

organ

transplantati
surgeries

were

initial
developed

in

on

y

animals.
Techniques
to
replace
defective
genes,
the
cause
of
so
much

disease,
as
wel
as
the
development
of
synthetic
organs
are
presently

undergoing
animal
studies.
These
studies,
and
any
subsequent
advances, wil

effectively end if animal research is severely restricted.

8
In
America
today,
death
has
become
an
event
isolated
from
our
daily

existence. As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen
their

parents'
infinite
grief,
I
am
particularly
angered
by
any
minute
expression of

caring for the suffering of creatures and so little for sick and
dying human





beings.
People
are
too
protected
from
the
reality
of
human
life
and death and

what it means.

9
Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless cruel
treatment

of animals. The animal rights movement has made a contribution in
making us

more
aware
of
animals'
needs
and
the
need
to
search
harder
for
suitable

alternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are
successful

in
threatening
further
research,
their
efforts
wil
bring
about
a
tragedy that wil

cost
many
lives.
Hence
the
real
question
is
whether
an
uncaring
majority can

be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected,
minority.


Language Points
：

1 Animals or children?
—

A scientist’s choice (
Title)

Meaning:

A
scientist
is
now
facing
two
choices:
in
favor
of
animals or children.



2
I
am
the
enemy!
I
am
one
of
those
cursed,
cruel
physician
scientists involved in

animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of
myself as an evil

person. (Para. 1)

Meaning:

I
am
the
enemy
–
the
one
who
is
condemned
as
a
cold-
hearted physician

scientist
doing
animal
research.
These
rumors
make
me
upset
as
I've never considered

myself as being evil.

Meaning
beyond
words:

The
physician’s
ironic
tone
in
t
he
sentences well reflects his

indignation and anger at the animal rights activists.



3
I
became
a
children’s
doctor
because
of
my
love
for
children
and my supreme

desire to keep them healthy. (Para. 1)

Meaning:

My
love
for
children
and
strong
desire
to
keep
them
healthy drove me to be a

children’s doctor.

Usage note:
supreme, superior, super, superb

*supreme, superior, super, superb
都是形容词，且词形相近。它们都
没有比较级，也没有

最高级，

但它们的词义和用法稍有差别。

1 supreme
基本词义表示“（程度）最大的，最高的，极度的”，一般用在
名词前作定语，修

饰名词，其副词是
supremely
，表示“极度地；极其”，常用于强调不好的
品质。例如：

The
Supreme
Commander
was
in
bad
temper
as
the
task
for
him
had
changed abruptly

*and fundamental y.
最高指挥官很生气，因为他的任务突然彻底地改变
了。

2 superior
表示“更好的；更强的；更有效的”，明显含有“好

”的意
思。例如：

*A
few
years
ago
it
was
virtually
impossible
to
find
superior
quality coffee in local shops.
几

年前
,
几乎不可能在当地的咖啡店找到品质上乘的咖啡。





*superior
后可以接介词
to
，表示

“比…更好的
/
更强的
/
更有效的” ，
在句中一般用作表语或

后置定语。例如：

*For
all
babies,
breastfeeding
is
far
superior
to
bottlefeeding.

对于所有的婴儿，母乳喂养都

远远优于奶瓶喂养。

*We
have
a
relationship
infinitely
superior
to
those
of
many
of
our friends.
我们之间的关系

比我们许多朋友之间的关系好太多了。

**superior
也
可
以
用
作
名
词，指“上级；上司；长官”，其反义词为
inferior
。
superior
不能用

作副词。

3 super
表示“极好的；了不起的”，能兼用作副词表示“极其；非常”。
例如：

*They have gained market leadership by sel ing products that were
of super quality.
通过

销售高质量的产品，他们已获得了市场的领导地位。

Lee is very straightforward, super honest and he always knows what
he is talking about.

李非常直爽，且超级诚实，他总是知道自己在说什么。
（
super
用作副词）

“Did you enjoy the film?” “Yes, I thought it was super.” “你
喜欢这个电影吗？” “我喜欢，我

认为它超棒的。”

*4 superb
的词义与
super
相同，表示“极好的；出色的；卓越的”，
superb
在句中不仅可以

作定语，也可以作表语，其副词是
superbly
。例如：

*The
fact
is
that
the
telephone
service
is
superb
here,
as
is
compared to postal service.
事

实是，与邮政服务相比，这儿的电话服务是一流的。

*I am highly aware of the superb reputation of your school.
我
非
常
了解你们学校极佳的声

誉。



4 During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of
cancer and

bloodshed
from
injury
–
circumstances
against
which
medicine
has
made great

progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also
saw children

healthy
thanks
to
advances
in
medical
science
such
as
infant
breathing support,

powerful
new
medicines
and
surgical
techniques
and
the
entire
field of organ

transplantation. (Para. 1)

Meaning:
When I was studying at a medical school and being trained
at a hospital, I saw

many
children
die
of
cancer
and
shed
blood
from
injury
—

situations that modern

medicine,
though
has
advanced
a
lot,
is
notable
to
completely
handle. On the other hand,

I saw children healthy because of the medical achievements such as
infant breathing

support and so forth.

Meaning
beyond
words:

The
comparison
and
contrast
between
the
cases of children he

witnessed effectively il ustrates the importance and necessity of
animal research.





5 My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children
drew me to medical

research.

Meaning:

My
doing
medical
research
was
driven
by
my
priority
to
keep children healthy

and happy.



6 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as
the devil. They

claim
that
I
have
no
moral
compass,
that
I
torture
innocent
animals for the sole

purpose
of
career
advancement,
and
that
my
experiments
have
no
relevance to

medicine. (Para. 2)

Meaning:

Those
who
accuse
me
of
having
no
moral
standards
distorted the truth into a

legendary
story
where
I
am
depicted
as
a
monster
that
tortures
innocent animals only for

my career
advancement and my
experiments have
nothing to
do with
medicine.

Meaning
beyond
words:

The
paral
el
structure
of
“that”
clause
evidently strengthens the

angry
tone
of
the
physician
and
it
obviously
is
a
plus
when
arguing
for one’s viewpoint.



7 Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the
issue has no

significance,
and
publicity- conscious
senators
and
politicians
increasingly give

way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. (Para. 2)

Meaning:
At the same time, the general public act like bystanders,
believing that the issue

is
no
big
deal.
The
senators
and
politicians,
who
are
familiar
with the public issues, keep

making concessions to activists advocating animal rights.

Meaning
beyond
words:

The
physician
is
unhappy
and
dissatisfied
with the indifferent

public and condemns those politicians who acted too softly to the
animal rights activists.



8
We,
in
medical
research,
have
also
been
unbelievably
uncaring.
We have allowed

the
most
extreme
animal
rights
protesters
to
creep
in
and
frame
the issue as one of

“animal fraud” and hatred.

Meaning:
It is incredible
that
we who are doing
medical
research
have also been ignoring

the
issue.
We
even
gave
permission
to
the
most
radical
animal
rights protesters to

gradual y impact on our research practice and accuse it of animal
deception and hatred

for animals.

Meaning
beyond
words:

The
medical
researchers
have
been
too
soft
to the animal

rights protesters that they got themselves into trouble.

frame

vt.
deliberately
make
sb.
seem
guilty
of
a
crime
when
they’re not guilty, by lying to

*the police or in a court of law
陷害；诬告

Jack would never cheat at a exam, but his classmate framed him as
a cheat who had





*used iPhone connected to the Internet.
杰克绝不会在考试中作弊，
但他同学诬陷他是个作

弊者，说他使用连上了互联网的
iPhone
。



9
We
have
persisted
in
our
belief
that
acknowledgeable
public
would consent to the

importance
of
animal
research
for
public
health.
Perhaps
we
have
been mistaken in

not responding to the emotional tone of the argument. (Para. 3)

Meaning:

We
have
believed
firmly
that
knowledgeable
people
would
agree how important

animal research is for public health. Maybe, we have been wrong in
not reacting to the

animal rights activists’ emotional expressions.

Meaning beyond words:
The implied meaning is that they, the animal
researchers, have

made
mistakes
in
believing
the
public
and
dealing
with
animal
rights activists.

Usage note:
consent, approve, agree

consent, approve, agree
是一组近义词，

这些词均含“同意；赞同”之
意，

但在含义和用法

上有区别。

1 consent
是不及物动词，表示“同意、允许别人的请求、建议或者满足他
人的愿望”，着重
< br>意愿或感情，且是带有一定阻力或困难的赞同，而且常有居高临下的允诺之
意。常见结构有

consent
to
sth.,
consent
to
sb.’s
doing
sth.,
consent
to
do
sth.
。例如：

My father must have made some inquiries and been satisfied, for he
consented to my

*choice.
我的父亲肯定去打听了一些事情并感到满意，因为他同意了我
的选择。

The
owner
wouldn’t
consent
to
our
making
any
structural
changes
in the flat while we live

*in it.
在我们居住期间，房主不会同意我们对公寓作任何结构上的变
动。

The
Queen
has
graciously
consented
to
open
her
London
palace
to
the public for two

*months every summer.
女王已欣然同意她在伦敦的宫殿每个夏天可向公众
开放两个月。