keepcalm托福TPO阅读11原文+答案+题目

2021年1月19日发(作者：feelings)


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Ancient Egyptian Sculpture



In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as



possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and



contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate



only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it



was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its



distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of



Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other



cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned



and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem



to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric



perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such



questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of



Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were



producing their art.



The majority of three- dimensional representations, whether standing,



seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight



ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation,



out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is



easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for



three thousand years. Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions



of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues