一家一户高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析

2021年1月19日发(作者：propaganda)
高一英语阅读理解
(
科普环保
)
试题
(
有答案和解 析
)
含解析


一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1
．
犇犇
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have
just read.

The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters

During the winter of 2017, an 18-year old college student named Canon Reeves spent much of
his time trailing a knee-high robot around Fayetteville, Arkansas, as it delivered Amazon packages
to students. The robot, created by a start-up called Starship Technologies in 2014, is basically a
cooler on wheels; it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to make deliveries. Reeves's job was
to monitor how it handled various grounds, field comments from the public, and press the off
switch if necessary. He said,

Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots
fall under the umbrella of

careers in automation,
which include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand for people with this skill
set is considerable, with 20 million to 50 million new jobs to be expected in this category by 2030,
according to the Mckinsey Global Institute. In the year that ended in June 2018, had
almost three times the number of positions on the recruitment committee that ended in June
2016.

Over the last year, a 34-year-old businessman named David Rodriguez spent hundreds of hours
following a machine called the KiwiBot around UC Berkeley's campus while it delivered Red bull
and other drinks to students. To retrieve (
检索
) orders, the app encourages students to give the
robot
a
wave;
the
robot's
digital
eyes
will
roll
depending
on
its
mood.
Rodriguez,
who
heads
business
development
for
the
start-up,
was
tasked,
early
on,
with
monitoring
the
KiwiBot
for
problems
–
even
carrying
it,
should
the
motors
fail.
Since
April 2018,
though,
the
KiwiBot
has
largely been left unattended, and the majority of human interactions involve technical checks and
loading food into the robot. To eliminate the boring work, the team is developing a restaurant
robot to collect and load orders
–
which could happen in 2020. However, Rodriguez assured me
that his staff won't be out of work. Everyone holds double roles in the company. Greater robot
self-governing just means employees will shift their focus to accounting, engineering, and design.

Mckinsey estimates that millions of jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030.
number
of
jobs
will
be
produced
as
autonomous
vehicles
are
released
into
the
environment,
Ramsey
said.
In
2016,
Bosch
started
training
students
from
Schoolcraft
College,
a
community
college in Michigan, in autonomous-vehicle repair; Toyota has trained students in maintenance as
well.
Ramsey said.
automate
industries,
as
it
happens,
are
the
ones
that
require
looking
after
humans,
such
as
childcare, education and health care. Robot babysitters might feel like they have scored the job of
the future, but in fact, they might be better positioned.

（
1
）
What kind of robot is the one created by a start-up called Starship Technologies?

A. A factory robot. B. A delivery robot. C. A restaurant robot. D. A construction robot.

（
2
）
What does
fall under the umbrella of
in Para. 2 mean?

A. are in the category of
B. are under the protection of

C. are in relation of
D. are in the process of

（
3
）
According to Ramsey, what will happen when autonomous vehicles are put on the market?

A. Autonomous vehicles will become much cheaper.

B. A large number of people will be out of work.

C. A lot of job opportunities will be created.

D. Many people will turn to buying autonomous cars.

（
4
）
What does the last sentence in Para. 4 mean?

A. Robot carers will have a competitive advantage in the future.

B. Many new occupations like caring for robots come and go fast.

C. We still need someone to look after robots in the future.

D. Robots will create more and better jobs for people in the future.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，随着机器人被越来越多的应用，照看机器人的工作
也随之发生了变化。本文以对相关信息进行了介 绍说明。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的

robot,
created
by
a
start-up
called
Starship
Technologies in 2014, is basically a cooler on wheels; it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to
make
deliveri es.
可知，这款机器人是
2014
年由一家名为
Starship
Technologies
的初创公司
制造的，它基本上是一种车轮上的冷却器；它使用雷达 、传感器和
9
台摄像头进行配送。
也就是说，
Starship Technologies
公司创造的是一款配送物品的机器人。故选
B
。


（
2
）
考
查
词
义
猜
测
。
根
据
第
二
段
中
的

in clude
maintenance,
engineering
and
programming
列举了

照看机器人

的工作范畴，故选A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的

huge
number
of
jobs
will
be
produced
as
autonomous
vehicles
are
released
into
the
environm ent
可知，随着自动化车辆被投放到市
场，将产生大量的就业机会。故选
C
。


（
4
）考查句义理解。该划线句子的字面意思是：机器人保姆 可能会觉得自己已经获得了
未来的工作，但事实上，他们的位置可能会更好。根据字面意思，不难看出其 隐藏的意思
为：机器人保姆占据很大的优势，他们可以在未来作更好的工作。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和句义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇科 普类阅
读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑，推理，归纳，从而选出正确
答案。


2
．
阅读理解


Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So
doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But
there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!

Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a
smile
may
be
one
way
to
help
your
heart.

we
smile,
the
brain
wiring
changes.
The
chemicals that are released are more positive.
and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New
Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.

When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (
荷尔蒙
)
including
adrenaline
and
cortisol.
Adrenaline
increases
your
heart
rate
and
blood
pressure.
Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly
in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.

However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in
our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.

Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they
claim
that
when
people
are
stressed
for
long
periods
of
time,
they
may
have
an
unhealthy
lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.

Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an
hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for
seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation.
It is free and it has no bad side effects.


sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.
And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.

（
1
）
Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam's opinion?

has the same effects as laughter.

can be used to take the place of medicine.

is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.

can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.

（
2
）
What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones?

can lower our blood pressure.

will surely lead to heart diseases.

can benefit us when we are in danger.

will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.

（
3
）
Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health?

can make us relax.

increases sugar levels.

has little bad side effects.

can happen for no reason.

（
4
）
What can be the best title for the text?

A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases

Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart

Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones

Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家
Chockalingam
博士建议多保
持微笑，他认为 微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人
们感到压力时的身体反应等情况 。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“When
we
smile,
the
brain
wiring
changes.
The
chemicals that are released are more positive.”
当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。 释放
出的化学物质更积极。可知，
Chockalingam
博士认为微笑能使我们的 身体产生有益的化学
物质。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“If
you
are
truly
in
danger,
these
hormones
can
help
you.”
如果你真的有危 险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙
可以帮助我们。故选
C。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between
stress and health. And it just may provide
a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.”
如
果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。而且它可能会为每个人 的心脏健康提
供一点额外的保护。可知，
Chockalingam
博士认为微笑可以 使我们放松，从而有利于我们
的健康。故选
A
。


（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的
“Dr.
Chockalingam,
a
heart
disease
specialist
in
Columbia, advises his patients to smile.
He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”
哥伦
比亚的心脏病专家
Choc kalingam
博士建议他的病人保持微笑。他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏
的一种方式。以及结 合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，
所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选< br>B
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查， 是一篇科研类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出 正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解



When
Andrew
Kaplan
recalls,
his
stories
leave
the
impression
that
he
has
managed
to
pack
multiple
lives
into
a
single existence:
A
war reporter
in
his
20s.
an
army
member,
a
successful
businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.

Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to
those
stories,
even
when
he
is
no
longer
alive
to
share
them.
Kaplan
has
agreed
to
become

thousands of years

If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him
using voice
computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing
upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.

Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the
world's first digital humans.

For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a
new generation of companies is selling some approximation(
近似
) of virtual immortality, which
gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(
遗产
) online forever.

Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers
the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.

If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may
forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.
may
become
one
of
the
world's
first:
meaningful
examples,
raising
complex
philosophical
questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.

（
1
）
What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

highlight Kaplan's achievements.

introduce the topic- -AndyBot.

arouse readers interest in Kaplan.

introduce Kaplan's life.

（
2
）
Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?

wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.

wanted to make his loved one remember him.

believed this action will help with his novels.

could live in the cloud to continue his life.

（
3
）
What might the AndyBot do for future generations?

may use voice computing platforms.

may use a new body to go on living.

may offer some guidance.

may ask them questions.

（
4
）
What can we infer from the last paragraph?

ophical problems can be worked out by modern science.

can talk with their late family members freely.

ists have made great progress in computer science.

is still a long way for digital humans to go.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，介绍了科技新动态
----
数字人。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁
·
卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人
感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：
20
多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商< br>人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁
·
卡普兰丰富多彩的人
生；在根据第二段中的
“Now the silver haired 78
-year old has realized he would like his loved
ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has
agreed to become “AndyBot”
---
a virtual person who will be”
现在这位花白头发的
78
岁的老人
想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。
K aplan
同意变成数
字人

，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“Now
the
silver
haired
78
-year
old
has
realized
he
would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share
them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”
现在这位花白头发
的
78
岁的老人 想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。
Kaplan
同意变成数 字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这
些故事。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be
able
to
interact
with
him
using
voice
computing
platforms
of
mobile
devices,
asking
him
questions,
letting
him
tell
stories
and
drawing
upon
a
lifetime's
worth
of
advice
long
after
his
physical body is gone. ”
如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即< br>使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可
知卡普兰 成为
“
数字人
”
后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选
C
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“If
technology
succeeds
in
creating
emotionally
intelligent
digital
humans,
experts
say,
it
may
forever
change
the
way
living
people
cooperate
with computers and experience loss.”
可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字
人 类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前
的数字人类还无法 拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故
选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解


According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(
感知
)time is linked to their
pace of life.


perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving
creatures.


The
study
was
done
with
a
variety
of
animals
using
phenomenon
based
on
the
maximum
speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for
example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.

One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to
avoid being hit. The research showed flies
can achieve,

Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on
the research project, said in a statement,
higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information
equally
quickly.
Thus,
this
work
highlights
the
impressive
abilities
of
even
the
smallest
animal
brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.


In
comparison,
the
tiger
beetle(
虎甲虫
)runs
faster
than
its
eyes
can
keep
up,
basically
becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's(
猎物
)position.


Our
results
suggest
that
time
perception
offers
an
as
yet
unstudied
dimension
along
which
animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.

（
1
）
What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about
？


A. Pace of life of animals. B. Impressive abilities of animals.

C. Lifetime of small animals. D. Time perception of animals.

（
2
）
What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2
？


A. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.

B. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.

C. The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.

D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.

（
3
）
Why can houseflies avoid being hit?

A. They can think very deeply before they act.

B. They can process the information as quickly as they receive it.

C. They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.

D. They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.

（
4
）
What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?

A. Slow down to gain its time perception. B. Prevent itself from becoming blind.

C. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again. D. Try to run as fast as it can.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“According to a team of researchers
，
an animal's ability
to perceive
（感知）
time is linked to their pace of life.”
可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时
间的 能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知
的，故选
D
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“the
importance
of
time
perception
in
animals
where
the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for
fast
moving
creatures.”
可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的 时间内感知时间的能力
可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，
Kevin
Healy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它
们对时间的感知能力，故选
A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The research showed flies ‘observe motion in a shorter
time than our own eyes can achieve
，
’which allows them to avoid being hit.”
可知，家蝇观察物
体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避 免被击中；再结合第五
段中的
“but
they
can
make good
decisions
very
quickly.”
可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，
也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选
B< br>。


（
4
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“the
tiger
beetle
（虎甲虫）
runs
faster
than
its
eyes can keep up
，
basically becoming blind
，
which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate
its
prey's
（猎物）
position”
可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不< br>时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地
停下来确 定猎物的位置，故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理 判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从 而选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解


It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to
look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.
But this common knowledge turns out wrong.


A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that's 15.4
degrees off to the observer's right-
well outside of the range that people normally believe when
they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann,

gaze (
凝视
) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the
effect
looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being
looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either
side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.

This is important for human interaction with on- screen characters. If you want someone off to
the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don't cut the
gaze
of
the
character
to
that
side-
surprisingly,
doing
so
would
make
an
observer
feel
like
the
character isn't looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.


Horstmann
and
his
co-author
were
studying
this
effect
for
its
application
in
the
creation
of
artificial-intelligence avatars(
虚拟头像
) when Horstmann took a long look at the
realized she wasn't looking at him.

To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the
Lisa
participants
to
note
which
number
on
the
ruler
intersected
Mona
Lisa's
gaze.
To
calculate
the
angle of Mona Lisa's gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer
to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the
woman in the

So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn't
sure. It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman
is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term
thought it was a cool name.

（
1
）
It is generally believed that the woman in the painting

A. attracts the viewers to look back
B. seems mysterious because of her eyes

C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand

（
2
）
What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?

A.

B.

C.

D.

（
3
）
The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to .

A. confirm Horstmann's belief

B. create artificial-intelligence avatars

C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze

D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied

（
4
）
What can we learn from the passage?

A. Horstmann thinks it's cool to coin the term

B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.

C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.

D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers' judgement.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，众所周知列奥纳多
·
达·
芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，
无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她 的眼睛跟随他们。一项新研究
发现这一常识是错误的，研究发现人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为 人们渴望被关
注。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“It's
common
knowledge
that
the
woman
in
Leonardo
da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes
no
matter
where
they
stand
in
the
room.”
众所周知，列奥纳多·
达
·
芬奇最著名的画作中的女
人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会 回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们。可知人
们普遍认为，《蒙娜丽莎》中的女人无论站在哪里都会看 着观众。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“As
long
as
the
angle
of
the
person's
gaze
is
no
more
than about 5 degrees off to ei
ther side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.”
只要这个人的凝视角度不