tight是什么意思四级真题(第三套 2018年6月)

2021年1月19日发(作者：天使鱼)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
short
essay
on
the
importance
of
speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) (
同前二套
)

Part
Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the
passage.
Read
the
passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Neon (
霓虹
) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco. When
night
falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (
雾蒙蒙的
)
glow over a city lit
up by tens
of
thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, 27 by more practical, but less romantic,
LEDs (
发光二极管
).
Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs
have
businesses
embracing
LEDs,
which
are
energy
28
,
but
still
carry
great
cost.

me,
neon
represents memories of the past,
celebrates the city's famous signs.
with sadness.
Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30 shapes
and
letters.
They
fill
these
tubes
with
gases
that
glow
when
31 .
Neon
makes
orange,
while
other
gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.
Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that
capture
the
signs
lighting
up
lonely
streets
—
an
33
that
makes
it
easy
to
admire
their
colors
and
craftsmanship.
do nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way
possible.

A)

alternative



D) challenging






G) electrified







J) professionals




M) stimulate
B)

approach




E) decorative







H) identify









K) quality








N) symbolizes
C)

cast








F) efficient









I) photographed





L) replaced








O) volunteers

Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with
a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students
—
Baring an Ethnic Divide

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A) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high- achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey,
sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students
were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In
the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health
assessments and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote
things like,
thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else.
B)
With
his
letter,
Aderhold
inserted
West
Windsor-Plainsboro
Regional
School
District
into
a
national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone
too far. At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a
to schooling that respects
academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo
Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number
of suicides in the last six years.
C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which
has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents
like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's
middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to
learning.
have nothing to put on my resume,'
thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who
said
Aderhold's reforms would amount to
a
children's education.
is
happening
here
reflects
a
national
anti- intellectual
trend
that
will
not
prepare
our
children
for
the
future,
D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and
Plainsboro
have
become
popular
bedroom
communities
for
technology
entrepreneurs,
researchers
and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16
seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians
and students with perfect SAT scores.
E)
The
district
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
immigrant
families
from
China,
India
and
Korea. This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in 2007.
Many
of
them
are
the
first
in
their
families
born
in
the
United
States.
They
have
had
a
growing
influence
on
the
district.
Asian-American
parents
are
enthusiastic
supporters
of
the
competitive
instrumental music program. They have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics
program,
which
once
began
in
the
fourth
grade
but
will
now
start
in
the
sixth.
The
change
to
the
program, in which 90 percent of the participating students are Asian- American, is one of Aderhold's
reforms.
F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take
summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors
and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school
year. With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a
perception
among
some
white
families
that
the
elementary
school
curriculum
is
being
sped
up
to
accommodate them.
G)
Both
Asian-American
and
white
families
say
the
tension
between
the
two
groups
has
grown

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steadily
over
the
past
few
years,
as
the
number
of
Asian
families
has
risen.
But
the
division
has
become
more
obvious
in
recent
months
as
Aderhold
has
made
changes,
including
no-homework
nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in
the music program.
H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the
Asian
American
Achievement
Paradox,
says
misunderstanding
between
first- generation
Asian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white
middle-class
parents
do
not
always
understand,
she
said,
is
how
much
pressure
recent
immigrants
feel
to
boost
their
children
into
the
middle
class.

don't
have
the
same
chances
to
get
their
children internships (
实习职位
) or jobs at law firms,
children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to
excel later.
I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years
as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides.
West
Windsor- Plainsboro
has
not
had
a
teenage
suicide
in
recent
years,
but
Aderhold,
who
has
worked
in
the
district
for
seven
years
and
been
chief
for
the
last
three
years,
said
he
had
seen
troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (
描绘
) an overburdened
child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the
mother
scolds
the
student
with
the
words,

on
you!
Further,
he
said,
the
New
Jersey
Education
Department
has
flagged
at
least
two
pieces
of
writing
on
state
English
language
assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.
J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced
Placement students reported feeling stressed about school
bring back some balance,
K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a
fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control.
Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back.
become an arms race, an educational arms race,
successful. The question is, at what cost?
36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.
37. White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold's appeal.
38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students' writings.
39.
Aderhold's
reform
of
the
advanced
mathematics
program
will
affect
Asian-American
students
most.
40.
Aderhold
appealed
for
parents'
support
in
promoting
an
all- round
development
of
children,
instead of focusing only on their academic performance.
41. One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too far.
42.
Immigrant
parents
believe
that
academic
excellence
will
allow
their
children
equal
chances
to
succeed in the future.
43. Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the
public schools there.
44.
A
number
of
students
in
Aderhold's
school
district
were
found
to
have
stress-induced
mental
health problems.
45. The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent years.

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