local是什么意思2015年mpa英语真题(打印版)

2021年1月19日发(作者：capitalism)

2015
年
MPA
英语真题及参考答案




Section
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension


Part A


Directions
：
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
after
each
text
by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text1


A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at
home
than
at
work.
Researchers
measured
people’s
control.
Which
is
it
at
stress
marker.
While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed
to be a place of refuge
。



“Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have
lower levels of stress at work than at home” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske In
fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not wom
en. Who report being
happier at home than at work” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those
with children and without but more so for non parents. This is why people who work outside
the home have better health
。



What the study doesn
’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at
home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men the
end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home they never get to leave
the
office.
And
for
women
who
work
outside
the
home
they
often
are
playing
catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags
well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it’ s not surprising that
women are more stressed at home
。



But it’s not just a gender thing. At work people pretty much know what they’re supposed
to
be
doing:
working
making
money
doing
the
tasks
they
have
to
do
in
order
to
draw
an
income.
The
bargain is
very pure: Employee puts
in hours
of physical or mental labor and
employee draws out life-sustaining moola
。



On the home front however people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which
the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be
done there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues- your family-have
no
clear
rewards
for
their
labor;
they
need
to
be
talked
into
it
or
if
they’
re
teenagers
threatened
with
complete
removal
of
all
electronic
devices.
Plus
they’
re
your
family.
You
cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home
。



So
it’s
not
surprising
that
people
are
more
stressed
at
home.
Not
only
are
the
tasks
apparently infinite the co-workers are much harder to motivate
。



ing to Paragraph 1
，
most previous surveys found that home___________


[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation


[B]generated more stress than the workplace


[C]was an ideal plac efor stress measurement


[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace


ing to Damaske
，
who are likely to be the happiest at home?


[A]Working mothers



















[B]Childless husbands
[C] Childless wives
[D]Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that___________
[A]they are both breadwinners and housewives
[B]their home is also a place for kicking back
[C]there is often much housework left behind
[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office
word “moola”(Line4
，
Para 4)most probably means___________
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
home front differs from the workplace in that_____________
[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment
[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear- cut
[C]household tasks are generally more motivating
[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded


Text 2



For
years
studies
have
found
that
first-generation
college
students-those
who
do
not
have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement
factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are
most
likely
to
advance
economically
if
they
succeed
in
higher
education
colleges
and
universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in
that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher
education has “continued to reproduce and widen rather than close” achievement gap based
on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal
Psychological Science
。



But
the
article
is
actually
quite
optimistic
as
it
outlines
a
potential
solution
to
this
problem suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour next-to-no-cost program)can
close
63
percent
of
the
achievement
gap(measured
by
such
factors
as
grades)between
first-generation and other students
。



The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a
study
involving
147
students(who
completed
the
project)at
an
unnamed
private
university.
First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of
the first-generation students(59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants
，
a federal grant for
undergraduates with financial need
，
while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students
with at least one parent with a four-year degree


Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on
the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical
knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past
research
by several authors
to show that this is the gap
that must be narrowed to close the
achievement gap
。






















Many
first-
generation
students’
struggl
e
to
navigate
the
middle-class
culture
of
higher
education
，
learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources” they write
And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and
disadvantages
of
different groups
of
students
Because
US
colleges
and
universities
seldom
acknowledge
how social class can affect students’ educational experience
，
many first-gene
ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’
like them can improve


26. Recruiting more first-generation students has


[A]reduced their dropout rates


[B]narrowed the achievement gap


[C] missed its original purpose


[D]depressed college students


27 The author of the research article are optimistic because


[A]the problem is solvable


[B]their approach is costless


[C] the recruiting rate has increased


[D]their finding appeal to students


28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students


[A]study at private universities


[B]are from single-parent families


[C]are in need of financial support


[D]have failed their collage


29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students


[A]are actually indifferent to the achievement gap


[B]can have a potential influence on other students


[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects


[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college


may infer from the last paragraph that――



[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class


[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources


[C]social class greatly helps en rich educational experiences


[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question



Text3


Even
in
traditional
offices
，
“the
lingua
franca
of
corporate
America
ha
s
gotten
much
more
emotional
and
much
more
right-brained
than
it
was
20
years
ago
，

Harvard
Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples
。
“If
you and
I
parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990
，
we would see much less frequent use of
terms
like
Journey
mission
passion.
There
were
goals
，
there
were
strategies
，
there
were
objectives
，
but we didn’t talk about energy
；
we didn’t talk about passion
。
”



Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”
-oriented-and
not by coincidence
。
“Let’s not forget sDorts
-in male-dominated corporate America
，
it’s still a
big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious
；
it’s the idea that I’m a coach
，
and you’re my team
，
and
we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in ve
ry different companies
，
but most

think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win
。



These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and
，
as Khurana points out
，
increase
allegiance
to the firm
。
“You
have
the importation
of
terminology
that
historically
used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations
：
Terms like
vision
，values
，
passion
，
and purpose
，
”said Khurana



This
new
focus
on
personal
fulfillment
can
help
keep
employees
motivated
amid
increasingly loud debates over work-
life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990s a re still
going on today prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like
Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In
，
whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like
unplug
，
offline
，
life- hack
，
bandwidth
，
and capacity are all about setting boundaries between
the office and the home But if your work is your “passion” you’ll be more likely to devote
yourself to it
，
even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids
are in bed


But this seems to be the irony of office speak
：
Everyone makes fun of it
，
but manage rs
love it
，
companies depend on it
，
and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said
，
“You
can get people to think it’s nonsense at t
he same time that you buy into it
。
” In a workplace
that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure
out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.


31. According to NancyKoehn office language has become________


[A]more e motional


[B]more objective


[C]less energetic


[D]less strategic


32.“team”
-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________


[A]historical incidents


[B]gender difference


[C]sports culture


[D]athletic executives


a believes that the importation of terminology aims to________


[A]revive historical terms


[B]promote company image


[C]foster corporate cooperation


[D]strengthen employee loyalty


can be inferred that Lean In_________


[A]voices for working women


[B]appeals to passionate workaholics


[C]triggers debates among mommies


[D]praises motivated employees


of the following statements is true about office speak?


[A]Managers admire it but avoid it


[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense


[C]Companies find it to be fundamental


[D]Regular people mock it but accept it