骑缝章英文-pleasure怎么读
WORD
资料
.
可编辑
2017
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word
(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today
is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once
again
1
that
technology
be
replacing
human
workers.
Some
imagine
that
the
coming
work-free
world
will
be
defined
by
2
.
A
few
wealthy
people
will
own
all
the
capital,
and
the
masses
will
struggle
in
an
impoverished
wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive
3
holds that the future will
be a wasteland of a different sort, one
4
by purposelessness:
Without
jobs
to
give
their
lives
5
,
people
will
simply
bec
ome
lazy
and depressed.
6
, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a
gre
at time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have
been
unemployed
for
at
least
a
year
report
having
depression,
double
the
rate for
7
Americans. Also, some research suggests that
the
8
for
rising
rates
of
mortality,
mental-health
problems,
and
addicting
9
poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of
well-paid
jobs.
Perhaps
this
is
why
many
10
the
agonizing
dullness
of a jobless future.
But it doesn’t
11
follow from findings like these that a world
without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on
the
12
of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of
employment. In the
13
of work, a society designed with other ends
in
mind
could
14
strikingly
different
circumstanced
for
the
future
of
labor
and
leisure.
Today,
the
15
of
work
may
be
a
bit
overblown.
“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human
potential,”
says
John
Danaher,
a
lecturer
at
the
National
University
of
Ireland in Galway.
These
days,
bec
ause
leisure
time
is
relatively
16
for
most
workers,
people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and
emotional
17
of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s
work, I often feel
18
,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in
which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—
perhaps
different enough to throw himself
19
a hobby or a passion project
with the intensity usually reserved for
20
matters.
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1
．
[A] boasting
[B] denying
[C]
warning
[D] ensuring
【答案】
[C] warning
2
．
[A] inequality
[B] instability
[C]
unreliability
[D] uncertainty
【答案】
[A] inequality
3
．
[A] policy
[B]guideline
resolution
[D] prediction
【答案】
[D] prediction
4
．
[A] characterized
[B]divided
balanced
[D]measured
【答案】
[A] characterized
5
．
[A] wisdom
[B] meaning
glory
[D] freedom
【答案】
[B] meaning
6
．
[A] Instead
[B]
Indeed
[C] Thus
Nevertheless
【答案】
[B] Indeed
7
．
[A] rich
[B]
urban
[C]working
educated
【答案】
[C] working
8
．
[A] explanation
[B] requirement
compen
sat
ion
[D] substitute
【答案】
[A] explanation
9
．
[A] under
[B]
beyond
[C] alongside
【答案】
[D] among
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[C]
[C]
[C]
[D]
[D]
[C]
[D] among
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10
．
[A]
leave
behind
[B]
make
up
[C]
worry
about
[D] set aside
【答案】
[C] worry about
11
．
[A] statistically
[B]
occasionally
[C] necessarily
[D]
economically
【答案】
[C] necessarily
12
．
[A] chances
[B]
downsides
[C] benefits
principles
【答案】
[B] downsides
13
．
[A] absence
[B]
height
[C] face
course
【答案】
[A] absence
14
．
[A] disturb
[B]
restore
[C] exclude
yield
【答案】
[D] yield
15
．
[A] model
[B]
practice
[C] virtue
hardship
【答案】
[C] virtue
16
．
[A] tricky
[B]
lengthy
[C]
mysterious
[D] scarce
【答案】
[D] scarce
17
．
[A] demands
[B]
standards
[C]
qualities
[D] threats
【答案】
[A] demands
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[D]
[D]
[D]
[D]
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18
．
[A] ignored
[B]
tired
[C] confused
[D]
starved
【答案】
[B] tired
19
．
[A] off
[B]
against
[C] behind
[D] into
【答案】
[D] into
20
．
[A] technological
[B]
professional
[C] educational
[D] interpersonal
【答案】
[B] professional
Section
II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing
A,
B,
C
or
D.
Mark
your
answers
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET
.
(40
points)
Text 1
Every
Sat
urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run
5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen
friends
and
has
inspired
400
events
in
the
UK
and
more
abroad.
Events
are
free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years
old to grandparents; their times range from
Andrew Baddeley’s world
record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun
is
succeeding
where
London’s
Olympic
“legacy”
is
failing.
Ten
years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30
th
Olympiad
would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the
gre
at legacy of
the
Games
would
be
to
level
a
nation
of
sport
lovers
away
from
their
couches.
The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It
has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by
nearly 2 million in the run
—
up to 2012
—
but the general population was
growing
faster.
Worse,
the
numbers
are
now
falling
at
an
accelerating
rate.
The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of
sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and
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children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed
to “inspire a generation.” The success of Park
run offers answers.
Parkun
is
not
a
race
but
a
time
trial:
Your
only
competitor
is
the
clock.
The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out
first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent
shining.
The
Olympic
bidders,
by
contrast,
wanted
to
get
more
people
doing
sports
and
to
produce
more
elite
athletes.
The
dual
aim
was
mixed
up:
The
stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed,
there
is
something
a
little
absurd
in
the
state
getting
involved
in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as
community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it
should
really
be
getting
involved
in
providing
common
goods
—
making
sure
there
is
space
for
playing
fields
and
the
money
to
pave
tennis
and
netball
courts,
and
encouraging
the
provision
of
all
these
activities
in
schools.
But successive governments have presided over selling
gre
en spaces,
squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport
in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments
need
to
do
more
to
provide
the
conditions
for
sport
to
thrive.
Or
at
least
not make them worse.
21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has
.
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C] strengthened community ties
[D]
bec
ome an official festival
【答案】
[A] gained great popularity
22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed
to
.
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C] improve the city’s image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
【答案】
[B] promote sport participation
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23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it
.
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
【答案】
[C] does not emphasize elitism
24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments
should
.
[A] organize “grassroots” sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in public sports facilities
【答案】
[D] invest in public sports facilities
25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports
is
.
[A] tolerant
[B] critical
[C] uncertain
[D] sympathetic
【答案】
[B] critical
Text 2
With so much focus
on children’s
use
of screens, it’s easy for
parents
to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck
on
you
in,”
says
Jenny
Radesky
in
her
study
of
digital
play,
“and
digital
products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to
disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-
over into the family routine. ”
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Radesky has studied the
use of mobile
phones and tablets
at mealtimes by
giving
mother-child
pairs
a
food-testing
exercise.
She
found
that
mothers
who
sued
devices
during
the
exercise
started
20
percent
fewer
verbal
and
39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a
separate observation, she saw that phones
bec
ame a source of tension in
the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children
would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their
world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive
—
as they often are
when absorbed in a device
—
it can be extremely disconcerting foe the
children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by
developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is
asked
to
interact
with
her
child
in
a
normal
way
before
putting
on
a
blank
expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child
becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s
attention.
“Parents
don’t
have
to
be
exquisitely
parents
at
all
times,
but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and
sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional
need,” says Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about
kids’
use
of
screens
are
born
out
of
an
“oppressive
ideology
that
demands
that
parents
should
always
be
interacting”
with
their
children:
“It’s
based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class
ideology
that
says
if
you’re
failing
to
expose
your
child
to
30,000
words
you are
neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just
bec
ause a child
isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to
it
—
particularly
if it
gives
parents
time
to
have
a
shower,
do
housework
or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot
out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of
the
way.
This
can
make
them
feel
happier,
which
lets
then
be
more
available
to their child the rest of the time.
ing to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.
[A] simplify routine matters
[B] absorb user attention
[C] better interpersonal relations
[D] increase work efficiency
【答案】
[B] absorb user attention
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y’s food
-
testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices
______.
[A] takes away babies’ appetite
[B] distracts children’s attention
[C] slows down babies’ verbal development
[D] reduces mother-child communication
【答案】
[D] reduces mother-child communication
y’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C] children are insensiti
ve to changes in their parents’ mood
[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents
to_______.
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens
【答案】
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
30. According to Tronic
k, kid’s use of screens may_______.
[A] give their parents some free time
[B] make their parents more creative
[C] help them with their homework
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[D] help them
bec
ome more attentive
【答案】
[A] give their parents some free time
Text 3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in
conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world
often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking
a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the
fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going
to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing
som
ething that isn’t academic.
But
while
this
may
be
true,
it’s
not
a
good
enough
reason
to
condemn
gap
years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else
on
the
socially
perpetuated
“race
to
the
finish
line,”
whether
that
be
toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite
common
misconceptions,
a
gap
year
does
not
hinder
the
success
of
academic
pursuits
—
in fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies
from
the
United
States
and
Australia
show
that
students
who
take
a
gap
year
are
generally
better
prepared
for
and
perform
better
in
college
than
those
who
do
not.
Rather
than
pulling
students
back,
a
gap
year
pushes
them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and
environmental changes
—
all things that first-year students often
struggle with the most.
Gap year experiences
can lessen the
blow when it
comes
to
adjusting
to
college
and
being
thrown
into
a
brand
new
environment,
making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than
acclimation blunders.
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to
explore
interests,
then
consider
its
financial
impact
on
future
academic
choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics,
nearly
80
percent
of
college
students
end
up
changing
their
majors
at
least
once.
This
isn’t
surprising,
considering
the
basic
mandatory
high
school
curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves
listing
one
major
on
their
college
applications,
but
switching
to
another
after
taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but
depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after
switching
too
late
in
the
game.
At
Boston
College,
for
example,
you
would
have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school
from
another
department.
Taking
a
gap
year
to
figure
things
out
initially
can help prevent stress and save money later on.
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31. One of the reasons for high- school graduates not taking a gap year
is that
.
[A] they think it academically misleading
[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
【答案】
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year
helps
.
[A] keep students from being unrealistic
[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
【答案】
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning
to
.
[A] adaptation
[B] application
[C] motivation
[D] competition
【答案】
[A] adaptation
34.
A
gap
year
may
save
money
for
students
by
helping
them
.
[A] avoid academic failures
[B] establish long-term goals
[C] switch to another college
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[D] decide on the right major
【答案】
[D] decide on the right major
35. The most suitable title for this text would be
.
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back
[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma
【答案】
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year
Text 4
Though
often
viewed
as
a
problem
for
western
states,
the
growing
frequency
of wildfires is a national concern
bec
ause of its impact on federal tax
dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and
management.
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half
of its $$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires
—
nearly double the
percentage
it
spent
on
such
efforts
20
years
ago.
In
effect,
fewer
federal
funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—
such as forest
conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and
infrastructure upkeep
—
that affect the lives of all Americans.
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies
are going into construction in fire- prone districts. As Moritz puts it,
how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost
to a wildfire?
“It’s
already
a
huge
problem
from
a
public
expenditure
perspective
for
the
whole
country,”
he
says.”
We
need
to
take
a
magnifying
glass
to
that.
Like,
“Wait
a
minute,
is
this
OK?”
“Do
we
want
instead
to
redirect
those
funds to concentrate on lower-
hazard parts of the landscape?”
Such
a
view
would
require
a
corresponding
shift
in
the
way
US
society
today
views fire, researchers say.
For one thing, conver
sat
ions about wildfires need to be more inclusive.
Over
the
past
decade,
the
focus
has
been
on
climate
change
—
how
the
warming
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of the Earth from
gre
enhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen
fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the
expense of the rest of the equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the
interactions
go
both
ways,”
he
sa
ys.
Failing
to
recognize
that,
he
notes,
leads to “an overly simplified
view
of what
the solutions might
be. Our
perception of the problem and of what the solution is
bec
omes very
limited.”
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs
to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says
Professor
Balch
at
the
University
of
Colorado.
But
acknowledging
fire
’s
inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing
the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she
says.
“We’ve
disconnected
ourselves
from
living
with
fire,”
Balch
says.
“It
is
really
important
to
understand
and
try
and
tease
out
what
is
the
human
connection with fire today.”
36.
More
frequent
wildfires
have
become
a
national
concern
because
in
2015
they
.
[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states
[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
【答案】
[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to
.
[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas
[B] avoid the redirection of federal money
[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds
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【答案】
[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds
38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes
that
.
[A] public debates have not settled yet
[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving
[C] other factors should not be overlooked
[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place
【答案】
[C] other factors should not be overlooked
39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing
to
.
[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature
[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems
[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life
[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature
【答案】
[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature
40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man
should
.
[A] do away with
[B] come to terms with
[C] pay a price for
[D] keep away from
【答案】
[B] come to terms with
Part B
Directions:
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Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left
column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are
two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly
from
Donald
Trump.
“We
don’t
make
anything
anymore,”
he
told
Fox
News,
while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Without
question,
manufacturing
has
taken
a
significant
hit
during
recent
decades,
and
further
trade
deals
raise
questions
about
whether
new
shocks
could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across
the
country,
factory
owners
are
now
grappling
with
a
new
challenge:
instead
of
having
too
many
workers,
they
may
end
up
with
too
few.
Despite
trade
competition
and
outsourcing,
American
manufacturing
still
needs
to
replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials
may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are
recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For
factory
owners,
it
all
adds
up
to
stiff
competition
for
workers
—
and
upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job
offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a
family-
owned
firm,
“They
may
be
coming
[into
the
workforce],
but
they’ve
been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as
manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to
the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding
equipment
that
his
father
cofounded
in
1980,
Robert
Roth
keep
a
close
eye
on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr.
Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement
program, with a starting wage of $$13 an hour that rises to $$17 after two
years.
At
a
worktable
inside
the
transformer
plant,
young
Jason
Stenquist
looks
flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival
of two visitors. It
’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice
of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before
switching
to
electrical
engineering.
“I
love
working
with
tools.
I
love
creating.” he says.
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