友情链接英文英语词汇学综合练

2021年1月19日发(作者：nontoxic)

英语词汇学综合练习

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false

1.
The
transitional
period
from
Old
English
to
Modern
English
is
known
as
Middle
English
(1100-1500), which is characterized by the strong influence of French.

2. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are loan words.

3. Acronyms and derivations are all processes of shortening words or word groups.
4.
Componential
analysis
enables
us
to
have
an exact knowledge
of
the
conceptual
meaning
of
words.
5. Polysemy is an essential feature of a language
’
s economy and efficiency.
6. The great majority of the basic word stock of the English language are native words, that is,
words of Anglo-Saxon origin.

7. Clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word, which is also available in
its full form.

8. Content words have lexical meaning but no grammatical words.
9. The impact of context on meaning differs from one word to another and from one instance or
passage to another.
10. When an idiom is reordered, its sense is usually destroyed.

11. There is an intrinsic connection between the sound symbol and the sense of all English words.
12. Inflectional affixes have only grammatical meanings.
13. The most important development of the English language in the United States has been in the
grammatical structure.

14.
“
Aliens
”

are
foreign
borrowings
which
have
been
naturalized
in
English
in
terms
of
pronunciation and spelling.

15. Many established suffixes in English are still active today in producing new derivatives.

16. The classification of morphemes into free and bound is now considered more scientific than
the classification of morphemes into roots and affixes.

17.
The
coinage
of
common
words
from
proper
names
constitutes
one
of
the
major
types
of
English word formation.

18.
The
ability
of
one
word
to
denote
several
senses
is
one
of
the
basic
peculiarities
of
human
speech.

19. All roots can stand alone as words.


20.
“
Composition
”
is a word-building process in which a word is formed through joining two or
even more existing words (or free morphemes).

21. The meaning of a word, esp. that of a polysemous word, is often determined by the context in
which it occurs.

22. During the Renaissance English borrowed a large number of Latin and Greek words.

23. Words like
“
coup d etat
”
and
“détente”
are usually considered to be foreign by native speakers
of English.

24. English is more closely related to German than French.

25. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.

26. Old English was a highly inflected language.

27. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.

28. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French,
Scandinavian and Italian.


1

29.
The
major
factors
that
promote
the
growth
of
modern
English
vocabulary
are
advances
in
sciences and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages.
30.
The
most
important
mode
of
vocabulary
development
in
present- day
English
is
creation
of
new words by means of word-formation.

31. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words with a little change in word
endings.

32.
Open
compounds
look
like
free
phrases
as
the
elements
forming
each
word
are
written
separately.

33. As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.

34.
A
compound
functions
as
a
single
grammatical
unit,
so
the
internal
structure
can
not
be
changed.

35. Such words as
the poorer, the departed, a Republica
n are all examples of partial conversion.

36. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.

37. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.

38. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates the attitude of the
user.

39. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its
origin.

40. Relative terms are relational opposites, which include verbs reversing the action of each other.
41. Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed.

42. Some idioms deny analysis in terms of grammar.

43. Idioms are characterized by terseness, expressiveness and vividness.

44. The prefix
“
de
”
is polysemic.

45. The basic word stock is made up of native words exclusively.

46. Complete or absolute synonyms are very rare in English.


II.
The
following
are
multiple-choice
questions.
Mark
your
answer
by
circling
A,
B,
C,
or
D
which best completes the sentence.

1. The English language from




to the present is called Modern English.



A. 450





B. 1100





C. 1500




D. 1800
2. The sentence
“
John was fired for petty
thieving”
is stylistically






.



A. literal




B. colloquial



C. archaic



D. neutral
3. Of the following words,







is an acronym.

4. The definition of a word given in the dictionary is called its





meaning.



A. connotative


B. denotative


C. stylistic




D. affective

5.
The
language
the
early
immigrants
brought
with
them
to
America
was
different
from
present-day English; the greatest difference lies in







.



A. spelling



B. pronunciation



C. grammar



D. vocabulary
6.






serves as a typical example of euphemism.



A.
“
Pious
”
means
“
hypocritical virtuous
”



B.
“
A mental hospital
”
referring to
“
a madhouse
”



C.
“
A landscape architect
”
meaning
“
a garden
”



D.
“
Slow learners
”
referring to
“
underachievers
”

7. The word
“
success
”
used to mean
“
result, outcome
”
; now it means a
“
favourable outcome or

2

result
”
. This is an example of





of meaning.



A. elevation


B. degeneration



C. extension



D. restriction

8. Middle English began with the





conquest of England in 1066.



A. Greek



B. Norman


C. Danish




D. Roman

9. New words in a language are also referred to as







.


A. archaisms


B. neologisms


C. colloquialisms


D. euphemisms
10. The branch of linguistics treating of word origins is called






.


A. grammatology


B. phraseology


C. lexicology


D. etymology

11. The root
“
-retain
”
as in
“
maintain
”
,
“
retain
”
and
“
detain
”
means






.



A. to hold


B. to give


C. to get



D. to put

12. The suffix
“
ling
”
as in
“
hireling
”
and
“
weakling
”
has a






shade of meaning.



A. poetic



B. euphemistic



C. commendatory



D. derogatory

13.
“
Bank
”
has the meanings of
“
land along the side of a river
”
and
“
a place in which money is
kept and paid out
”
. This is an example of





.


A. polysemy


B. homonymy



C. hyponymy



D. homophony

14.
“
Journey
”
originally meant
“
a day
’
s walk
”
. Now it means
“
distance
traveled”
. This is a case
of







.



A. generalization


B. specialization


C. degeneration


D. amelioration

15. He is one of my fast friends.
“
Fast
”
here means






.



A. rapid


B. steadfast



C. secure




D. sensitive
16. The history of English begins with the conquest of what is now England by the Angles, Saxons
and the





.


A. Scandinavians



B. Danes



C. Jutes



D. Norsemen
17. In Modern English, most Greek borrowings came into English through






.



A. German





B. Dutch




C. Latin




D. Celtic

18. Idioms are usually semantically






.



A. determined



B. opaque



C. arranged



D. flexible
19.
The
language
which
has
most
seriously
affected
present-day
British
English
is
probably
contemporary






.


A. Yiddish





B. French




C. Spanish




D. American

20.
“
Donate
”
resulting from
“
donation
”
is an example of






.


A. clipping




B. compounding



C. reduplication



D. back-formation

21.







is not a pair of contrasting words.



A. High, bright



B. Empty, full



C. Rough, gentle


D. Fair, dark
22. The prefix in the word





does not change it to a different word-class.



A. endanger



B. unearth




C. antiwar



D. unfair
23. The use of
“
senior citizen
”
for old people is a case of






.



A. vulgarism


B. euphemism



C. colloquialism


D. archaism

24.
“
Tired
”
and
“
fatigued
”
are synonyms, but they differ in






.



A. denotative meaning














B. connotative meaning



C. stylistic meaning
















D. affective meaning

25.






is a non-productive affix.



A.
“
anti
”
as in
“
antiwar
”













B.
“
with
”
as in
“
withhold
”



C.
“
mal
”
as in
“
maltreat
”













D.
“
un
”
as in
“
unjust
”


3

26. Words formed from elements of mixed origins are called






.


A. hybrids



B. translation loans


C. hyponyms


D. taboos
27. Since World War II,







gives rise to the largest percentage of new words in the English
language.



A. compounding



B. derivation



C. conversion



D. borrowing

28.
“
Watergate
”
meaning a political scandal is derived from the name of a






.


A. person





B. building




C. trademark




D. literary character

29. The words in the group





make up a semantic field.



A.
“
father, teacher, son, brother
”





B.
“
red, white, rose, milk
”



C.
“
sorrow, grief, regret
”











D.
“
socks, slippers, shoes, glass
”

30. The three foreign languages that have exercised the greatest influence on the development of
the English vocabulary are









.



A. German, French and Italian






B. Greek, Latin and French


C. Italian, Spanish and German






D. Greek, Italian and Celtic
31. The word
”

pioneer”
, originally meaning
“
foot-soldier
”
, is an example of







.


A. extension of meaning











B. elevation of meaning



C. degeneration of meaning









D. narrowing of meaning

32.
English
has
borrowed
a
large
number
of
words
from
various
foreign
languages,
and
such
words as
“
ballet
”
and
“
chauffeur
”
are examples of







.



A. denizens


B. semantic borrowings

C. translation loans

D. aliens
34. Broadly speaking, words of deep emotional content are likely to be






.


A. those of foreign origin





B. those newly formed



C. those long handed down from English origin




D. those not frequently used
35. A morpheme is a two-facet language unit which possesses both



and meaning.



A. function


B. letters





C. syllable





D. sound
36. The language brought to North America by the British explorers in the seventeenth century
belongs to the early stage of





English.


A. Old


B. Middle



C. Modern



D. Contemporary

37. The word
“
villain
”
, originally meaning
“
a man who worked on a farm or villa
”
, is an example
of








.


A. elevation of meaning













B. degradation of meaning



C. narrowing of meaning












D. extension of meaning

38. The noun
“
dissatisfaction
”
is formed by a word-building process known as








.


A. derivation



B. composition



C. blending




D. back-formation

39. The idiomatic expression in
“
the old fellow has kicked the bucket
”
means






.


A. The old fellow has struck a pail with his feet

B. The old man has passed away



C. The old man has gone to the bucket








D. The old pail has been damaged
40.
“
Sow
”
(put seeds in soil) and
“
sow
”
(a fully grown female pig) are








.



A. homophones


B. homographs


C. hyponyms


D. perfect synonyms
41. The verb
“
sculpt
”
is probably due to the process of






.



A. clipping


B. back-formation



C. acronymy



D. reduplication

42. The word
“
knight
”
, which originally meant
“
youth
”
or
“
servant
”
, gives an example of





.



A. restriction


B. elevation



C. degeneration


D. extension

43. The sentence
“
Feeling fatigued, Tom retired early
”
is stylistically





.

4




A. colloquial



B. slang



C. literary



D. neutral

44.
“
Beautiful
”
and
“
ugly
”
form a pair of








.



A. complementaries



B. gradable antonyms


C. marked antonyms


D. conversives

45. The part
“
-ceive
”
in the verb
“
conceive
”
is






.


A. a free root


B. an inflectional affix


C. a bound root



D. a derivational affix

46. The majority of back-formed words are








.


A. nouns


B. adjectives



C. verbs



D. adverbs
47.
“
Tired
”
and
“
fatigued
”
are synonyms, but they differ in








meaning .


A. affective


B. stylistic



C. denotative



D. connotative

48. The word
“
dilly-dally
”
characterizes the process of








.



A. clipping



B. acronym



C. reduplication



D. back-formation

49. The prefix
“
de
”
in
“
debug
”
and
“
defrost
”
means







.


A. to add



B. to drop



C. to remove


D. to break
50. Today the largest number of words formed by conversion are






.
A. nouns from verbs

B. verbs from nouns

C. adjectives from verbs

D. verbs from adjectives

51.
The
word
“

fond
”
,
which
originally
meant
“
foolish
”
,
gives
an
illustration
of






of
meaning.



A. degeneration



B. restriction



C. extension



D. elevation

52. The semantic relationship between the word
“
willow
”
and
“
tree
”
is one of







.



A. synonymy



B. homonymy


C. antonymy



D. hyponymy

53.
“
Starve
”
used to mean
“
to die
”
. Now it means
“
to die of hunger
”
. This is a case of







.


A. generalization

B. specialization


C. degeneration


D. elevation

54. The words
“
worked
”
and
“
working
”
have the same






.



A. denotative meaning












B. connotative meaning



C. lexical meaning















D. grammatical meaning




55. Antonyms are found primarily in









.


A. qualitative adjectives



B. possessive adjectives



C. possessive pronouns




D. conjunctions

56.
“
Principle
”
and
“
principal
”
are








.


A. homophones


B. homographs



C. hyponyms


D. perfect synonyms
57. The difference between sound and form are due to








.


A. the fact of more letters than phonemes in English


B. stabilization of spelling by printing



C. influence of the working of students



D. innovations made by linguists

58.
Statesman
is an appreciative word while
politician
is a





word.



A. colloquial



B. derogatory


C. commendatory



D. neutral

59.
Happy
and
unhappy
are a pair of







.


A. non-gradable antonyms


B. root antonyms

C. derivational antonyms

D. conversives

60. The
noun
“
flu
”

comes
from
the
word
“
influenza
”
. This
is
an
example
of
the word-building
process known as






.


A. shortening/clipping


B. back-formation


C. functional shift


D. conversion

61. Words completely out of current use are called





.


A. archaic


B. poetic



C. slang



D. obsolete


5