videos是什么意思2017年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2021年1月19日发(作者：七夕英文)
2017
年考研英语二真题

Section I Use of English
Directions
：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,
C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

People
have
speculated
for
centuries
about
a
future
without

is
no
different
，

with
academics
，

writers
，

and
activists
once
again
1
that
technology
is
replacing
human
workers.
Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will
own all the capital
，

and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..


A
different
and
not
mutually
exclusive
3
holds
that
the
future
will
be
a
wasteland
of
a
different sort
，

one 4 by purposelessness
：

Without jobs to give their lives 5
，

people will simply
become
lazy
and
depressed.
6
today’s
unemployed
don’t
seem
to
be
having
a
great
time.
One
Gallup
poll
found
that
20 percent
of
Americans
who
have
been
unemployed
for
at
least
a
year
report having depression
，

double the rate for 7 Americans. Also
，

some research suggests that the
8
for
rising
rates
of
mortality
，

mental-health
problems
，

and
addicting9
poorly-educated
middle-aged
people
is
shortage
of
well- paid
jobs.
Perhaps
this
is
why
many
10
the
agonizing
dullness of a jobless future.


But it doesn’t
11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled
with
unease.
Such
visions
are
based
on
the
12
of
being
unemployed
in
a
society
built
on
the
concept
of
employment.
In
the
13
of
work
，

a
society
designed
with
other
ends
in
mind
could
14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today
，

the
15 of
work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring
，

degrading
，

unhealthy
，

and a waste of
human potential
，
” says John Danaher
，

a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.


These days
，

because leisure time is relatively
16 for most workers
，

people use their free
time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional
17
of their jobs. “When I come home from
a hard day’s w
ork
，

I often feel
18
，
” Danaher says
，

adding
，

“In a world in which I don’t have
to work
，

I might feel rather different”—
perhaps different enough to throw himself
19 a hobby
or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for
20 matters.


1.
[A] boasting


[B] denying

[C] warning


[D] ensuring


2.
[A] inequality


[B] instability

[C] unreliability


[D] uncertainty


3.
[A] policy


[B]guideline

[C] resolution



[D] prediction


4.
[A] characterized


[B]divided

[C] balanced


[D]measured


5.
[A] wisdom



[B] meaning

[C] glory


[D] freedom


6.
[A] Instead


[B] Indeed


[C] Thus

[D] Nevertheless


7.
[A] rich


[B] urban

[C]working


[D] educated


8.
[A] explanation


[B] requirement

[C] compensation

[D] substitute


9.
[A] under


[B] beyond

[C] alongside


[D] among


10.
[A] leave behind

[B] make up

[C] worry about

[D] set aside


11.
[A] statistically



[B] occasionally
[C] necessarily


[D] economically


12.
[A] chances


[B] downsides

[C] benefits


[D] principles


13.
[A] absence


[B] height

[C] face



[D] course

1
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

[A] disturb


[B] restore

[C] exclude


[A] model


[B] practice

[C] virtue


[A] tricky


[B] lengthy

[C] mysterious

[A] demands


[B] standards

[C] qualities


[A] ignored


[B] tired

[C] confused


[A] off



[B] against

[C] behind


[A] technological

[B] professional
[C] educational



Section II Reading Comprehension
[D] yield
[D] hardship
[D] scarce
[D] threats
[D] starved
[D] into
[D] interpersonal
Part A
Directions
：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
（
40 points
）

Text 1
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local
park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK
and
more
abroad. Events
are
free,
staffed
by
thousands
of
volunteers.
Runners
range
from
four
years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48
seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic
it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents
pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from
their
couches.
The
population
would
be
fitter,
healthier
and
produce
more
winners.
It
has
not
happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run
－
up to
2012
－
but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an
accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a
week
have
nearly
halved.
Obesity
has
risen
among
adults
and
children.
Official
retrospections
continue as to why London 2012 failed to
answers.
Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes
anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is
about
top
talent
shining.
The
Olympic
bidders,
by
contrast,
wanted
to
get
more
people
doing
sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over
taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a
fundamentally

concept
as
community
sports
associations.
If
there
is
a
role
for
government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods
－
making sure there
is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the
provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling
green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.
Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions
for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.

2
A
．
gained great popularity
B
．
created many jobs
C
．
strengthened community ties
D
．
become an official festival
22. The author believes that London's Olympic
A
．
boost population growth
B
．
promote sport participation
C
．
improve the city's image
D
．
increase sport hours in schools
n is different from Olympic games in that it_____.
A
．
aims at discovering talents
B
．
focuses on mass competition
C
．
does not emphasize elitism
D
．
does not attract first-timers
regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.
A
．
organize
B
．
supervise local sports associations
C
．
increase funds for sports clubs
D
．
invest in public sports facilities
25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.
A
．
tolerant
B
．
critical
C
．
uncertain
D
．
sympathetic

Text 2
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget ab
out their own
screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital
play,

digital
products
are
there
to
promote
maximal
engagement.
It
makes
it
hard
to
disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the
family routine.”

Radesky
has
studied
the
use
of
mobile
phones
and
tablets
at
mealtimes
by
giving
mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the
exercise
started
20
percent
fewer
verbal
and
39
percent
fewer
nonverbal
interactions
with
their
children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the
family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids
for their attention.
Infants are
wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces
are blank and unresponsive
—
as they often are when absorbed in a device
－
it can be extremely
disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devis
ed by developmental
psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal
way
before
putting
on
a
blank
expression
and
not
giving
them
any
visual
social
feedback;
The
child becomes increasingly distressed as
she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be
responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,
s

3
Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens
are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”
with
their
children:
“It’s
based
on
a
somewhat
fantasized
,
very
white,
very
upper-middle-class
ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”
Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no
value to it
－
particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a
break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend
or
get
some
work
out
of
the
way.
This
can
make
them
feel
happier,
which
lets
then
be
more
available to their child the rest of the time.
26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.
A
．
simplify routine matters
B
．
absorb user attention
C
．
better interpersonal relations
D
．
increase work efficiency

27. Rade
sky’s food
-
testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.

A
．
takes away babies’ appetite

B
．
distracts children’s attention

C
．
slows down babies’ verbal development

D
．
reduces mother-child communication

y’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

A
．
it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
B
．
verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
C
．
children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

D
．
parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.
A
．
protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
B
．
teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
C
．
ensure constant interaction with their children
D
．
remain concerned about kid's use of screens

30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

A
．
give their parents some free time
B
．
make their parents more creative
C
．
help them with their homework
D
．
help them become more attentive
Text 3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly
high
expectations
in
a
fast-moving
world
often
causes
students
to
completely
overlook
the
possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it
seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel

4
natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

But
while
this
may
be
true,
it’s
not
a
good
enough
reason
to
condemn
gap
years.
There's
alway
s
a
constant
fear
of
falling
behind
everyone
else
on
the
socially
perpetuated
“race
to
the
finish
line,”
whether
that
be
toward
graduate
school,
medical
school
or
lucrative
career.
But
despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits
－
in
fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies
from
the
United
States
and
Australia
show
that
students
who
take
a
gap
year
are
generally
better
prepared
for
and
perform
better
in
college
than
those
who
do
not.
Rather
than
pulling
students
back,
a
gap
year
pushes
them
ahead
by
preparing
them
for
independence, new
responsibilities and environmental changes
－
all things that first-year students often struggle with
the
most.
Gap
year
experiences
can
lessen
the
blow
when
it
comes
to
adjusting
to
college
and
being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities
rather than acclimation blunders.
If
you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a
year off
to explore interests, then
consider
its
financial
impact
on
future
academic
choices.
According
to
the
National
Center
for
Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least
once.
This
isn’t
surprising,
considering
the
basic
mandatory
high
school
curriculum
l
eaves
students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,
but
switching
to
another
after
taking
college
classes.
It’s
not
necessarily
a
bad
thing,
but
depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.
At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to
the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can
help prevent stress and save money later on.
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.
A
．
they think it academically misleading
B
．
they have a lot of fun to expect in college
C
．
it feels strange to do differently from others
D
．
it seems worthless to take off- campus courses

32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.
A
．
keep students from being unrealistic
B
．
lower risks in choosing careers
C
．
ease freshmen’s financial burdens

D
．
relieve freshmen of pressures

3
3. The word “acclimation”
（
Line 8, Para. 3
）

is closest in meaning to_____.
A
．
adaptation
B
．
application
C
．
motivation
D
．
competition
34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.
A
．
avoid academic failures
B
．
establish long-term goals
C
．
switch to another college

5
D
．
decide on the right major

35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.
A
．
In Favor of the Gap Year
B
．
The ABCs of the Gap Year
C
．
The Gap Year Comes Back
D
．
The Gap Year: A Dilemma
Text 4
Though
often
viewed
as
a
problem
for
western
states,
the
growing
frequency
of
wildfires
is
a
national
concern
because
of
its
impact
on
federal
tax
dollars,
says
Professor
Max
Moritz,
a
specialist in fire ecology and management.
In
2015,
the
US
Forest
Service
for
the
first
time
spent
more
than
half
of
its
$$5.5
billion
annual budget fighting fires
－
nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.
In
effect,
fewer
federal
funds
today
are
going
towards
the
agency's
other
work
－
such
as
forest
conservation,
watershed
and
cultural
resources
management,
and
infrastructure
upkeep
－
that
affect the lives of all Americans.
Another
nationwide
concern
is
whether
public
funds
from
other
agencies
are
going
into
construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes
that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he
says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want
instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-
hazard parts of the landscape?”

Such
a
view
would
require
a
corresponding
shift
in
the
way
US
society
today
views
fire,
researchers say.
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade,
the focus has been on climate change
－
how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is
leading to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest o
f the
equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both
ways,
solutions
might
be.
Our
perception
of
the
problem
and
of
what
the
solution
is
becomes
very
limited.”

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled
and
unleashed
only
out
of
necessity,
says
Professor
Balch
at
the
University
of
Colorado.
But
acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,
policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
“We’ve
disconnected
ourselves
from
living
with
fire,”
Balch
says.
“It
is
really
important
to
understan
d and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____.
A
．
exhausted unprecedented management efforts
B
．
consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C
．
severely damaged the ecology of western states
D
．
caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

6

37. Moritz calls for the use of
A
．
raise more funds for fire-prone areas
B
．
avoid the redirection of federal money
C
．
find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
D
．
guarantee safer spending of public funds
38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.
A
．
public debates have not settled yet
B
．
fire-fighting conditions are improving
C
．
other factors should not be overlooked
D
．
a shift in the view of fire has taken place

overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.
A
．
discover the fundamental makeup of nature
B
．
explore the mechanism of the human systems
C
．
maximize the role of landscape in human life
D
．
understand the interrelations of man and nature
sor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.
A
．
do away with
B
．
come to terms with
C
．
pay a price for
D
．
keep away from

Part B
Directions
：

Read
the
following
text
and
match
each
of
the
numbered
items
in
the
left
column
to
its
corresponding
information
in
the
right
column.
There
are
two
extra
choices
in
the
right
column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
（
10 points
）

The
decline
in
American
manufacturing
is
a
common
refrain,
particularly
from
Donald
Trump.

clothing line.
Without
question,
manufacturing
has
taken
a
significant
hit
during
recent
decades,
and
further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too
many
workers,
they
may
end
up
with
too
few.
Despite
trade
competition
and
outsourcing,
American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years.
Millennials
may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them
with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers
－
and upward pressure on
wages.
Coil Spring, a family-owned firm,
plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,
bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.

7
At
RoMan
Manufacturing,
a
maker
of
electrical
transformers
and
welding
equipment
that
his
father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five
are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement
program, with a starting wage of $$13 an hour that rises to $$17 after two years.
At
a
worktable
inside
the
transformer
plant,
young
Jason
Stenquist
looks
flustered
by
the
copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job.
Asked
about
his
choice
of
career,
he
says
at
high
school
he
considered
medical
school
before
switching to electrical engineering.
But
to
win
over
these
young
workers,
manufacturers
have
to
clear
another
major
hurdle:
parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling
them to avoid the factory. Millennials
blame it on the manufacturing recession,
business development agency for western Michigan.
These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in
1970
to
12
million
in
2013.
When
the
recovery
began,
worker
shortages
first
appeared
in
the
high- skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

gap
is
between
the
jobs
that
take
to
skills
and
those
that
require
a
lot
of
skill,
says
Rob
Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College.
jobs
at
McDonalds
and
other
places
where
you
don't
need
to
have
much
skill.
It's
that
gap
in
between, and that's where the problem is.
Julie
Parks
of
Grand
Rapids
Community
points
to
another
key
to
luring
Millennials
into
manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young
people
value
flexibility.

is
not
attractive
to
this
generation.
They
really
want
to
live
their lives,

[A]
says
that
he
switched
to
electrical
engineering

because he loves working with tools
。

[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the
41 Jay Deuwell
jobs that don’t need much skill
。

[C]
points
out
that
the
US
doesn’t
manufacture
42 Jason Stenquist
anything anymore
。

[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye
43 Birgit Klohs
on the age of his workers
。

[E] says that for factory owners
，

workers are harder
44 Rob Spohr
to find because of stiff competition
。


8
[F]
points
out
that
a
work/life
balance
can
attract
Parks
young people into manufacturing
。

[G]
says
that
the
manufacturing
recession
is
to

blame for the lay-
off the young people’s parents
。



Section III Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46. My Dream


My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.
Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking
that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was
not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided
that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would
study
journalism,
because
writing
was,
and
still
is,
one
of
my
favourite
activities.
But,
to
be
absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I
knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!
Section IV Writing
Part A
51

Directions:
Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a
group of international students. Write a reply to

1
）
Accept the invitation, and

2
）
Introduce the key points of your presentation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.
Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming

” instead.

Do not write the address .(10 points)



52. Directions:


Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)


You should


1) interpret the chart, and


2) give your comments.

9