scale是什么意思新编大学英语 视听说 book3 Unit5 听力答案及文本

2021年1月19日发(作者：jang)

Unit 5 language
1Part 1
Listening I
Every culture has its own way of saying things, its own special expressions. These are the living
speech of a people. The
Soap
operas
are
radio
and
television
plays
about
the
problems
and
emotions
in
human
are called soap operas because the first programs-years ago-were paid for by
soap- making companies.

Like musical operas, soap operas are not about real people. And critics charge that they do not
represent
a
balanced
picture
of
real
life.
They
note
that
almost
everyone
in
a
soap
opera
has
a
serious emotional problem, or is guilty of a crime. And there are several crises in every program.
Yet,
soap
opera
fans do not
care
about
what
the
critics
say.
They
love
the
programs
and
watch
them every day.

Such loyalty has made soap operas very popular in the United States. In fact, A few programs are
so popular that they have been produced with the same actors for many years.
Another expression that uses the w
ord soap is “soap box”.

There was a time when soap and other products were shipped in wooden boxes. The boxes were
small, but strong. You could stand on one to see over the heads in a crowd or to be seen in a crowd.
Soap boxes were a simple, easy way to make yourself taller if you wanted to give a public speech.

Such soapbox speeches usually were political and one- sided. The speakers shouted their ideas to
anyone who walked by. Many talked for hours refusing to get off their soap boxes.
Today,
you don’t n
eed a wooden box to make a soapbox speech. Anyone, anywhere, who talks
endlessly about a cause is said to be on a soap box,.
Another, quieter way to win support or gain influence is to “soft
-
soap” a person. This means to use
praise or other kind words to get the person to do what you want.

Exercise 1
1.

plays
，




real people
，



real life
，



emotional problem
，


popular
2.

public speech,


make


themselves

taller,

political,

one-sided
3.

soft-soap,


praise,

kind


Exercise 2
F

F

T

T

T

T

Listening II
A: Do you think learners should try to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation?
B: That's a difficult question to answer. I think the most important thing is to be understood easily.
For most learners, it's not necessary or desirable to speak like a native speaker. For some learners,
for example, those who eventually want to teach English, or be interpreters perhaps, a
native-speaker pronunciation is the ultimate goal. At least, that's what I think.
A: Children often do not want to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation. Why not?

B: In general, children are splendid mimics and imitate strange sounds very easily and well.
However, it is true that most children do not want to sound
English. This may be partly due to shyness but I think the main reason is that most children want
to belong to a group
—
they dress alike, listen to the same music, share the same opinions and
hobbies. Even if a child can speak English like a native speaker, he or she will usually choose not
to
—
unless, of course, the rest of the group speaks with a native-speaker pronunciation too.
A: What is the main reason why adults find pronunciation difficult?
B: Numerous reasons have been offered for the difficulties which many adults find with
pronunciation and, no doubt, there is some truth in all of these. It seems to be the case that
children are better mimics than adults. But if an adult really wants to achieve a native- speaker
pronunciation, then he or she can. It is NOT the student's own language that prevents him or her
from achieving a native-speaker pronunciation in English. It is the fact that the adult student has a
strong sense of national identity. In other words, he or she wants to be identified as a German or
Brazilian speaking English. In my opinion, this sense of national identity is more important than
other explanations, such as the greater anxiety of adults or the effect of their own language habits.


Exercise 1
1 C

2 A

3D

Exercise 2
1.

be understood easily
2.

necessary,

desirable
3.

splendid
4.

prevent,

from achieving
5.

anxiety,

effect


Listening III
(d
is
an
expert
on
bilingual
education.
She
has
a
show
on
radio
through
which
she
answers questions from parents about how to raise their children to be bilingual.)
d:
Hello, sir. You are on air.
John:
Oh, hello. d?
d
: Yes, How may I help you?
John
: d, my name is John. My wife Maria and I just had our first baby girl.
d
: Congratulations, John. You must be very excited.
John:
Yes, we are indeed. Here is why I called. Maria is from Peru, and speaks fluent Spanish and
fairly good English, depending on the situation. I am a native English speaker and I also speak
almost fluent Spanish. We live in the U.S and communicate in Spanish at home 95% of the time.
d
: I see. Please go on.
John
: My question is this: how should we communicate in order to ensure the bilingual successof
our child?
d
: OK. From what you told me I guess you and your wife have already started using

mostly Spanish with your newborn girl. Is that correct?
John:
Yes. I think using Spanish with her just feels kind of natural to both of us.
d
: That
is
fine,
because
language
uses
within
a
family
should
be natural:
we
use
the
languages to build a fa
mily relationship, not to “teach” the languages.

John:
But is it reasonable to assume that our baby will be exposed to enough English in the world
outside our house and therefore it will be OK for us to speak to her almost solely in Spanish?
d:

Well,
in
my
opinion,
yes.
And
I
also
believe
that
your
baby
will
have
a
lot
of
exposure to English at home as well. She will listen to not only music and talk on the TV, but also
relative
and
friends
who
are
visiting
or
telephoning.
Besides,
she
may
also
have
English
input
from you yourself: for example, you may want to sing to her the English-language nursery rhymes
that you remember from your own childhood.
John:
Ok. That really eases my mind. Thank you so much, d.
d:
You are welcome.


Exercise 1
T F F F T T

Exercise 2
1.

fairly good
2.

ensure,

success
3.

natural,

family relationship
4.

exposure
5.

visiting or telephoning


Listening IV
Talk
show
host:

Welcome
to
tonight's
program.
Our
guest
is
Dr.
Charles
Adams,
language
learning specialist. His book, Learning a Language over Eggs and Toast is on the best seller list.
Welcome.
Dr. Adams:
Thank you.
Talk show host:
Tell us about the title of your book.
Dr. Adams:
First, it is important to establish a regular study program, like planning a few minutes
every morning around breakfast time .
Talk show host :
But, I took Spanish for four years and I didn't become a proficient speaker of it.
Dr. Adams:
Well , we can become fluent speakers in a matter of a few minutes here and there.
We should follow a regular course of study and remember that there is a difference between native
fluency and proficiency in a language. I propose the latter.
Talk show host:
What are the basic keys you suggest ?
:

People
must
organize
their
study
by
setting
realistic
and
attainable
goals
Some
people think they can learn
the language in 30 days and become discouraged when they can’t..
Small steps are the key. Learning five new words a day and learning to use them actively is far
better than learning 30 and forgetting them the next day.
Talk show host:
Um-hum. You mentioned

individual learning styles. Can you explain what you

mean by learning style?
:
Sure .People have different ways of learning .Some

are visual learners who prefer to
see
models
of
the
patterns
they
are
expected
to
learn.
Other
are
auditory
learners
who
favor
hearing
instructions
over
reading
them..
Our
preferences
are
determined
by
factors

such
as
personality ,culture, and past experiences.
Talk Show Host:
What is your learning style?
Dr. Adams:
I learn by doing.

Talk show host:
What do you mean by that?
:
I
know
it
might
sound
unusual,
but
moving
around
while
trying
to
learn
helps

I
cut
up
tomatoes
and
onions
for
my
breakfast
in
the
morning
,I
might
recite
aloud
vocabulary to the rhythm of the knife .
Talk show host :
What is my learning style?
:
You're going to have to read my book to find that out.

Talk show host :
Okay Thank for joining us.
:
My pleasure.

Exercise 1
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B

Exercise 2
1.

Eggs,

Toast
2.

realistic,

far better than , forgetting
3.

determined,

personality,

culture
4.

recite aloud

Part 2
Video Script
Alice:
So,each
of us
has
chosen
some
animals
that
we believe
use
,what
did
you
learn about whales and dolphins?
Peter:It was thought that only humans coummunicate over long distances.
Alice:How?
Peter:They
use
high
frequencies
which
can
carry
over
along
diatances .And,in
fact,researchers
seem to think that these animals seem to have a need to communicate with each
one researcher
thinks that one day we’ll be to know what they’re talking about.

Alice:Good!.Henry,what did you find about...erm..elephants?
Henry:I found that elephants can commmunicate over long distances too., but they use very low
frequencies.I don’t konw whether you
could call their communication language or not ,but
I’ll look into it more .

Alice:Ok,Margaret,what about parrots?
Margaret:We’ve
all
read
about
parrots,but
I”ve
been
about
a
parrots
called,who
konws
971
isn’t counted as konwing a new word unless he’s used it at least five times in
a meaningful way. In other words, if he just repeats the word, it doesn’t count.

Alice:Do you have any examples of Nkisi’s language use?

Margaret: involves Jane Goodall, the famous went to see N
kisi .Nkisi’s

owner had shown him some pictures of Jane and some Jane walked
into the room, Nkisi said,”Got a chimp?”

Peter:That’funny.

Alice:Anything else?
Maegaret:Well,yes,when his owner broke the she was wearing, he said ,”What a pity!”You broke
your nice new necklace.”

Alice:I would certainly say he was using language.
Maegaret:
I
have
another
example
of
a
bird-like
animals-tamarins,using
long
calls
to
maintain
contact with ists have found that they have an individual and a group
duals in one group all sound quite different than individuals in another
group,something like accents we have.
Henry:Really?That’s very surprising!

Maegaret:Yes,what’s
more
amazing
is
they
have
even
a
sex
-specific
identity
besides
individual
identity,
so
they
can
distinguish
between
males,females,neighbors,and
strangers
just
like humans.
Henry:Great. Now,Alice,what can you report?
Alice;First of all,do we all agree that Amerrican ign Language is a language?
The others:Yes.
Alice:Well,,all
the
great
apes,
such
as
chimpanzees
and
gorillas,
can
learn
American
Sign
Lanuage.
Henry:That would take some real work on their part.
Alice:
what
is
amazing
to
me
is
that
each
kind
of
ape
can
teach
the
sign
language
to
others of their own kind.
Peter:I’ve
found
that
wolves
and
dogs
communicate
through
body
gestures
and
facial

instance,
aggressive
wolves
and
dogs
stand
tall
with
their
ears
raised,and
their head held high. They show their teeth, and raise their fur so that they look
may give a loud when they feel frightened or want to show obedience,they lower
their bodies, flatten their ears,tuck in their tails,and close their may roll over on
their back and lie there,belly up.
Margaret:I of
ten see dogs raise their rear and lower their forequarters in a kind of of “bow”. What
does that mean?
Peter:That means they want to play.
Henry:Well,did any of us find any information about bees’dancing?That’s a very good example of
how insects commmunicate with each other.
Alice:Yeah,I’ve
got

are
two
typical
dances
of
the
bees
:the
round
dance
and
the
tailwagging dance.
Henry:Can you explain then in detail?
Alice:Well,the round dance is the simplest dance .Ah...the bee performs it when it finds food near
the

doesn’t
provide
much
information;it’s
more
of .an...awakening
,if
the
bee
findsthe
food
it
will
start
going
in
a
small

one
or
two
circles
it
will
suddenlyreveese direction. Itcan go on for secondsand even minutes.
Henry:What happen next?
Alice:Erm...other bees follow the dancer and then fly off by themselves looking for food. If they
haven’t been feeding at that the place before,they willlook for food in every direction near