phd是什么医学英语阅读理解练习

2021年1月19日发(作者：archie)
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二

The common cold is the world's most widespread illness
，

which is plagues
（疫病）

that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy
（谬误）

of all is that colds caused by
cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses
（病毒）

passing on from person to
person. You catch a cold by coming into contact
，

directly or indirectly
，

with
someone who already has one. If cold causes colds
，

it would be reasonable to
expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated
arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into
contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and
mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long
periods in the trenches
（战壕），

cold and wet
，

showed no increased tendency to
catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz
concentration camp
（奥斯维辛集中营），

naked and starving
，

were astonished to
find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England
，

volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the
discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot
baths
，

they put on bathing suits
，

allowed themselves to be with cold water
，

and
then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while
others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers
came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If
，

then
，

cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds
，

why are they more
frequent in the winter
？
Despite the most pains-taking research
，

no one has yet
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found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay
together indoors more in cold weather than at other times
，

and this makes it
easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold.
There are drugs and pain suppressors
（止痛片）

such as aspirin
，

but all they do is
relieve the symptoms
（症状）。


1. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.


A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3


2. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage
？


A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.


B. Colds are not caused by cold.


C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.


D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.


3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.


A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions


B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather


C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions


D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world

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4. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit
_______.


A. suffered a lot


B. never caught colds


C. often caught colds


D. became very strong


5. The passage mainly discusses _______.


A. the experiments on the common cold


B. the fallacy about the common cold


C. the reason and the way people catch colds


D. the continued spread of common colds


「答案解析」本文通过大量事例证明感冒不是由寒冷引起的，

而是由病毒感染引起的。


1. B.
细节题。根据由第

2
段的两个例子、第

3
段的

1
个例子和第

4
段的两个例子可
知

B
为正确选项。


2. C.
细节题。

根据

One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to
stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times
，

and this makes it
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easier for cold viruses to be passed on
可知人们得感冒不是因为喜欢呆在家里，而是因
为经常呆在一起病毒更容易感染，故选

C.


3. D.
细节题。根据

And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being
free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the
outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes
可知北极地区探
险者是因为与外界接触后才得感冒的，故选

D.


4. A.
细节题。根据

After taking hot baths
，

they put on bathing suits
，

allowed
themselves to be with cold water
，

and then stood about dripping wet in drafty
room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to
exhaustion
可知志愿者要遭受极大的痛苦，故选

A. 5. C.
主旨题。阅读全文可 知本文首先
用大量事例从不同的侧面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，
最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原 因。
由
此可知

C
为正确答案。

2009
年高考英语阅读理解专项训练。附详解（医学类）

（
1
）


Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters
planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they
return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of
sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people
knew about the healing
（治疗）

powers of the sun
，

but this knowledge was lost. At
the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor
，

Niels Finsen
，

began to study
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the effect of sunlight on certain diseases
，

especially diseases of the skin. He was
interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially
（人造地）

produced
rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss
doctor
，

Auguste Rollier
，

made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine
is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important
：

the rays of the sun
with the greatest healing power are the infra-red
（红外线的）

and ultra-violet
（紫
外线的）

rays
；

but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air
near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight
，

fresh air and good food cure
a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of
tuberculosis with his
Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured
and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In
winter
，

wearing only shorts
，

socks and boots
，

the children put on their skis after
breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their
school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope
which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks
and chairs
，

and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes
，

Roller's
pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy
which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be
dangerous. If
，

for example
，

tuberculosis is attacking the lungs
，

unwise
sunbathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There
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are several in Switzerland
，

and since Switzerland is not the only country which has
the right conditions
，

there are similar schools in other places.


1. According to the passage
，

when did sunlight begin to play a more important
part in the treatment of disease
？


A. From ancient times.


B. At the end of the nineteenth century.


C. Not until this century.


D. Only very recently.


2. Why are a Danish doctor and a Swiss doctor mentioned in the second and
third paragraphs
？


A. Because they both made use of sunlight to treat illness.


B. Because they were the first people who used sunlight for treatment.


C. Because they were both famous European doctors.


D. Because they used sunlight in very different ways.


3. Dr Roller set up a


A. most children could stay in his hospital

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