superboy-chama
4
The Romantic period of American literature
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. In the early 19
th
century Rip Van Winkle had established
__________‘s reputation
at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.
2.
Emerson‘s first book in
1836____brought American Romanticism into a new phase,
the phase of New England Transcendentalism.
3. In the early 19
th
century, Washington Irving wrote ___which became the first work
by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.
4. In 1828, _____published his
An American Dictionary of the English language
.
5.
In
1755,
______published
his
remarkable
dictionary
named
Dictionary
of
the
English language.
6.
_______‘s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.
The Raven
is his
best- known poem.
7.
The
civil
war
of
18661~1865
ended
in
the
defeat
of
the
Southerners
and
the
abolition of______.
8. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called______.
9. The Transcendental Club often met at
_____‘s home in Concord.
10.
Leaves of Grass
, either in content or form, is an epoch-making work in American
literature;
its
democratic
content
marked
the
shift
from
___
to
____,
and
its
____from
broke
from
old
poetic
conventions
to
open
a
new
road
for
American
poetry.
11. ____was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.
12. At 19 in 1802____began to write a series of sketches or essays on the theatre and
the New York society, using the name of Jonathan Oldstyle.
13.
In Washington Irving‘s work
____appeared the first modern short stories and the
first great American juvenile literature.
14. In pairs, Washington Irving met John Howard Payne, the American dramatist and
actor,
with
whom
Irving
wrote
his
brilliant
social
comedy____,
or
The
Merry
Monarch.
15. In 1823 Cooper James Fenimore wrote The Pioneers, the first of the five novels
that make up ____.The remaining four books:
The Last of Mohicans
(1826),
The
Prairie
(1827),
The Pathfinder
(1840),
and
The Deerslayer
(1841), continue the
story of Natty Bumppo, one of the most famous characters in American fiction.
16. The short story
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
is taken from Washington Irving‘s
work named______.
17. _____was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after
the Revolutionary War.
18. _____is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern
Pacific. In his master piece___, he tells a story of a Whaling voyage which is set a
symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.
19. Washington Irving‘s f
irst book appeared in was entitled ____.
20.
Washington
Irving
also
wrote
two
biographies,
one
is
The
Life
of
Oliver
1
Goldsmith
, and the other is____.
21. The first important American novelist was ____.
22. ____‘s
Rip Van Winkle
is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside
the main stream of life.
23. James Fenimore Cooper‘s novel ____ was a rousing tale about espionage against
the British during the Revolutionary War.
24.
The
best
of
James
Fenimore
Cooper‘s
sea
romances
was
____.The
her
o
of
the
novel represents John Paul Jones, the great naval fighter of the Revolutionary War.
25. The central figure in the
Leatherstocking Tales
is ____, who goes by the various
names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.
26.
To
A
Waterfowl
is
perhaps
the
peak
of
____‘s
work,
it
has
been
called
by
an
eminent English critic ―the most perfect brief poem in the language.‖
27.
Washington
Irving‘s
works
are
numerous,
but
his
most
successful
work
is
The
Sketch
Book
OF
Geoffrey
Crayon
,
of
which
the
most
famous
and
anthologized
are____.
28.
____
was
the
fist
American
to
gain
the
stature
of
a
major
poet
in
the
world
literature.
29. Among William Cullen Bryant‘s most important later works are his translations of
the
Iliad
and the ____into English blank verse.
30. Edgar Allan Poe‘s poem ____is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the
English language.
31.
Most
of
____‘s
stories
can
be
roughly
divided
into
two
kinds:
tales
of
Gothic
horror or grotesque like
The Black Cat
, an incisive enquiry into the capacity of the
human mind to originate its own destruction and
The Fall of the House of Usher
;
while the other kind is stories of intellect or ratiocination such as ____.
32.
Edgar
Allan
Poe‘s
poem
_____
was
published
in
1845
as
the
title
poem
of
a
collection.
33.
Ralph
____
Emerson
was
responsible
for
bringing
Transcendentalism
to
New
England.
34.
Emerson‘s
truest
disciple,
the
man
who
put
into
practice
many
of
Emerson‘s
theories, was Henry ____ Thoreau.
35. In 1845, Thoreau began a two year residence at ____ Pond.
36. A superb book ____ came out of Thoreau‘s two
-year experiment at Walden Pond.
37. From Thoreau‘s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ____.
38. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne‘s novel ____.
39.
_____
was
a
great
American
Transcendentalist
and
revolutionary
Romanticist,
whose first book nature is the fundamental document of his philosophy.
40.
In 1850, Nathaniel
Hawthorne brought
out
his
masterpiece ____, the story of a
triangular love affair in colonial America.
41. Herman
Melville‘s
novel____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in
pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.
42. In
I Hear Singing
, ____ depicts the beauty of labor and laborers.
43. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow‘s first collection of poems e
ntitled ____appeared in
1838.
2
44. The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow‘s writings is his translation
of Dante‘s _____.
45.
Besides
lyrics
and
longer
poems
Henry
Wadsworth
Longfellow
wrote
dramatic
works, among which _____ is the most conspicuous.
46.
Henry
Wadsworth
Longfellow
and
_____
are
the
only
two
American
poets
commemorated in the Poet‘s Corner of Westminster Abbey.
47.
For
the
whole
19
th
century
____was
the
only
woman
poet
who
enjoys
high
academic
esteem
today.
She
has
been
acclaimed
as
a
poet
of
philosophical
and
tragic dimensions, a poet who was responsive to the challenging questions of man,
nature and human consciousness.
48. After his death, _____ became the only American to be honored with a bust in the
Poet‘s Corner of Westminster
Abbey.
49. The American Romantic Period stretches form the end of the 18
th
century through
the outburst of the ____.
50.
The
English
author
named
_____
was,
in
a
way,
responsible
for
the
romantic
description of landscape in American literature and the development of American
Indian
romance.
His
Waverly
novels
were
models
for
American
historical
romance.
51. Published in 1823, _____ was the first of the Leatherstcoking Tales, in their order
of
publication
time,
and
probably
the
first
true
romance
of
the
frontier
in
American literature.
52.
In
The Pioneers
, ____ represents
the ideal
American, living a virtuous and free
life in God‘s world.
53.
In
1836,
a
little
book
came
out
which
made
a
tremendous
impact
on
the
intellectual life of America. It was entitled
Nature
by ____.
54. Ralph Waldo Emerson‘s essay ____ has been regarded as ―Americas Declaration
of
Intellectual
Independence‖.
It
called
on
American
writers
to
write
about
America in a way peculiarly American.
55. Another renowned New England Transcendentalist
was ____, a friend of Ralph
Waldo Emerson and his junior by some 14 years.
56.
The
way
in
which
____
wrote
The
Scarlet
letter
suggests
that
American
Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.
57.
Herman
Melville‘s
world
classic
novel
Moby
Dick
was
dedicated
to
____,
a
novelist.
58. It is said that in his late years, Herman Melville stopped writing novels and stories
and turned to poetry, ____ is his most famous poetic work.
59. Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named ____, which is,
critics have agreed, one of the world‘s greatest masterpieces.
Ⅱ
. Multiple Choice.
1.
In
1837,
the
first
college-level
institution
for
women,
Mount
Holyoke
Female
Seminary, opened in ____ to serve the ―muslin sex‖.
A. New England
B. Virginia
C. Massachusetts
D. New York
2. Transcendentalists took their ideas from ____.
3
A. the romantic literature in Europe
B. neo-Platonism
C. German idealistic philosophy
D. the revelations of oriental mysticism
E. All of the above
3. As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England form
the 1830s to the Civil War.
A. modernism
B. rationalism
C. sentimentalism
D. transcendentalism
4.
Transcendentalist
doctrines
found
their
greatest
literary
advocates
in
_____
and
Thoreau.
A. Jefferson
B. Emerson
C. Freneau
D. Oversoul
5. Who were regarded as the ―School
-
room Poets‖?
A. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
B. James Russell Lowell
C. Oliver Wendell Holmes
D. John Greenleaf Whittier
E. All of the above
6. The appearance of
The Scarlet letter
marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne
as a novelist. Soon he composed the other three important novels including _____,
The Blithedale Romance
and
The Marble Faun
.
A.
The House of the Seven Gables
B.
The Prairie
C.
The Fall of the House of Usher
D.
Walden
7. _____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.
A. Thoreau
B. Emerson
C. Hawthorne
D. Whitman
8. Transcendentalists recognized ______ as the ―highest power of the soul‖.
A. intuition
B. logic
C. date of the senses
D. thinking
9. Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _____, there arose a kind
of teaching of transcendentalism in the early 19
th
century.
A. Herman Melville
B. Henry David Thoreau
C. Mark Twain
D. Theodore Dreiser
10. Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the hash God of the Puritan
ancestors,
and
it
appealed
to
those
who
scorned
the
pale
deity
of
New
England
_____.
A. Transcendentalism
B. Humanism
C. Naturalism
D. Unitarianism
11.
In
early
19
th
century
America,
statesmen
such
as______,
came
to
dominate
American
politics
not
with
their
prose
but
with
the
emotional
force
of
their
oratory.
A. Daniel Webster
B. Daniel Defoe
C. Philip Freneau
D. Thomas Paine
12.
A
new
_____
had
appeared
in
England
in
the
last
years
of
the
18
th
century.
It
spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19
th
century.
4
A. Realism
B. Critical realism
C. Romanticism
D. Naturalism
13. The desire for an escape form society and a return to nature became a permanent
convention of American literature, evident in ____.
A. James Fenimore Cooper‘s
Leatherstocking Tales
B. Henry David Thoreau‘s
Walden
C. Mark Twain‘s
Huckleberry Finn
D. All of the above
14.
Herman
Melville‘s
_____
is
not
only
an
adventure
story,
but
also
a
significant
philosophical work on spiritual exploration.
A.
Moby Dick
B.
The Egg
C.
Nature
D.
The Over-Soul
15.
An
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language
was
published
in
1828
by
_____.
A. Samuel Johnson
B. Noah Webster
C. Daniel Webster
D. Daniel Defoe
16.
In
the
19
th
century
America,
Romanticism
had
certain
general
characteristics.
Choose such characteristics from the following items.
A. Moral enthusiasm
B. Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception
C. Adoration for the natural world
D. Presumption about the corrosive effect of human society
E. All of the above
17. Choose Washington Irving‘s works from the following items.
A.
Self-Reliance
B.
Sister Carrie
C.
Walden
D.
A History of New York
18. In James Fenimore Cooper‘s novels, close after Natty Bump
po in romantic appeal,
come the two noble red men. Choose them from the following items.
A. The Mohican Chief Chingachgook
B. Uncas
C. Tome Jones
D. Both A and B
19.
In
1817,
the
stately
poem
called
Thanatopsis
introduced
he
best
poet
_____
to
appear in America up to that time.
A. Edward Taylor
B. Philip Freneau
C. William Cullen Bryant
D. Edgar Allan Poe
20. Choose William Cullen Bryant‘s poem from the following ones.
A.
Thanatopsis
B. S
ong of Myself
C.
Ligeia
D.
Voices of the Night
21.
In 1831, Edgar Allan Poe Published his
third book,
Poems by Edgar A. Poe
in
New York,
which consisted of some of his best poems, like
_____
and
The City in
the Sea
.
A. To a waterfowl
B. To a Caty-Did
C. To Helen
D. The Wild Honey Suckle
22.
Ralph
Waldo
Emerson‘s
first
book
_____
is
the
fundamental
document
of
his
philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for he natural scenes.
5
A.
Walden
B.
Nature
C.
Daisy Miller
D.
Leatherstocking Tales
23. Poe‘s first collection of short stories is _____.
A.
Tales of a Traveller
B.
Leatherstocking Tales
C.
Canterbury Tales
D.
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
24. Form the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson‘s poetry.
A. Being highly individual
B. Harsh rhythms
C. Lack of form and polish
D. Striking images
E. All of the above
25. Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?
A.
Representative Men
B.
English Traits
C.
Nature
D.
The Rhodora
26. Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?
A.
Of Studies
B.
Self-Reliance
C.
The American Scholar
D.
The Divinity School Address
27.
From
Hen
ry
David
Thoreau‘s
jail
experience
came
his
famous
essay,
______
which
states
Thoreau‘s
belief
that
no
man
should
violate
his
conscience
at
the
command of a government.
A.
Walden
B.
Nature
C.
Civil Disobedience
D.
Common Sense
28.
The
finest
example
of
Nathaniel
Hawthorne‘s
symbolism
is
the
re
creation
of
Puritan in ______.
A.
The Scarlet Letter
B.
Young Goodman Brown
C.
The Marble Faun
D.
The Ambitious Guest
29.
The House of Severn Gables
is a famous mystery-haunted novel written by _____.
A. Nathaniel Hawthorne
B. Nathaniel Hathorne
C. Nathanal Hawthorne
D. Nathanial Hathorne
30. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and central subject of
his
major
works
is
the
human
soul.
Choose
his
short
story
from
the
following
ones.
A.
Young Goodman Brown
B.
Omoo
C.
Uncle Tom’
s
Cabin
D.
The Pearl
31. Which is not Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s long novel?
A.
The Scarlet Letter
B.
The Marble Faun
C.
The Blithedale Romance
D.
The House of Seven Gables
E. Dr. Heidegger‘s Experiment
32.
Herman
Melville
called
his
friend
Nathaniel
Hawthorne
______
in
American
literature.
A. The largest brain with the largest heat
B. Father of American poetry
C. The transcendentalist
D. The American scholar
33. Which is the character who appears in the novel
Moby Dick
?
A. Hester Prynne
B. Mr. Hooper
6
C. Ahab
D. Pearl
34. _____ was a romantici
zed account of Melville‘s stay among the Polynesians. The
success of the book soon made Melville‘s become known as the ―man who lived
among cannibals
‖.
A.
Moby Dick
B.
Typee
C.
Omoo
D.
Billy Budd
35.
With
the
appearance
of
______
in
1855,
which
is
about
American
Indians,
Longfellow‘s poetical reputation was established.
A.
Evangeline
B.
The Courtship of Miles Standish
C.
Song of Hiawatha
D.
Michael Angelo
36. Choose the authors who belong to the romantic group in American literature.
A. Ralph Waldo Emerson
B. Henry David Thoreau
C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
D. Herman Melville
E .Walt Whitman
F. All of the above
37. In the early 19
th
century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing
has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _____.
A. Puritanism
B. Romanticism
C. Rationalism
D. Sentimentalism
38. Washington Irving‘s first book appeared in 1809, titled ______.
A.
The American Scholar
B.
The Marble Faun
C.
The Cop and the Anthem
D.
A History of New York
39.
Washington
Irving‘s
works
are
numerous,
but
h
is
most
successful
work
is
The
Sketch
Book,
of
which
the
most
famous
and
anthologized
are
____
and
The
Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
A.
A History of New York
B.
Leatherstocking Tales
C.
Rip Van Winkle
D.
The Pioneers
40. ―The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere‖.
This
is
the
voice
of
the
book
Nature
written
by
Ralph
Waldo
Emerson,
which
pushed
American
romanticism
into
a
new
Phase,
the
phase
of
New
England
______.
A. Romanticism
B. Puritanism
C. Mysticism
D. Unitarianism
42. Following the rise of Romanticism, Transcendentalism appeared after 1830 in the
works of such man of letters as ______, _______, and Margaret Fuller.
A. Ralph Waldo Emerson
B. Henry David Thoreau
C. Mark Twain
D. Both A and B
43. Which is generally as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?
A.
Nature
B.
Walden
C.
On Beauty
D.
Self-Reliance
44. Which is regarded as the ―Declaration of Intellectual Independence‖?
A.
The American Scholar
B.
English Traits
C.
The Conduct of Life
D.
Representative Men
45. ______ is an appalling fictional version of Natha
niel Hawthorne‘s belief that ―the
wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones‖ and that evil will
7
come out of evil though it may take generations to happen.
A.
The Marble Faun
B.
The House of Seven Gables
C.
The Blithedale Romance
D.
Young Goodman Brown
46.
In
addition
to
his
novels,
_______
wrote
about
120
short
stories
and
sketches.
Among them are
Young Goodman Brown
and
The Minister’
s Black Veil.
A. Henry David Thoreau
B. Nathaniel Hawthorne
C. Ralph Waldo Emerson
D. Herman Melville
47. Choose from the following items the one written by Melville Herman.
A.
Typee
B.
The Sea-Wolf
C.
The Spy
D.
Twice-Told Tales
48. Herman Me
lville‘s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy,
religion,
etc,
in
addition
to
a
detailed
account
of
the
operations
of
the
whaling
industry.
A.
The Old Man and the Sea
B.
Moby Dick
C.
White Jacket
D.
Billy Budd
Ⅲ
. Literary Terms.
1. Romanticism
4. Symbolism
2. Fireside Poets
5. Free verse
3. Transcendentalism
6. Puritanism
Ⅳ
. Identification.
Passage 1
From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants,
who are descendents from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long
been
known
by
the
name
of
SLEEPY
HOLLOW,
AND
ITS
RUSTIC
LADS
ARE
CALLED THE Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the neighboring country. Drowsy,
dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere.
Some
say
that
the
place
was
bewitched
by
a
high
German
doctor,
during
the
early
days of the settlement; others, that and old Indian chief, the prophet or wizard of his
tribe, held his powwows there before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick
Hudson.
Questions
:
1. Who is the writer of the short story from which the passage is taken?
2. What is the title of the story?
3.
Give a definition of ―short story‖.
Passage 2
―Arms
and
the
clarion
for
the
battle,
but
the
song
of
thanksgiving
to
the
victory!‖
answered
the
liberated
David.
―Friend,‖
he
said,
thrusting
forth
his
lean,
delicate hand forwards Hawkeye, in kindness, while his eyes twinkled and grew moist,
―I
tha
nk
three
the
hairs
of
me
head
still
grow
where
they
were
first
rooted
by
Providence for, though those of other men may
be more
glossy
and curling,
I
have
ever found mine own well suited to the brain they shelter. That I did not join myself to
the battle, was less owing to disinclination, than to the bonds of the heathen. Valiant
and skilful hast thou proved thyself in the conflict, and I hereby thank three, before
proceeding
to
discharge
other
and
more
important
duties,
because
thou
hast
proved
8
thyself well
worthy of a Christian‘s praise.‖…
Questions:
4. This novel was written by the first American novelist. What is his name?
5. What is the name of the novel?
6. The central figure in this novel appeared in this passage. It is ______.
Passage 3
To him who in the love of Nature holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language; for his grayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile
And eloquence of beauty, and she glides
Into his darker musings, with a mild
And gentle sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness, ere he is aware. When thoughts
Questions
:
7. What is the title of the poem from which the selection is taken?
8. What does the title mean?
9. What is the meter of the poem?
10. According to this selection, to whom does nature speak?
To what two different human moods does nature respond?
Passage 4
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgot---ten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
―
‘
Tis some visitor,
―I
muttered, ―tapping at mychamber door
----only this, and nothing
more.‖
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow;
—
vainly I had tried to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow
—
sorrow for the lost.
Questions:
11. Who is the writer of these poetic lines?
12. What is the title of this poem from which the selection is selected?
13. Recognize the sound devices in the following lines.
L1. __________________________.
L4. __________________________.
L7. __________________________.
L10. _________________________.
Passage 5
Lo! in you brilliant window-niche
How statue-like I see the stand,
The agate lamp within thy hand!
Ah, Psyche, from the regions which
9
Are Holy-Land!
Questions:
14.
This is the last stanza of a poem ―To Helen‖. Its writer is ________.
15. Whom is Helen associated with?
16. Who is psyche?
Passage 6
To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.
I
am
not
solitary
whilst
I
read
and
write,
though
nobody
is
with
me.
But
if
a
man
would
be
alone,
let
him
look
at
the
stars.
The
rays
that
come
from
those
heavenly
worlds will separate between him and vulgar things. One might think the atmosphere
was
made
transparent
with
this
design,
to
give
man,
in
the
heavenly
bodies,
the
perceptual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If
stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore:
and
preserve
for
many
generations
the
remembrance
of
the
city
of
God
which
had
been
shown!
But
every
night
come
out
these
preachers
of
beauty,
and
light
the
universe with their admonishing smile.
Questions
:
17. This paragraph is taken from a famous essay entitled_________.
18. Who is the author?
19.
What
does
the
author
say
would
happen
if
the
stars
appeared
one
night
in
a
thousand years?
20.
Give a peculiar term to cover the author‘s belief.
Passsage7
Standing on the bare ground,
—
my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into
infinite
space,
—
all
mean
egotism
vanishes.
I
become
a
transparent
eyeball;
I
am
nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part
or particle of God.
Questions
:
21. Which work is the fragment taken from?
22. How do you understand the philosophical ideas in the words?
Passage8
I went to the words because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential
facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to
die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so
dear; nor did
I wish
to
practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary.
I
wanted
live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad
swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and,
if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and be
able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me,
are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.
Questions
:
23. This passage is taken from a famous work entitled_______.
24. The author of the work is_______.
25. List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going to live in the
10
woods.
Passage 9
There‘s a time in every man‘s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy
is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse,
as his portion...trust thyself; every heart vibrates to that iron string.
Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.
Questions
:
26. This selection is selected from an essay. What is the title of that?
27. Who is the author of the essay?
28. According to the selection, what do you think the author believes in?
Passage 10
Ⅰ
Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
II
Life is real-life is earnest-
And the grave is not its goal;
Dust thou art, to dust returnest,
Was not spoken of the soul.
Questions
:
29. Who is the writer of the lines?
30. What is the title of the whole poem from which the two stanzas are taken?
31. S
ummarize the poet‘s advice for living.
Passage11
Hester
P
rynne‘s
term
of
confinement
was
now
at
an
end.
Her
pri
son-door
was
thrown open, and she came forth into sunshine which, falling on all alike, seemed, to
her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpose than to reveal the scarlet
letter
on
her
breast.
Perhaps
there
was
a
more
real
torture
in
her
first
unattended
footsteps from the threshold of the prison, than even in the procession and spectacle
that
have
been
described,
where
she
was
made
the
common
infamy,
at
which
all
mankind was summoned to point its finger. Then, she was supported by an unnatural
tension of the nerves, and by all the combative energy of her character, which enabled
her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph.
Questions;
32. Which novel is this selection taken from?
33. What is the name of the novelist?
34. What do you
think is the symbolic meaning of the scarlet letter on Hester‘s breast?
Passage12
It
was
not
very
long
after
speaking
the
Coney
that
another
homeward-bound
whaleman,
the
Town-Ho,
was
encountered.
She
was
manned
almost
wholly
by
Polynesian. In the short gam that ensued she gave us strong news of Moby Dick. To
some
the
general
interest
in
the
White
Whale
was
now
wildly
heightened
by
a
11
circumstance
of
the
Town-
Ho‘s
story,
which
seemed
obscurely
to
involve
with
the
whale a certain
wondrous, inverted visitation of one of those so called judgment of
God which at times are said to overtake some men. This latter circumstance, with its
own
particular
accompaniments,
forming
what
may
be
called
the
secret
part
of
the
tragedy about to be narrated, never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates. For
that secret part of the story was unknown to the Town-Ho himself. It was the private
property
of
thee
confederate
white
seamen
of
that
ship,
one
of
whom,
it
seems
communicated it to
Tashtego with
Romish injunctions
of secrecy,
but
the following
night Tashtego rambled in his sleep, and revealed so much of it in that way, that when
he
was
wakened
he
could
not
well
withhold
the
rest.
Nevertheless,
so
potent
an
influence
did
this
thing
have
on
those
seamen
in
the
Pequod
who
came
to
the
full
knowledge of it, and by such a strange delicacy, to call it so ,were they governed in
this matter, that the kept secret among themselves so that it never transpired abaft the
Pequ
od‘s main
-mast. Interviewing in its proper place this darker thread with the story
as publicly narrated on the ship, the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put
one lasting record.
35. From which novel is this paragraph taken?
36. What is the name o the novelist?
37. Who is Ahab?
38. What is Pequod?
39. What is the theme of the novel?
V Questions and answers
1. What is Age of Enlightenment?
2. Who are the major writers in the American Age of Enlightenment?
3.
What are the artistic achievements of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow‘s poetry?
4. How to define the Romantic period in American history?
5.
What
is
the
historical
and
socio-cultural
background
of
the
Romantic
Period
in
American?
6. What are the literary characteristics in the works of American romantic period?
7.
What
is
the
relationship
between
American
Romanticism
and
European
Romanticism?
8. What is the theme of Rip Van Wrinkle? List the major works of Washington Irving
and discuss the artistic characteristics of his works.
9. What is the Ralph Waldo Emerson transcendentalist idea and his view of nature?
10 What is the main idea of Henry David Thoreau‘s Walden?
11. What are the artistic achievements of James Fenimore Cooper? And what are his
major works?
12. What are the artistic achievements of Edgar Allan Poe?
13. Discuss the allegory and symbolism in young Goodman Brown.
14.
What are Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s major works?
15. What are the artistic characteristics of The Scarlet Letter?
16. Discuss the symbolism in Herman Melville
‘
s novel Moby-Dick.
17.
What are Herman Melville‘s major works?
18. What is the
social significance of the novel Uncle Tom‘s Cabin?
12
19. Why Leaves of Grass is considered a milestone in American Literature?
20.
What
are
the
thematic
concerns
and
the
artistic
characteristics
of
Emily
Dickenson‘s poetry?
VII. Analysis of literature works.
Rip Van Winkle
On waking, he found himself on the green knoll whence he had first seen the old
man of the glen. He rubbed his eyes----it was a bright sunny morning. The birds were
hopping
and
twittering
among
the
bushes,
and
the
eagle
was
wheeling
aloft,
and
breathing the pure mountain breeze.‖
Surely,‘
thought Rip,‖
I have not slept here all
night.‖ He recalled the occurrences before he fell asleep.
The strange man with a keg
of liquor----the mountain ravine---the wild retreat among the rocks---the woe-begone
party
at
ninepins
—
the
flagon
—‖Oh!
that
flagon!
that
wicked
flagon!‖
thought
Rip----
‖what excuse shall I make to Dame Van Winkle!‖
He
looked
round
for
his
gun,
but
in
place
of
the
clean
well-oiled
following-piece, he found an old firelock lying by him, the barrel incrusted with rust,
the
lock
falling
off,
and
the
stock
worm-eaten.
He
now
suspected
that
the
grave
roysterers of the mountain had put a trick upon him, and having dosed him with liquor,
had
robbed
him
of
his
gun.
Wolf,
too,
had
disappeared,
but
he
might
have
strayed
away after a squirrel or partridge. He whistled after him and shouted his name, but all
in vain; the echoes repeated his whistle and shout, but no dog was to be seen.
He determined to revisit the scene of the
last evening‘s gambol,
and if he met
with
any
of
the
party,
to
demand
his
dog
and
gun.
As
he
rose
to
walk,
he
found
himself stiff in the joints, and wanting in his usual activity.
―
These mountain beds do
not agree with me,‖ thought Rip;‘
and if this frolic should lay me up with a fit of the
rheumatism, I shall have a blessed time with Dame Van
Winkle.‖ With
some difficulty
he
got
down into the
glen:
he found the
gully
up which he
and his
companion
had
ascended the preceding evening: but to his astonishment a mountain stream was now
foaming down it, leaping from rock to rock, and filling thee glen with
his babbling
murmurs. He, however, made shift to scramble up its sides, working his toilsome way
through
thickets
of
birch,
sassafras,
and
witch-hazel,
and
sometimes
tripped
up
or
entangled by the wild grapevines that twisted their coils or tendrils from tree to tree,
and spread a kind of network in his path.
At length he reached to
where the ravine had opened through the cliffs to the
amphitheatre; but no traces of such opening remained. The rocks presented feathery
foam,
and
fell
into
a
broad
deep
basin,
black
from
the
shadows
of
the
surrounding
forest. Here, then, poor Rip was brought to a stand. He again called and whistled after
his dog; he was only answered by the cawing of a flock of idle crows, sporting high in
air about a dry tree tha
t overhung a sunny the poor‘s man per
plexities. What was to be
done?
The
morning
was
passing
away,
and
Rip
felt
famished
for
want
for
his
breakfast. He grieved to give up his dog and gun; he dreaded to meet his wife; but it
would not do to starve among the mountains. He shook his head, shouldered the rusty
firelock, and, with a heart full of trouble and anxiety, turned his steps homeward.
As
he
approached
the
village
he
met
a
number
if
people,
nut
none
whom
he
knew,
which
somewhat
surprise
him,
for
he
had
thought
himself
acquainted
with
13
every one in the country round. Their dress, too, was of a different fashion from that
to which he was accustomed. They all stared at him with equal marks of surprise, and
whenever they cast their eyes upon him, invariably stroked their chins. The constant
recurrence
of
this
gesture
induced
Rip,
involuntarily,
to
do
the
same,
when
to
his
astonishment, he found his beard had grown a foot long!
He had now entered the skirts of the village. A group of strange children ran at
his heels, hooting after him, and pointing at his gray beard. The dogs, too, not one of
which he recognized for an old acquaintance, barked at him as he passed. The very
village
was
altered;
it
was
larger
and
more
populous.
There
were
rows
of
houses
which
he
had
never
seen
before,
and
those
which
had
been
his
familiar
haunts
had
disappeared. Strange names were over the doors-strange faces at the windows---every
thing was strange. His mind now misgave him; he began to doubt whether both he and
the world around him were not bewitched. Surely this was his native village, which he
had left but the day before. There stood the Katskill mountains
—
there ran the silver
Hudson
at
a
distance
—
there
was
every
hill
and
dale
precisely
as
it
had
always
been
—
Rip was solely perplexed---
‖ That flagon last night,‖ thought he,‖
has addled
my poor head sadly!‖
It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house, which he
approached with silent awe, expecting every moment to hear the shrill voice of Dame
Van
Winkle.
He
found
the
house
gone
to
decay
–
the
roof
fallen
in,
the
windows
shattered, and the doors off the hinges. A half-starved dog that looked like Wolf was
skulking about it. Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, showed his teeth, and
passed
on.
This
was
an
unkind
cut
indeed
—‖My
very
dog,‖
signed
poor
Rip,‖
has
forgotten me!‖
He entered the house, which, to tell the truth, Dane Van Winkle had always kept
in
neat
order.
It
was
empty,
forlorn,
and
apparently
abandoned.
This
desolateness
overcame
all
his
connubial
fears
—
he
called
loudly
foe
his
wife
and
children
–
the
lonely chambers rang for a moment with his voice, and then all again was silence.
Questions;
1. When Rip
Van Wrinkle woke up from
his
twenty- year sleep, he started to
doubt
whether
he
was
himself
or
another
man.
Does
it
mean
that
identify
of
a
man
is
closely related to time? If so, do we have a definite answer to the question‖
who am
I?‖
2.
The great error in Rip‘s tem
perament is his strong dislike of all kinds of profitable
labor. He takes
the world easy, eats
white bread or brown, whichever
can be
got
with least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for a
pound. Illustrate his character by some examples from the story.
3.
Rip
Van
Winkle
has
been
seen
as
a
symbol
of
several
aspects
of
America.
For
example, the village itself symbolizes America-forever and rapidly changing. Then
what do you think Rip and his wife symbolize respectively?
4. In this short story Rip drinks and falls asleep. The noise of his daily life becomes
only
―distant
thunder‘.
Life
goes
on
even
in
his
deathlike
sleep.
Discuss
the
purpose of the author to arrange for Rip to sleep for twenty years.
5. Washington Irving creates humor by the way he says things. Rip once said to his
14
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