4394必备50拉丁词

2021年1月19日发(作者：example是什么意思)
来米国读书之后发现除了英语词汇，
日常口语交流中，
有时甚至是在写作中还会频频遇 到一
些拉丁语词汇，下面总结出来的这些拉丁语就是每个要来美国上大学的孩纸必知道的词汇，
看看你见过几个！


While there may not be cities and countries full of people speaking Latin these days, that
doesn't mean the ancient language is something you can just forget about. Not only are
many of our words in English (not to mention many other languages) derived from Latin,
but many of its words words are still used in today's daily speaking and writing. So while
you may not need to learn to speak or read the Latin language fluently, it can still be a big
help in your quest for
higher education
to know a few words and phrases. Here are some
of the most commonly used Latin expressions that you should learn to start improving your
personal lexicon.

虽然现在 没有一个城市或者一个国家在用古拉丁语，
但这不意味着我们应该彻底忘记这种语
言。事实上， 不仅仅在英语（和其他很多语言）中有许多单词都是从拉丁文衍生出来的，在
日常的写作和交流中一些拉 丁单词仍被使用得很频繁。
所以虽然你不需要系统地学习和掌握
拉丁语，
但是记住一些 常被用到的拉丁词汇和短语无疑会对你的大学学习帮很大的忙。
下面
列举出的就是那些最常用到 的拉丁文的表述，
相信记住了这些拉丁词汇你的个人词库会飞跃
不止一个档次！


Must-Learn Terms
必记的术语

If you don't know these Latin terms, get to learning them ASAP, as they are commonly
used in speaking and writing and may be hard to avoid.

亲，
如果你还不知道这些拉丁词汇，
那么就赶紧行动吧！
因为他们 在日常写作和交流的时候
是不可避免地会被用到的！






Per se:
（就其本身而言）
The direct translation of this term is
means just that when used in English as well. You could use it to say that you don't find
chemistry boring per se (by itself, intrinsically), but this professor's voice puts you to
sleep.
例如：就化学本身而言我并不讨厌它，可是教授上课的声音总是让我想打瞌睡。






Vice versa:
（反之亦然）

From the Latin meaning
this term means to reverse the order of something . This quote from Samuel Butler
provides an example,



Alma mater:
（母校

尤指大学）
If you don't know this term already, you'll become
quite familiar with it once you graduate from college. The literal translation is

college or university from which one has graduated.

Magnum opus
（大师之作
/
绝好的艺术作品）
:
Whether it's in writing, painting,
sculpture or music, this Latin term denotes the greatest work done by an artist-- a true
masterpiece.


Bona fide
（在法律术语中指良好的意图
/
一般表示真诚的和善意的）
:
While it's literal
translation means
modern language. In legal terms, it is used to represent something that is presented
without deception or fraud, or literally in good faith, honest, sincere and lawful. It is
more commonly used to mean something that's the real deal or truly authentic.


Quasi
（类似的，有如）
:

In Latin, this word means as if or as though and in English it is
used as both an adjective in its own right and as a part of a compound word. It simply
designates something that resembles something else but doesn't quite have all the same
features.


Alter ego
（密友，或者个性的另一面）
:

Cicero coined this term, most likely taken from
the Greek, to mean
changed much today. Many people have an alter ego, or another, perhaps hidden aspect
of themselves. One example from popular culture is Beyonce's alter ego, Sasha
Fierce.


Verbatim
（逐字逐句的
/
地）
:
If you repeat something verbatim you repeat it in exactly
the same words, word for word with no changes and no improvisation.


Status quo
（现状）
:

From the Latin meaning
to designate the existing state or condition of things. For example, if you're making
money off of a high pollution industry it is to your interests to maintain the status quo
when it comes to environmental law.
Writing
写作的时候常用到的拉丁文


Knowing just what these terms and words mean can be a big help in improving your
reading comprehension.
知道这些拉丁文可以有效地提高你的阅读理解能力。




Sic
（这个是指原作品中出现了错误，编辑在此指出）
:
Found in writing, this Latin word
most commonly finds a home in brackets (like this: [sic]) when quoting a statement or
writing. It indicates that there is a spelling or grammar error (or just something out of
the ordinary) in the original quotation and that the publication has only reproduced it
faithfully, not made an error of their own.


Id est
（缩写是
i.e.,
通常在作者想要给出具体的例子和解释的时候）
:
You've likely seen
this term in writing before, even if you weren't aware as it is commonly abbreviated to
i.e. In Latin, it means
give an example or explanation that specifies a statement.



Deus ex machina
（解围的人或事件）
:
In direct translation, this term means,
of a machine
become too tangled or confusing, the writers would simply bring in God, lowered in via a
pulley system (the machine) and he would wrap it all up. Today, it's still used in
literature to describe a plot where an artificial or improbable means of resolving a
conflict is used.



Exempli gratia
（缩写是
e.g.,
这通常会用在例子前面，
for the sake of
example
）
:
You'll often see this term abbreviated to e.g. in writing. It means
sake of example
by some examples.


Et cetera
（缩写是
etc.
意思是
and the others
还有其他
的）
:

Few out there aren't familiar with this term but may not know it as well when it's
spelled out like this and not abbreviated as etc. Meaning
denote that a list of things could continue ad infinitum (see below for definition) and that
for the sake of brevity it's better to just wrap things up with a simple etc.


Ex libris
（专指书籍

从
...
图书馆来）
:
Back in the days when books were rarer and more
expensive commodities than they were today, it was common to mark your books with a
label bearing your own name and this phrase which means
not as common today, some true bibliophiles still use the labels.

Ibidem
（缩写是
ibid,
常被用在文 献页，
指同一个资料来源被引用了两次）
:
Another abbreviated term, this word
is more commonly seen in research writing in the form of
the same place
source has been cited twice in succession.


Et alii
（缩写是
et al,
通常用在一本合著的书的某一个作者名字之后以省略罗列其他的
作者名字）
:

You're unlikely to encounter this Latin phrase in its unabbreviated form, and
will most likely only ever see it as et al when included. This is also a term that is found in
footnotes and bibliographies which allows writers to refer to a large number of authors
without having to write each name out (for example, you could say that your source is
Dr. Henry Jones et al.)
Everyday Talk
日常生活中常用到的拉丁语


You've likely heard these words and phrases on the news or in conversations, and if you
didn't know what they meant then, these definitions will help make it clear now.



你有可能之前在新闻或者日常对话中听过这些短语，如果你还不清楚他们具体是什么意
思，那么接下来的解释会让你更加清楚它们的含义。


Ad infinitum
（
to infinity
无止尽的）
:
You might be able to guess what this phrase
means simply through its similarity to the word we use in English. It means
and can be used to describe something that goes on, seemingly or actually endlessly, as
some students might feel about certain classes.



De facto
（事实上）
:

In Latin, de facto means
often used to distinguish was is supposed to be the case from what is actually the reality.
For example, legally, employers are not allowed to discriminate in hiring because of age,
but many still practice de facto (in reality, in fact) discrimination.