custom是什么意思历年英语四级真题及答案

2021年1月19日发(作者：umbrella什么意思)
2010
年
6
月英语四级考试真题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)


注意：此部分试题在答题卡
1
上。



Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should
Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:


1.
如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写



2.
出现这种情况的原因



3.
为了改变这种状况，我认为
…



Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling

________________________________________________ _______________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)


Directions:
In
this
part,
you
will
have
15
minutes
to
go
over
the
passage
quickly
and
answer
the
questions
on
Answer
Sheet
1.
For
questions
1-7,
choose
the
best
answer
from
the
four
choices
marked
A),
B),
C)
and
D).
For
questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.


Caught in the Web


A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up
early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs
–
leaving her bed for only
brief
intervals.
Her
household
bills
piled
up,
along
with
the
dishes
and
dirty
laundry,
but
it
took
near-constant
complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.



–
kind of slipping into a depression,
knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going,
使脱离
) herself further from the outside
world.


Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was


Concern
about
excessive
Internet
use
isn't
new.
As
far
back
as
1995,
articles
in
medical
journals
and
the
establishment
of
a
Pennsylvania
treatment
center
for
overusers
generated
interest
in
the
subject.
There's
still
no
consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible.


But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a
study
published
in
CNS
Spectrums
claimed
to
be
the
first
large-scale
look
at
excessive
Internet
use.
The
American
Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores
of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the
Web.



no
question
that
there're
people
who're
seriously
in
trouble
because
they're
overdoing
their
Internet
involvement,
精神科医生
) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true
addiction.


Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical.
environment,
priorities,
which
can
be
solved
by
encouraging people to
prioritize
other
life
goals
and
plans
in
place
of
time
spent
online.


The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults.
Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by StanfordUniversity 6% of respondents reported that

use,


About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they
stay away from the Internet for several days at a time.



is to blame for excessive use, he said.
not limited to porn (
色情
) or gambling


Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but
Maressa
Orzack,
a
HarvardUniversity
professor.

it's
a
loss
[where]
you're
not
getting
to
work,
and
family
relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much.


Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include
the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.


The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:


● Having a sense of well
-being (
幸福
) or excitement while at the computer.


● Longing for more and more time at the computer.



● Neglect of family and friends.



● Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer.

1



● Lying to employers and family about activities.



● Inability to stop the activity.



● Problems with school or job.



Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (
卫生
) and sleep
disturbances.


People
who
struggle
with
excessive
Internet
use
maybe
depressed
or
have
other
mood
disorders,
Orzack
said.
When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a
and escape, excitement [and] fun,



Some
parts
of
the
Internet
seem
to
draw
people
in
more
than
others.
Internet
gamers
spend
countless
hours
competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many
sites by posters complaining of a


Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to
four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games
when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (
干预
), in which relatives told him he'd
gained weight.



two.
discuss gaming addiction regularly


Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had
a
problem,
she
posted
a
message
on
a
Yahoo
Internet
addiction
group
with
the
subject
line:

have
an
Internet
Addiction.



home, to give attention to my children,
professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage (
抵押贷款
) and face losing everything.


Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use.
and I'm not interested in online dating,


注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。



1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?


A) Her daughter's repeated complaints.


B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

C) The poorly managed state of her house.


D) The high financial costs adding up.


2. What does the author say about excessive Internet use?


A) People should be warned of its harmful consequences.


B) It has become virtually inevitable.


C) It has been somewhat exaggerated.


D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition.


3. Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if people ______.


A) try to improve the Internet environment


B) become aware of its serious consequences


C) can realize what is important in life


D) can reach a consensus on its definition


4. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.


A) it seriously affected family relationships


B) one visited porn websites frequently


C) too much time was spent in chat rooms


D) people got involved in online gambling


5. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may feel ______.


A) discouragedB) pressuredC) depressed

D) puzzled


6. Why did Andre Heidrich cut back online gaming?


A) He had lost a lot of money.


B) His family had intervened.


C) He had offended his relatives.


D) His career had been ruined.


7. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to ______.


A) improve his online gaming skills


B) curb his desire for online gaming


C) show how good he is at online gaming


D) exchange online gaming experience
2



8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______.


9. Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldn't afford to seek ______.


10. Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about ______.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)


Section A



Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
8
short
conversations
and
2
long
conversations.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked
A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。



11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.


B) He has difficulty understanding the book.


C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.


D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.


12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.


B) The man should buy a car of his own.


C) The man needn't go shopping every week.


D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.


13.A) Get more food and drinks.

B) Ask his friend to come over.


C) Tidy up the place.

D) Hold a party.


14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.


B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.


C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.


D) The woman should contact John Smith first.


15.A) He understands the woman's feelings.


B) He has gone through a similar experience.


C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.


D) The teacher is just following the regulations.


16.A) She will meet the man halfway.


B) She will ask David to talk less.


C) She is sorry the man will not come.


D) She has to invite David to the party.


17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.


B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements.


C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.


D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.


18.A) Check their computer files.


B) Make some computations.


C) Study a computer program.


D) Assemble a computer.


Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.


B) It requires him to work long hours.


C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.


D) It helps him understand people better.


20.A) It is intellectually challenging.


B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.


C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.


D) It demands physical endurance and patience.


21.A) In a hospital.B) At a coffee shop.C) At a laundry.D) In a hotel.


22.A) Getting along well with colleagues.


B) Paying attention to every detail.


C) Planning everything in advance.


D) Knowing the needs of customers.


Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


23.A) The pocket money British children get.


B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.
3



C) The things British children spend money on.


D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.


24.A) It enables children to live better.


B) It goes down during economic recession.


C) It often rises higher than inflation.


D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.


25.A) Save up for their future education.


B) Pay for small personal things.


C) Buy their own shoes and socks.


D) Make donations when necessary.
来源
:
考试大
-
英语四级考试

Section B


Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
3
short
passages.
At
the
end
of
each
passage,
you
will
hear
some
questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.


注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。



Passage One


Questions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


26.A) District managers.


B) Regular customers.


C) Sales directors.


D) Senior clerks.


27.A) The support provided by the regular clients.


B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives.


C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans.


D) The important part played by district managers.


28.A) Some of them were political-minded.


B) Fifty percent of them were female.


C) One third of them were senior managers.


D) Most of them were rather conservative.


29.A) He used too many quotations.


B) He was not gender sensitive.


C) He did not keep to the point.


D) He spent too much time on details.


Passage Two


Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.


30.A) State your problem to the head waiter.


B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.


C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.


D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.


31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly.


B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.


C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.


D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.


32.A) Demand a prompt response.


B) Provide all the details.


C) Send it by express mail.


D) Stick to the point.


Passage Three


Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.


33.A) Fashion designer

B) Architect.C) City planner.D) Engineer.


34.A) Do some volunteer work.


B) Get a well-paid part-time job.


C) Work flexible hours.


D) Go back to her previous post.


35.A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.


B) It will add to the family's financial burden.


C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.
4



D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter.


Section C


Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you
should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the
blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are
required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or
write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check
what you have written.


注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。



Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36)______, less afraid of
what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) ______ things out, more confident, resourceful (
机敏的
), persistent
and (38) ______ than he will ever be again in his schooling
–
or, unless he is very (39) ______ and very lucky, for the
rest
of
his
life.
Already,
by
paying
close
attention
to
and
(40)
______
with
the
world
and
people
around
him,
and
without any school-type (41) ______ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)______
than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43)
______
of
language.
He
has
discovered
it
–

babies
don't
even
know
that
language
exists
–

and
(44)
______________________________________________ __.
He
has
done
it
by
exploring,
by
experimenting,
by
developing
his
own
model
of
the
grammar
of
language,
(45)
______________________________________________ __
until
it
does
work. And while
he
has
been doing
this,
he
has been learning other things as well, (46) ________________________________________________, and many that
are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)



Section B



Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.


Passage One


Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.


You
never
see
him,
but
they're
with
you
every
time
you
fly.
They
record
where
you
are
going,how
fast
you're
traveling
and
whether
everything
on
your
airplane
is
functioning
normally.
Their
ability
to
withstand
almost
any
disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic 're known as the black box.


When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to ComorosIslands in the India ocean June 30,
2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (
潜水艇
) detected the
device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in
which 152 passengers were killed.


In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information
like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial
flights
by
1960.
Early
models
often
failed
to
withstand
crashes,
however,
so
in
1965
the
device
was
completely
redesigned
and
moved
to
the
rear
of
the
plane
–

the
area
least
subject
to
impact
–

from
its
original
position
in
the
landing wells (
起落架舱
). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never
actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.


Modern
airplanes
have
two
black
boxes:
a
voice
recorder,
which
tracks
pilots'
conversations,and
a
flight-data
recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the
aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (
隔绝的
) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless
steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000
℉
. When submerged, they're also able to
emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil
on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20
deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.


注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。



57. What does the author say about the black box?


A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.


B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book.


C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.


D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.


58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?


A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
5



B) The total number of passengers on board.


C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.


D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.


59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?


A) New materials became available by that time.


B) Too much space was needed for its installation.


C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.


D) The early models didn't provide the needed data.


60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?


A) To distinguish them from the colour of the plane.


B) To caution people to handle them with care.


C) To make them easily identifiable.


D) To conform to international standards.


61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?


A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered.


B) There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.


C) They have stopped sending homing signals.


D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
Passage Two


Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.


The
$$11
billion
self-help
industry
is
built
on
the
idea
that
you
should
turn
negative
thoughts
like

never
do
anything right
Is there power in positive thinking?


Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to
think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.


The
study's
authors,
Joanne
Wood
and
John
Lee
of
the
University
of
Waterloo
and
Elaine
Perunovic
of
the
University
of
New
Brunswick,
begin
by
citing
older
research
showing
that
when
people
get
feedback
which
they
believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an
Einstein,
you're
just
underlining
his
faults.
In
one
1990s
experiment,
a
team
including
psychologist
Joel
Cooper
of
Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised
for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.


In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked
to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When
it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves,


Those
with
low
self-esteem
didn't
feel
better
after
the
forced
self-affirmation.
In
fact,
their
moods
turned
significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.


The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (
心理治疗
) that urge people to accept their negative
thoughts
and
feelings
rather
than
fight
them.
In
the
fighting,
we
not
only
often
fail
but
can
make
things
worse.
Meditation
(
静思
)
techniques,
in
contrast,
can
teach
people
to
put
their
shortcomings
into
a
larger,
more
realistic
perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.


注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。



62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?


A) It is a highly profitable industry.


B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.


C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.


D) It has yielded positive results.


63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?


A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.


B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.


C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.


D) The power of positive thinking is limited.


64. What does the author mean by



A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.


B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.


C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.


D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.


65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?


A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.
6



B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.


C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.


D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.


66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?


A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.


B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.


C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.


D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)



Directions:
Complete
the
sentences
by
translating
into
English
the
Chinese
given
in

write
you
translation on Answer Sheet 2.


注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答，只需写出译文部分。



87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________ (
集中注意力在实验上
).


88. The manager never laughed; neither __________________ (
她也从来没有发过脾气
).


89. We look forward to __________________ (
被邀请出席开幕式
).


90. It is suggested that the air conditioner __________________ (
要安装在窗户旁
).


91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________ (
她父母的强烈反对
).

作文范文：



Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling


Correct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay much attention to
it.


They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some
omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be ver
y strict in students‘ spelling. In China, teachers
seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling.


To
change
this
situation,
in
my
opinion,
the
teachers
and
the
students
should
work
together.
On
one
and,
the
teachers
should
give
m
ore
attention
to
students‘
spelling,
asking
the
students
to
be
conscious
of
the
importance
of
correct
spelling
from
the
very
beginning
of
their
English
study.
On
the
other
hand,
the
students
themselves
are
supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.


To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students and the teachers should spare no efforts to achieve
correct spelling.


2010
年
6
月大学英语四级答案



















































1. A) her daughters' repeated complains
2. D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition
3. C) can realize what is important in life
4. A) it seriously affected family relationships
5. C) depressed
6. B) His family had intervened
7. B) curb his desire for online gaming
8. had an Internet addiction
9. professional help
10. online dating
听力答案

Section A
short conversation
11. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.
12. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.
13. C) Tidy up the place.
14. A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.
15. A) He understands the woman‘s feelings.

16. D) She has to invite David to the party.
17. C) Many students find Prof. Johnson‘s lectures boring.

18. D) Assemble a computer.
long conversation
19. B) It requires him to work long hours.
20. D) It demands physical endurance and patience.
21. D) In a hotel.
7















































































































22. B) Paying attention to every detail.
23. A) The pocket money British children get.
24. C) It often rises higher than inflation.
25. B) Pay for small personal things.
Section B
Passage 1
26. B) District managers
27. D) The important part played by district managers
28. B) Fifty percent of them were female
29. B) He was not gender sensitive
Passage 2
30. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly
31. D)
You can‘t tell how the person on the line is reacting

32. D) Stick to the point
Passage 3
33. B) Architect
34. A) Do some volunteer work.
35. C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.
Section C
36. curious37. figuring

38. independent

39. unusual

40. interacting
41. formal42. abstract43. mystery
44. he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately
45. by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it
46. including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him
仔细阅读答案

Section A
47. G incredibly48. K replace49. J reduced50. L sense51. H powering
52. D exceptions

53. E expand54. O vast55. F historic56. I protect
Section B
Passage 1
57. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.
58. A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
59. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.
60. C) To make them easily identifiable.
61. A) There is still a good chance for their being recovered.
Passage 2
62. B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking
63. A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good
64. B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed
65. C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem
66. B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy
完型答案

67. B) differ

68. B) via69. B) used70. B) lies71. B) of72. D) selects
73. A) sends in74. A) visible75. C) beyond76. D) allows77. B) behind
78. D) insignificant

79. C) corporations

80. D) only81. B) later
82. D) provided83. D) besides84. A) and85. C) widespread86. A) acquired
翻译答案

87. (in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment.
88. did she become angry/did she lose her temper before.
89. being invited to attend the opening ceremony.
90. (should) be fixed/installed by the window
91. the strong opposition of her parents/ her parents‘ strong opposition.

8



2009
年
12
月大学英语四级考试真题及答案



Part
Ⅰ

Writing (30 minutes)


注意：此部分试题在答题卡
1
上。



Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
short
essay
on
the
topic
of
Creating
a
Green
Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:


1.
建设绿色校园很重要



2.
绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境??



3.
为了建设绿色校园，我们应该??



Creating a Green Campus


Part
Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)


Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions
on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid


Good grades and high tests scores still matter
—
a lot
—
to many colleges as they award financial aid.


But
with
low-income
students
projected
to
make
up
an
ever-larger
share
of
the
college-bound
population
in
coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as
“
merit aid
”
, is the most effective
use of precious institutional dollars.


George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its
average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(
接受者
), pouring the savings, about
$$2.5 million, into need-based aid. AlleghenyCollege in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.


Now, HamiltonCollege in Clinton, N.Y
., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid
recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall
2008.


Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and
Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don
’
t meet need eligibility(
资
格
)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.


For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because
many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.


But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and
to improve their academic profits.
“
They
’
re trying to buy students,
”

says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.


Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.


“
As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,
”

says Monica Inzer, dean of
admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in
US News & World Repor
t‘s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.



Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $$ 1 million
a year,
“
served us well,
”

Inzer says, but
“
to be discounting the price for families that don
’
t need financial aid doesn
’
t feel right any
more.‖



Need- based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional
grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the
institutional
level.


Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based
grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state
’
s public institutions.


But
in
recent
years,
a
growing
chorus(
异口同声
)of
critics
has
begun
pressuring
schools
to
drop
the
practice.
Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be
“
a sign that people are starting to realize that there
’
s this destructive
competition
going
on,
”

says
Baum,
co-author
of
a
recent
College
Report
that
raises
concerns
about
the
role
of
institutional aid not based on need.


David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce
their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.


“
No
one
can
take
one-sided
action,
”

says
Laird,
who
is
exploring
whether
to
seek
an
exemption(
豁免
)from
federal
anti-trust
laws
so
member
colleges
can
discuss
how
they
could
jointly
reduce
merit
aid,
“
This
is
a
merry-go- round that
’
s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break
away by themselves.‖

9



A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don
’
t qualify for
need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and
need blurs.


That
’
s one reason Allegheny College doesn
’
t plan to drop merit aid entirely.


“
We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,
”

says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny
’
s vice president for enrollment.


Emory
University
in
Atlanta,
which
boasts
a
$$4.7
billion
endowment(
捐赠
),
meanwhile,
is
taking
another
approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families.
At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.


“
Yeah, we
’
re playing the merit game,
”

acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education.
But it has its strong point, too, he says.
“
The fact of the matter is, it
’
s not just about the lowest-income people. It
’
s the
average American middle-class family wh
o‘s being priced out of the market.‖



*A few words about merit-based aid:


Merit-based
aid
is
aid
offered
to
students
who
achieve
excellence
in
a
given
area,
and
is
generally
known
as
academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.


Academic merit scholarships are based on students
’

grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high
school.
They
are
typically
meant
for
students
going
straight
to
college
right
after
high
school.
However,
there
are
scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students
pay
tuition
bills,
and
they
can
be
renewed
each
year
as
long
as
the
recipients
continue
to
qualify.
In
some
cases,
students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.



Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(
突出
)in sports of any kind, from football to track and
field
events.
Recommendation
for
these
scholarships
is
required,
since
exceptional
athletic
performance
has
to
be
recognized by a coach or a referee(
裁判
). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.


Artistic
merit
scholarships
require
that
applicants
excel
in
a
given
artistic
area.
This
generally
includes
any
creative
field
such
as
art,
design,
fashion,
music,
dance
or
writing.
Applying
for
artistic
merit
scholarships
usually
requires that students submit a portfolio(
选辑
)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording
of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.


1. With more and more low- income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.


A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies


C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes


2. What did AlleghenyCollege in Meadville do three years ago?


A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.


B) It added $$ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.


C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.


D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.


3. The chief purpose of rankings- conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.


A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments


C) attract good students D) increase their revenues


4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.


A) it doesn
’
t pay to spend $$ 1 million a year to raise its ranking


B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements


C) it
’
s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students


D) it
’
s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition


5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.


A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions


C) the increasing number of top students D) schools
’

improved financial situations


6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?


A) They would like to see it reduced.


B) They regard it as a necessary evil.


C) They think it does more harm than good.


D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.


7. Why doesn
’
t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?


A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.


B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.


C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.


D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.
10



8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.


9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their
exceptional athletic performance.


10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic
field
Part
Ⅲ

Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)


Section A


Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions
will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.


Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.


C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.


12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.


C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.


13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images.


C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.


14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.


B) He can provide little useful information.


C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.


D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.


15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.


C) He can
’
t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.


16. A) She must have paid a lot


B) She is known to have a terrific figure.


C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results.


D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.


17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics.


B) He can serve as the woman
’
s tutor.


C) Physics is an important course at school.


D) The professor
’
s suggestion is constructive.


18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.


Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a day course.


C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.


20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.


C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.


21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year
’
s eve.


C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.


22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class.


C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check.


Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser.


C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.


24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative.


C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.


25. A) It is something inevitable.



B) It is frustrating sometimes.


C) It takes patience to manage.



D) It can be a good thing.


Section B


Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some
questions. Both
the passage
and
the questions will
be
spoken
only
once. After you
hear
a
question,
you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One


Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.


26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.


C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.
11



27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth
’
s.


C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.


28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.


C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.

Passage Two


Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.


29. A) Whether they should take the child home.


B) What Dr. Mayer
’
s instructions exactly were.


C) Who should take care of the child at home.


D) When the child would completely recover.


30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.


B) She makes them write down all her instructions.


C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.


D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.


31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors.


C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpe
Passage Three


Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.


32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.


C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.


33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.


B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.


C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.


D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.


34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.


B) Improve their working conditions.


C) Encourage them to compete with each other.


D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.


35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.


B) They concern a small number of people only.


C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.


D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.


Section C


Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to
fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from
44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words
you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the
third time, you should check what you have written.


注意：此部分试题在答题卡
2
上。



In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) ______ into three types
of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process.


Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature,
or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) ______ cover and longer pieces, such as an
article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a
(40) ______ for your study of the humanities.


As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece of music, art,
or literature.
For example, descriptive
writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a
composer
included
in
a
m
usical
composition,
so
as
to
make
pictures
or
sounds
in
the
reader‘s
mind
by
calling
up
specific details of the work. (44) ________.


Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This kind of writing is often
found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) _________.


Part
Ⅳ

Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)



Section B


Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
12



Passage One


Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.


Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they
’
ll change
America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I
’
m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just
for this country, but for me as an African-
American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world‘s
attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of
African-American woman they so rarely see.


Usually,
the
lives
of
black
women
go
largely
unexamined.
The
prevailing
theory
seems
to
be
that
we
’
re
all
hot-tempered single mothers who can
’
t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can
’
t escape
the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (
酗酒的
) mothers.


These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets
the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated
duty may be simple to be herself.


It won
’
t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American
women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse,
Michelle will represent us all.


Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady.
Many African-American blogs have written about what they
’
d like to see Michelle bring to the White House
—
mainly
showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work
to please everyone
—
an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (
沉
着
), confidence and intelligence will go a lon
g way in changing an image that‘s been around for far too long.



57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?


A) She serves as a role model for African women.


B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.


C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.


D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.


58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?


A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.


C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.


59. What do many African- Americans write about in their blogs?


A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.


B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.


C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.


D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.


60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?


A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,


B) She shouldn
’
t disappoint the African-American community.


C) However hard she tries, she can
’
t expect to please everybody.


D) She will give priority to African-American women
’
s concerns.


61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?


A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.


B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.


C) Outshine previous First Lady.


D) Fully display her fine qualities.


Passage Two


Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.


When next year
’
s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they
’
ll be joined
by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (
教务长
) of Yale, who
’
ll become Oxford
’
s vice-chancellor
—
a position equivalent to university president in America.


Hamilton
isn
’
t
the
only
educator
crossing
the
Atlantic.
Schools
in
France,
Egypt,
Singapore,
etc,
have
also
recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and
like so many businesses, it
’
s gone
global. Yet the talent flow isn‘t universal. High
-level personnel tend to head in only
one direction: outward from America.


The chief reason is that American schools don
’
t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the
board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government,
a major source of the university
’
s budget.
“
We didn
’
t do any global consideration,
”

says Patricia Hayes, the board
’
13

s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (
活动家
)
who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund- raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively
American
thing,
since
U.S.
schools
rely
heavily
on
donations.
The
fund-raising
ability
is
largely
a
product
of
experience and necessity.


Many
European
universities,
meanwhile,
are
still
mostly
dependent
on
government
funding.
But
government
support
has
failed
to
keep
pace
with
rising
student
number.
The
decline
in
government
support
has
made
funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.


In
the
past
few
years,
prominent
schools
around
the
world
have
joined
the
trend.
In
2003,
when
CambridgeUniversity
appointed
Alison
Richard,
another
former
Yale
provost,
as
its
vice-chancellor,
the
university
publicly stressed that in her previous job s
he had overseen ―a major strengthening of Yale‘s financial position.‖



Of course, fund-raising isn
’
t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities
will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global
student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.


62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?


A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.


B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.


C) American universities are enrolling more international students.


D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.


63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?


A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.


C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.


64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?


A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.


B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.


C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.


D) Most of their revenues come from the government.


65. CambridgeUniversity appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.


A) she was known to be good at raising money


B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale


C) she knew how to attract students overseas


D) she had boosted Yale
’
s academic status


66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?


A) They can enhance the university
’
s image.


B) They will bring with them more international faculty.


C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.


D) They can set up new academic disciplines.



Part VI Translation (5 minutes)


Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write
your translation on Answer Sheet 2.


87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(
按照我的指令去做
).


88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(
放弃对知识的追求
).


89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(
我们找到治愈癌症的方法
).


90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(
与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步
).


91. The more exercise you take,________________________(
你越不大可能得感冒
).

2009
年
12
月大学英语四级考试答案详解



Part
Ⅰ

Writing


审题谋篇



本次四级作文主题为
“绿色校园”
，
这是一个看似简单普通的话题，
写起来却不是那么容易。
因为很多考生
对于 “绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文
提纲入手进行分析以获取对
“绿色校园”
这一概念的相关信息。
根据作文提示
2
，
可以看出此处的
“绿色校园”
指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构 成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指
一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的 环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概
念的基础上，考生还应对“绿色校 园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园
的环境问题出发，进而扩展到 师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡
献。最后是阐述建设“绿 色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语
14
< br>言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分 布
为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。



参考范文



Creating a Green Campus


Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining
“
a green earth
”

being the focus of the society,
“
green campus
”

has
become
a
more
and
more
popular
concept
in
universities
or
colleges,
which,
undoubtedly,
will
bring
us
an
ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.


The concept of
“
green campus
”

does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental
sense
in
people
’
s
mind.
Campus
plays
a
crucial
role
in
educating
the
young
generation
and
the
consciousness
of
“
green campus
”

will definitely produce
a profound effect on students‘ various environmental protection activities
after their graduation. What‘s mor
e, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and
there are many problems waiting for them to solve.


To make
“
green campus
”

come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development
of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people
’
s awareness of the serious pollution around us and
actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society,
so as to ensure that ―green campus‖ can work smoothly with the co
-effort of the whole society.


建设绿色校园



近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，
“绿色 校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。
这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。



“绿色校园”
不仅仅指绿色的环境，
还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。
学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，
“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长 远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重
的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。



为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策 。其次，还需要人们对
环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是 ，有必要加强学校和社会的
联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。



范文点评



范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切 题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的
长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园 ”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园
中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园 这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具
体的做法，分一、二、三点进行 论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准
确。关系词的正确使用让句 与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。



【生动的用词】

maintain
保持
;concept
概念
;profound
长远的
;sustainable
可持续的
;recyclable
可循环的。



【丰富的短语】
bring benefit to
带来利益
;play a crucial role in
发挥关键作用
;under the burden of
在??重负
下
;come true
实现
;call for
要求。



【多变的句式】



范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句
子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。



避错指导



本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大 关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本
哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和 谐发展这一背景下的“绿色
校园”
，
同时也是一个社会热点话题，
这是我们审 题时所必须考虑的。
另外开篇时，
切忌拖泥带水，
应直截了当，
使阅卷老师对 文章主题一目了然。



除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用， 不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全
面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。



最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：



正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写



focus n.
焦点

focuse


effect n.
影响

effection /affect


environment n.
环境

envirment/invironment


burden n.
负担

burdon


solve v.
解决

slove


serious a.
严肃的

serous
15



true a.
真的

ture


society n.
社会

soceity


theory n.
理论

thery


总 之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级
语 言表达合格的核心。



能力拓展



【同义词转换】



作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。



1. realize
→

be aware of
意识到



We
’
d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us.
我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。



2. keep
→

preserve
保持



It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment.
有必要教育
学生意识到保护环境的重要性。



3. lead
→

conduct
引导



This will help conduct the activities of the college students.
这有助于引导大学生的行为。



【话题备考锦囊】



6. The idea of
“
a green campus
”

is beyond a green environment.
“绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。



7. The construction of
“
a green campus
”

will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental
protection activities.
建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。



8. To bring
“
a green campus
”

to its full play, effective measures should be taken.
为全面实施“绿色校园”
，
必须采取有效措施。



9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental
health as well.
校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。



10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus.
毫无疑问，
对于绿色校园应
该给与更多的思考。



【话题词汇拓展】



devastation n.
毁坏












disastrous a.
损失惨重的



doom v.
厄运，毁灭












existence n.
存在，生活



healthful a.
健康的

messy a.
肮脏的，凌乱的



participation n.
分享，参与

















preserve v.
保存，保护



preventive a.
预防性的





















purify v.
澄清，净化



stimulation n.
激励，鼓舞


















arouse consciousness
唤起意识



命题风向标



本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑” 主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高
分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。 如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：
green
campus
和
environmental-friendly campus;
“绿色校园的构建”可以使用
create
，
build u p
，
establish
和
construct
等，以体
现 考生对词汇多样性的积累。



从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再 到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时
开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。
更多地立足真题，
总结规律，
切实提高 自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。


Part
Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)


篇章结构


核心词汇



1. aid n.
①帮助，援助②助手
v.
帮助，援助



【用】
financial aid
经济援助
;merit aid/ Merit- based
奖学金
;need-based aid
助学金或经济资助
;foreign aid
外援，
对外援助
;hearing aid
助听器
;aids and appliances
用具，设备【搭】
in aid to
用来帮助，起??作用
;lead one
’
s aid
(to)
援助，给予帮助
;in aid of
作为援助??之用【拓】
aidance n.
协助，帮助
;aidant a.
帮助的
;aided a.
辅助的



2. project v.
①设计②发射
n.
事业，计划，工程



【用】
Project Hope
希望工程
;project manager
项目经理
;project plan
项目规划
;project budget
项目预算，工程
预算【拓】
projection n.
突出，发射
;projecting a.
突出的



3. selective a.
选择性的

16



4.
【用】
selective analysis
重点分析
;selective breeding
选择育种，
选择性繁殖
【拓】
select v.
挑选，
选拔
a.
精
选的
;selection n.
选择，挑选，选集



5. package n.
包裹
;
套装软件，程序包
a.
一揽子的



【用】
package design
包装设计
;package agreement
一揽子安排，一揽子方案
;package holiday(
旅行社安排一
切的
)
一揽子旅游
;package tour
包办旅行
(
路线、
地点、
时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排 的旅游
);package program
组装程序【拓】
pack n.
包装，背包
v.
包装，压紧
;packaged a.
袋装的
;packager n.
打包机



6. ranking a.
头等的
;n.
等级，地位

【用】
ranking list
排名
;ranking method
等级法，排序法

【拓】
rank n.
等级
;
队列
;v.
排列，列队



7. grant v.
①授予②承认
;n.
①授予物②拨款



【用】
grant of a patent
授予专利权
【搭】
take
?
for granted
认为??是理所当然
; Granted/Granting that
即使??
(
也
)
【拓】
grants n.
补助金，津贴
(grant
的复数
)


8. enrol v.
登记，入学，参军，注册



【搭】
enrol in
选课，参加【拓】
enrollment n.
登记，入伍
;enrollee n.
入学者，入伍者



9. eliminate v.
消除，排除



【用】
eliminate illiteracy
扫盲
;eliminate poverty
消除贫困
;eliminate noise
消除噪声【拓】
eliminate
是指把已
进入者从中排除
;exclude v.
指把想进入者拒之门外



10. qualify v.
使具有资格，
证明??合格
【用】
qualifying examination
资格考试，
初试
;qualifying competition
预选赛，资格赛【搭】
qualify as
取得??资格，作为??合适
;qualify for
有??的资格，合格【拓】
qualified a.
有资格的，合格的



11. excel v.
胜过，优于，擅长
n. [
计算机
]
软件名称

【搭】
to excel in/at (
在某方面
)
胜过
(
或超过
)
别人
;to excel in music
擅长音乐

【拓】

excellent a.
极好的，卓越的
;excellence n.
优秀，长处



12. submit v.
使服从，提交【用】
submit oneself to discipline
遵守纪律
;submit registration
提交登记表，提交
注册【搭】
submit to
服从
;submit
?
to
将??呈交给【拓】

submission n.
服从，投降



试题详解



1.
【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院
__
。



B
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
more and more
，
low-income students
和
pursuing higher education
。由此
即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。



【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：
“
But with low- income students projected to make up an ever- larger share of the
college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit
aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.
”原文中
with low-income students projected to make up
an
ever- larger
share
of
the
college-bound
population
和题干中
with
more
and
more
low-income
students
pursuing
higher education
意思一致
;
原文中
re-exa mining
和
B
选项中
revise
意思相同。所以答案为
B
。



2.
【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么
?


D
【快速解题】
本题的题干关键词是大学名称
Allegheny College in Meadville
和
do
，
由此定位到原文第三段。



【篇章分析】
原文第三段指出：
“
George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week
that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (
接
受者
), pouring the savings, about $$2.5 million, into need-based aid. AlleghenyCollege in Meadville, Pa., made a similar
decision three years ago.
”题目中的
D
项
It cut its merit- based aid help the needy students
与原文
cut the value of its
average
merit
scholarships
by
about
one-third
and
reduce
the
number
of
recipients,
pouring
the
savings,
about $$2.5
million, into need-based aid
意思相同，所以答案为
D
。



3.
【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是
__
。



C
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
rankings- conscious
和
purpose
，由此可定位到原文第七段。



【篇章分析】
原文第七段指出：
“
But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as
a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的
recruit
表示“招收”
，和答案
C
中的
attract
意思相似，所以答案为
C
。



4.
【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡?英泽相信
__
。



D
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton
，由此可定
位到原文第十段。



【篇章分析】
原文第十段指出：
“
to be discounting the price for families that don
’
t need financial aid doesn
’
t feel
right any more.
”
原文与
D
项
it
’
s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition
意思相同，
所以答案为
D
。

17



5.
【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为
__
。



B
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
merit-based aid
和
increased
，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。



【篇章分析】
原文第十二段第二句指出：
“
typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state
’
s public institutions.
”

in a bid to
可以理解为
“为了??，
力求??”
。
enroll top students in the state
’
s public institutions
符合原题意思，
所以答案为
B
6.
【原题译文】依大卫?莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么
?


A
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
David Laird
，
attitude
，
private colleges
和
merit aid
，由此即可定位到原
文第十四段。



【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：
“
David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many
of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid
”
。
原文和答案
A
项
They would like to see it reduced
意思一致，
所
以答案为
A
。



7.
【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金
?


C
【快速解题】本题的题干是
Allegheny College
和
drop merit aid
。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。



【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：
“
A
complicating
factor
is
that
merit
aid
has
become
so
popular
with
middle-income families, who don
’
t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.
”
。原文中
depend on
和答案
C
选项中的
rely on
意思相同，所以答案为
C
。



8. qualified


【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学 金得主是否继续
________
。



【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
annual renewal
，
academic
，
merit scholarship s
和
recipient
，由此即可定位
到原文
A few words about merit-based aid
这一部分。



【篇章分析】原文
A few words about merit-based aid
部分第四句指出：
“
These merit scholarships usually help
students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify
”
。
这些奖学金< br>通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的
each ye ar
在本题中被换成了
annual
，原文中的
renewed
在本 题中被换成了名词
renewal
，原文中的
continue
被转换成了< br>remain
，所以本题应
该填形容词
qualified
。



9. recognizes


【原题译文】体育 奖学金申请者要求有
______
其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。



【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
athletic
和
a coach or a referee
，由此即可定位到原文
A few words about
merit-based aid
这一部分第三段。



【篇章分析】
原文
A few words about merit-based aid
这一部分第三段：
“
Recommendation for this scholarships
is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (
裁判
).
”本奖学金必须
有人推 荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，
而
a coach or
a referee
是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是
r ecognizes
。



10. excellence


【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域
___ ___
的证明。



【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
applicants
，
artistic merit scholarships
，
produce evidence
和
show
，由此可
定位到原文
A few words about merit-based aid
这一部分第四段。



【篇章分析】
原文
A few words about merit- based aid
这一部分第四段指出：
“
Artistic merit scholarships require
that applicants excel in a given artistic area
”
。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的
in a
given artistic field
和题目中的
in a particular artistic field
同义，
题目中需要填的是动词
show
的宾语，
即一个名词，
而原句中对应的
excel
却是动词 词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是
excel
的名词形式
excellence
。



Part
Ⅲ

Listening Comprehension


Section A


试题详解



11. A) Get some small change. A)
换取零钱。



B) Find a shopping center. B)
找一个购物中心。



C) Cash a check at a bank. C)
在银行兑现支票。



D) Find a parking meter. D)
找一个停车计费器。



【听音指导】选项 均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似场景即可，并
且按照听力短对话 规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。



【正确项分析】
由
but
后的
money changer
可知男生需要换零钱，
可快速排除选项
B (
购物中心
)
和选项
D (
停
18

车
)
二个场景，答案应在选项
A
、
C
当中。C
选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选项中的银行只字未提，
由此可知答案为选项A
。



【原文及译文】



M: Excuse me. Do you have change for a ten- dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.


W: I
’
m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street.


Q: What is the man trying to do?


男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开 一张
10
美元的钞票吗
?
我需要支付停车费。



女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。



问题：男士要干什么
?


【词汇点拨】
parking meter
停车计费器
;cash a check
支票兑现
;change n.
零钱



12. A) Shopping with his son. A)
与儿子一起购物。



B) Buying a gift for a child. B)
给孩子买礼物。



C) Promoting a new product. C)
促销新产品。



D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. D)
与女售货员讨价还价。



【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少 主语，与
11
题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即
可，可快速排除选 项
C
，因为只有
C
选项是关于“出售”
(
促销
)< br>，而其它选项都和“购买”有关
;
答案应在选项
A
、
B
、
D
中。



【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导 意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了
suggest
，其后必有
答案，女生提 到
toy train
和
brand
，加上男生说的
school boy
，可确定答案为选项
B
。



【干扰项分 析】
A
选项中的
son
是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项
D
可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及
关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。



【原文及译文】



M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?


W: I
’
d suggest this toy train, sir. It
’
s an excellent brand. Very popular all over the world these days.


Q: What is the man doing?


男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗
?


女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。



问题：男士正在做什么
?


【词汇点拨】
recommend v.
推荐
;brand n.
品牌
;promote v.
促销
;bargain v.
讨价还价



13. A) Taking photographs. A)
拍照。



B) Enhancing images. B)
突显形象。



C) Mending cameras. C)
修理相机。



D) Painting pictures. D)
画画。



【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项
D
与其他三项明显不同，可初 步排除。第一句由
女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到
taking pictures(
拍照
)
，由此确定话题方向。



【正确项分析】女士说话中提到
taking pictures
，与选项
A
中的
taking photographs
一致，答案为
A
选项。



【原文及译文】



W: Do you let people know when you
’
re taking pictures of them?


M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural.


Q: What are the speakers talking about?


女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗
?


男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。



问题：讲话人在谈论什么
?

【词汇点拨】
pose v.
摆姿势

n.
姿势，姿态
;enhance v.
提高，加强
;image n.
图像，形象



14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. A)
他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。



B) He can provide little useful information. B)
他提供不了太多有用信息。



C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. C)
他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。



D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. D)
他将找其他人来帮助女士。



【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题 加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”
。本题需要对考生
有一定的实力要求，属 于可“失分”的题目。关注动词

move to
，
provide
，
show around
和
ask
。



【正确项分析】经 典转折考法，直接用
but
定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当
地情况不够了解。答案为
B
选项。

19



【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”
，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可 顺利排除
A
选项。选项
C
没有提及。选项
D
与选项
B
为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提出找人帮忙，故排除选
项
D
。< br>


【原文及译文】



W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I
’
m told you lived there.


M: Oh, but I was really young at the time


Q: What does the man mean?


女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。



男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。



问题：男士是什么意思
?


【词汇点拨】
show around
领??参观

15. A) He is rather disappointed. A)
他非常失望。



B) He is highly ambitious. B)
他很有抱负。



C) He can
’
t face up to the situation. C)
他不能面对处境。



D) He knows his own limitation. D)
他知道自己的不足。



【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有
B
提到了“正面、积极”的方 向，可初步排除。选项预读较难，但本题
属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。
but出现表示“前否后肯”
，直接用
but
定位答案，就可选出正确选
项。< br>


【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”
，表明 他知道自己的不足之处，与选项
D
同义。



【干扰项分析】
A
选项中是
rather
，与原文的
a little
不一致，可排除。
C
选项原文中未曾提及。



【原文及译文】



W: Aren
’
t you disappointed that you didn
’
t get the promotion?


M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I
’
m ready for that kind of responsibility.


Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?


女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗
?


男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。



问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息
?

【词汇点拨】
disappointed a.
失望的
;ambitious a.
有雄心的
;promotion n.
晋升
;responsibility n.
责任



16. A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. A)
她一定在健身房花了很多钱。



B) She is known to have a terrific figure. B)
她以身材好而闻名。



C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. C)
她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。



D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. D)
她努力健身的做法值得称赞。



【听音指导】预读四个选项，可 知选项
A
与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项
B
、
C
都 是关于锻炼效
果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。



【正确项分析】男士提到
your effort has paid off
，这与选项
C
中的
has yielded good results
一致，故选择
C
项。



【干扰 项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，
B
选项可排除。男士也未称赞她的作法 ，
故排除选项
D
。



【原文及译文】



W: I
’
ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.


M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.


Q: What does the man imply about the woman?


女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。



男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。



问题：男士暗示女士什么
?


【词汇点拨】
gym n.
健身房
;yield v.
产生
;keep fit
保持体型
;work out
体育锻炼
;out of shape
走形，
走样
;pay
off
得到好结果



17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. A)
女学生不适合学习物理。



B) He can serve as the woman
’
s tutor. B)
他可以担当女士的家庭教师。



C) Physics is an important course at school. C)
在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。



D) The professor
’
s suggestion is constructive. D)
教授的建议是有建设性的。



【听音指导】本题选项预读最难， 找不出明显的相反或相似选项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。选项
A
、
C
20

与物理有关，选项
B
、
D
是导师的建议，待场景明确后再 排除。



【正确项分析】
首句用到
suggest接着说到
tutor
场景明确，
和选项
B
、
D
有关，
排除选项
A
、
C
。
首句
Professor
Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics
，可知答案为选项
D
。



【原文及译文】



W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.


M: Well, that might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course.


Q: What does the man mean?


女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。



男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。



问题：男士的意思是什么
?


【词汇点拨】
tutor n.
家庭教师
;constructive a.
有益的，建设性的



18. A) Indifferent. A)
漠不关心的。



B) Doubtful. B)
怀疑的。



C) Pleased. C)
高兴的。



D) Surprised. D)
惊奇的。



【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C
。本题为加了“弦外之音”意义解释题，同义替换是答
案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点 可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语气。



【正确项分析】 女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有表示怀疑，
所以轻易排除选 项
B
、
C
。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项A
意义相符。



【原文及译文】



W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won
’
t be laid off after all.


M: Oh, I
’
m somewhat tired of working here. I
’
ve been wondering whether I should resign. Anyway, the news
seems to be good for you.


Q: How does the man feel about the news?


女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗
?
好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。



男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对 你来说是个
好事。



问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的
?


【词汇点拨】
indifferent
a.
漠不关心的
;doubtful
a.
持怀疑态度的
;lay
off
解雇
;resign
v.
辞职
;be
tired
of
?
对??厌倦

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. A)
他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。



B) He has signed up for a day course. B)
他已经报名参加白天课程。



C) He has to work during the day. C)
他白天上班。



D) He finds the evening course cheaper. D)
他发现晚上课程更便宜。



【听音指导】预览选项，选项
A
、
D
讨论
evening class
，选项
B
讲述
day course
，立刻可推测此长对话与课
程有关，
且该课程有
day class
和
evening class
之分。
从这四个选项暗含的意义推 测，
男士应偏重于
evening class
，
可初步推测，此题考查男士选择
evening class
的原因。



【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明
it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day
，关键< br>词在于
since
，正所谓“因果必考”
，选项
C
与原文相符 。



20. A) Learn a computer language. A)
学习一门计算机语言。



B) Learn data processing. B)
学习数据处理。



C) Buy some computer software. C)
买一些电脑软件。



D) Buy a few course books. D)
买一些课本。



【听音指导】行为动作考 查题，根据
19
题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所报课程与电脑
有关 ，因为前三项均与
computer
有关。可知选项
D
与其他三项明显不同， 可初步排除。本题也为一细节题，在
听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。



【正确项分析】女士先提到了
Have you taken any courses in data processing
，在其后紧跟着又对其进行了解
释
data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming
。
对于
data p rocessing
在对
话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择
B
选项。


21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. A)
周四晚，
7
点至
9
点
45
分。



B) From September 1 to New Year
’
s eve. B)
从
9
月
1
号至新年前夕。

21



C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. C)
每周一，持续
12
周。



D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. D)
一星期三小时，总共
45
小时。



【听音指导 】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为某一课程所
持续的时间 。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。


【正确项分析】
对该问题的回答，
信息较分散，
最初提到了
every Monday, from 7 to 9:45
。
接下来在
let me see
停顿之后出现答案
12 weeks
，
from September 1 to Christmas eve.
整合以上信息，应选
C
。



【干扰项分析】
选项
A
错在
Thursday evening
，
原文中明确给出应该是
Monday evening
。
选项
B
中的
New Year
’
s eve
也是偷梁换柱，应为
Christmas eve。选项
D
涉及小计算，每晚
3
小时，持续
12
周，应大 约总共
36
小时才
正确。



22. A) What to bring for registration. A)
登记时需要带什么。



B) Where to attend the class. B)
到哪里去上课。



C) How he can get to Frost Hall. C)
去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。



D) Whether he can use a check. D)
他是否能用支票。



【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则， 本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选
项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的 内容。



【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，
Is there anything that I should bring
with me?
与选项
A
同义。



【干扰项分析】许多考生按 照常理或主观臆测选定选项
B
，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明
确表明< br>I know how to get there
，选项
C
是多余的。文中虽 提到
checkbook
，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男
士的发问，故排除。


【原文及译文】



W: Hello, ParksonCollege. May I help you?


M: Yes. I
’
m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester.


W: Do you want a day or evening course?


M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.


W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?


M: No.


W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.


M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays.


W: Well, there
’
s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.


M: Just once a week?


W: Yes. But that
’
s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.


M: Oh! Well, that
’
s alright. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?


W:
Mm,
let
me
see.
12
weeks.
You
start
the
first
week
in
September,
and
finish,
oh,
just
before
Christmas.
December 21st.


M: And how much is the course?


W: That
’
s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.


M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?


W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.


M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?


W: Yes, that
’
s the one.


M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?


W: No, just your checkbook.


M: Well, thank you very much.


W: You
’
re very welcome. Bye!


M: Bye!


19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?


20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?


21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?


22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?





【词汇点拨】
course
n.
课程
;computer
programming
计算机编程
;data
processing
数据处理
;parking
lot
停车
场
;schedule n.
时间表

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22



23. A) A training coach. A)
教练员。



B) A trading adviser. B)
商业顾问。



C) A professional manager. C)
职业经理。



D) A financial trader. D)
金融交易商。



【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，对于职业的
考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。



【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及
trading in financial markets
，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业
是
financial trader.


24. A) He can save on living expenses. A)
他可以节省生活费用。



B) He considers cooking creative. B)
他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。



C) He can enjoy healthier food. C)
他喜欢健康食物。



D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. D)
他觉得外带食品不好吃。



【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项< br>A
与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在
听音过程中，如提 及
cooking
或
food
，应多加注意，适时记录。



【正确项分析】
听音过程中听到此句
I always cook a meal rather than have a take- away
，
即可知答案就在附近，
接下来的一句
To do something my brain will regard as creative
中，出现 了关键词
creative
，选项
B
与之相符，故
选择
B< br>选项。



25. A) It is something inevitable. A)
是某种不可避免的事情。



B) It is frustrating sometimes. B)
有时候令人沮丧。



C) It takes patience to manage. C)
它需要耐心来管理。



D) It can be a good thing. D)
它可能是件好事。



【听音指导】
本题是细节加评论题，
关键要弄清楚各选项中it
所指代的内容。
本文出现频率最多的词是
stress
，
可 大胆推测，此题考查的是对
stress
的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力 对话的后两句。



【正确项分析】
I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty.
只要抓住此句中的一个关键词
uncertainty
，此题
便可轻易而解，选项
A
正确。



【原文及译文】



W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?


M: Stress is generally
driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation
controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.


W: How do you relax in the evening?


M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it
’
s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a
run, especially if I
’
ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my brain
would regard as creative.


W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?


M: I don
’
t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for me.


W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?


M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a
good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.


W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?


M:
Having
said
all
that,
I
do
actually
enjoy
an
element
of
uncertainty.
I
enjoy
a
mental
challenge.
Trading
generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short,
medium and long term trading performance and success.


23: What is the man
’
s job?


24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?


25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?



Section B


Passage One


篇章结构



本次四级听力篇章从 内容难度上来讲，
比
2009
年
6
月的更难。
此篇文章属于 天文类，
讲的是除地球以外的
星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命 的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定
位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就 是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。



词汇点拨



fascinated a.
着迷的
;surface n.
表面
;bacteria n
细菌
;automatically ad.
自动地
;probe n.
探头，
探针
;evolution n.
23

进化



话题词汇



beneath prep.
在??之下
Jupiter n.
木星

moon n.
卫星，月球
nitrogen n.
氮



planet n.
行星，星球

volcanic activity
火山活动



难句解析



1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.


【解析】
since early times
作时间状语，主句主语为
people
，谓语为
be fascinated with
，即“对??着迷”
，
着迷的对象是
idea of life
，
existing somewhere else besides earth
为现在分词作定语修饰名词
life
。



2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic
heat.


【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为
make sb. do sth.
，让某人做某事 ，
that
引出
think
的从句。从句的主语为
Europa，
giving off volcanic heat
作定语修饰
has
的宾语
a rocky core
。



试题详解



26. A) There were no planets without moons. A)
除了卫星外没有行星。



B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. B)
在木星上没有空气或水。



C) Life was not possible in outer space. C)
在外空是没有生命的。



D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D)
生命的奥秘是不能解决的。



【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题 考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中
找到，具体的说，是在开头
30
秒。选项
D
与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注
no planets
，
no air or
water
还是
no life
。



【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经
(once)
相信什么事实
?
那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太
空不 可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是
Until
recently,
scientists
believed
that
life
on
other
planets was just a hopeful dr eam
，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择
C
项。



27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. A)
有很多活火山。



B) It has an atmosphere like the earth
’
s. B)
有像地球上的大气层。



C) It has a large ocean under its surface. C)
在它的表面有一个大海洋。



D) It has deep caves several miles long. D)
有几英里长的深洞穴。



【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解 决各选项中
it
所指的内
容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星 球的描述。



【正确项分析】
问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到 什么，
那么应该是
Space probes have provided evidence that
Europa has a large ocean under its surface
，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。
C
选项与 原文一模
一样。



28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. A)
光不是必备因素。



B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. B)
生命在很热的温度下能够形成。



C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. C)
每种生命的形成都需要进化。



D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. D)
氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。



【听音指导】根据惯例，最后 一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分
别为
light，
hot temperatures
，
evolution
和
oxygen
，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。



【正确项分析】
注意转折连词
but
前后，
原文为
Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now,
places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria,
primitive forms of life, have been seen there< br>。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的
地方—比如几英里深的洞里， 也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项
A
正确。



原文及译文



Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until
recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate
places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now
think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a
moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have
also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat
from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon,
oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa
’
s ocean. They
may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently,
24

scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as
caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in
Europa‘s sub
-
surface ocean doesn‘t automatically rule out life forming.



26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?


27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?


28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?





Passage Two


篇章结构



本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信 息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子
的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些 亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在
以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸 质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。



词汇点拨



suffer v.
遭受
;confusing a.
令人迷惑的
;episode n.
插曲
;version n.
版本
;challenge v.
挑战



话题词汇



context n.
上下文

physician n.
内科医生

recover v.
恢复

stability n.
稳定性



act out
表演出来

emergency room
急诊室

oral communication
口头交际



tailored to
定制的



难句解析



1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.


【解析】
此句为倒装句，
强调
listening to her
，
主语为
a half a dozen other family members
。
正常语序为：
A half
a dozen other family members were also listening to her.


2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four
different versions.


【解析】本句两分句由连词
but
连接，
had heard
为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动
作。
I have given just a few hours before
做定语修饰
the simple instructions
，省略连接词
that
。

试题详解



29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A)
他们是否应该将孩子带回家。



B) What Dr. Mayer
’
s instructions exactly were. B)
玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。



C) Who should take care of the child at home. C)
谁在家照顾孩子。



D) When the child would completely recover. D)
什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。



【听音指导】
浏览四 个选项，
应注意到都为
wh-
开头的疑问词，
且提到了医生和孩子，
take care of
以及
recover
，
可初步推测此题涉及的场 景为医院，病人为孩子。



【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，
原文为
the family asked her to settle an argument they
’
d
been having over exactly what advice she had g iven
，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何
解决。选项
B< br>中的
instructions
与原文的
advice
同义，选项B
正确。



30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A)
她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。



B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B)
她让他们记下她的医嘱。



C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C)
她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。



D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D)
她让他们复述要做的事。



【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测
she
指代的是
Doctor
Myer
，而与医生相对的多半为病人。
注意关键词
ask question
，
write down
，
act out
和
repeat
。



【正确项分析】玛 雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢
?
原文为
She asks them to tell her what they
think they are supposed to do
，原文的

tell her
与选项
D
中的关键 词
repeat
一致，选项
D
为正确答案，



31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A)
它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。



B) It contains many grammatical errors. B)
它包含许多语法错误。



C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C)
它十分依赖上下文语境。



D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D)
它有助于人际交往。



【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字
stability
，
errors
，
context
和
communication。



【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流

(human
speech)
总结了什么。
原文为
human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word
，
与选项
A
一致。



原文及译文

25



In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second
degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents
about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A
few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they‘d been having over
exactly what advice she had given. ―As I talked to them, I was amazed.‖ she said, ―All of
them had heard the simple
instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details
were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.
”

This episode gave Doctor Mayer
her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don
’
t listen very well.


Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks
them
to
tell
her
what
they
think
they
are
supposed
to
do.
She
also
provides
take- home
sheets
which
are
computer
printouts tailored to the pati
ents‘ situation. Doc. Mayer‘s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is
presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of
the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.


29. What did the child
’
s family members argue about in the hospital?


30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?


31. What does the speaker say about human speech?





Passage Three


篇章结构



此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工 的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资
或者工作环境，而是工作中的 挑战。



词汇点拨



challenging a.
挑战性的
;logical a.
合理的
;manually ad.
手动地
;identify v.
认同
;tedious a.
单调的，沉闷的



话题词汇



arbitrarily ad.
专横地
mechanical a.
机械的
robotics n.
机器人学

by definition
当然



job security
职业安全感

labor relations
劳资关系



难句解析



1. It
’
s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits
and
job
security
motivate
workers,
but
one
expert,
Frederick
Herzberg
argued
that
such
conditions
do
not
motivate
workers.


【解析】此句结构是由转折连词
but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，
it
做形式主语，后面的不定式
to
suppose
是真正主语。
That
引导宾语从句，
介词
lik e
以及其引导内容做
things
的后置定语。
后面一个分句中，
o ne
expert
与
Frederick Herzberg
为同位语，
that
后引导宾语从句。



2. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there
’
re always plenty of boring, repetitive
and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.


【解析】本句主句为
there be
句型，常见的短语
with the development of
作时间状语，意 为“随着??的发
展”
。
jobs
和
people
为表语， 三个并列形容词
boring
，

repetitive
和

mechanical
一起修饰
jobs
，
w ho
引导的定语
从句修饰先行词
unskilled people
试题详解



32. A) Job security. A)
职业安全感。



B) Good labor relations. B)
愉快的劳资关系。



C) Challenging work. C)
挑战性的工作。



D) Attractive wages and benefits. D)
有吸引力的工资和利益。



【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词
job security
，
labor relation
，
work
，和
wages and benefits< br>可知，此篇短文
主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。



【正确项分析】
此题问的是主题，
到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。
原文
Motivators, in contrast, include
things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility
，连接词
in contrast
附近出现了
答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项
C
，即挑战性的工作。



【干扰项分析】
原文首句虽谈及选项
A
、
B
、
D
各项内容，
但是
but
转折后全盘否定
but one expert, Frederick
Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers
。故可全部排除。



33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. A)
许多单调工作继续由手工做。



B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. B)
越来越多的非技术工人将失业。



C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. C)
电脑将改变很多工作性质。

26



D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. D)
无聊的工作将变得快乐。



【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题 考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—
tedious
，
unskilled and lose
job
，
computer
和
boring and enjoyable
。



【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中
However, even with the development of
computers and robotics, there
’
re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people
who have to do them.
，连接词< br>however
后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊
的 、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案
A
选项中的
tedious
以及
manually
。



34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. A)
提供给他们晋升机会。



B) Improve their working conditions. B)
改善他们的工作条件。



C) Encourage them to compete with each other. C)
鼓励他们相互竞争。



D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. D)
给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。



【听音指导】
此题为一细节题。
选项
B
与其他三项明显不同，
可初步排除。
听音时 ，
注意选项中的
promotion
，
compete
和
t eam
。



【正确项分析】
原文中激励超市员工工作是 个案，
但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。
即出现在
for example
前的总结句：
Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team
。
but
后强调的是
team
，正确
答案为选项
D
。



35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. A)
他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。



B) They concern a small number of people only. B)
他们与少数人相关。



C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. C)
是管理人员随意制定的。



D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. D)
他们超出了普通工人的控制。



【听音指导】首先意识到最后一 题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积
极的，而是有负面影响的。


【正确项分析】
为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，
答案 出现在结尾前
30
秒处，
即
Such values are more likely
to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few peo ple
，意为团队精神更能激起工
作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案 为选项
B
。



原文及译文



It
’
s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and
job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.
They
are
merely
satisfiers.
Motivators,
in
contrast,
include
things
such
as
having
a
challenging
and
interesting
job,
recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there‘re always plenty
of
boring,
repetitive
and
mechanical
jobs
and
lots
of
unskilled
people
who
have
to
do
them.
So
how
do
managers
motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For
example,
some
supermarkets
combine
office
staff,
the
people
who
fill
the
shelves,
and
the
people
who
work
at
the
checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people
now talk about the importance of a company‘s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example,
being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field.
Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people.
Unfortunately,
there‘s
only
a
limited
number
of
such
goals
to
go
around
and
by
d
efinition,
not
all
the
competing
companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.


32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?


33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?


34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?


35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?



Section C


原文重现



In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) classified into three types
of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) background information on an
author, composer or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book
jacket or (38) album cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a
music (39) appreciation course. This kind of writing provides a (40) context for your study of the humanities.


As its name (41) implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an (42) image of, a piece of music, art
or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) instruments a
composer
included
in
a
musical
composition,
so
a
s
to
make
pictures
of
sounds
in
the
readers‘
mind
by
calling
up
specific details of the work. (44) Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical
27

writing.


Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) It tells the reader how to do something,
for
example,
explaining
the
technique
used
to
show
a
film.
This
kind
of
writing
is
often
found
in
art,
where
understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46)Authors may actually use more than one type of
techniques in the given piece of informational writing.


篇章结构



此次复合 式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。短文结构，
先总后分 。
原文中充斥了许多长难词，
致使考生预读时就一头雾水。
尤其是全文的首句：
In the humanities, authors
write to inform you in many ways.
关键是要正确理解
humanities(
人 文学科
)
一词。



词汇点拨



humanities n.
人文学科
;context n.
环境，语境，上下文
;technique n.
技巧



话题词汇



composer n.
作曲家
book jacket
护封

instrument n.
乐器

background information
背景知识



music appreciation
音乐鉴赏

musical composition
乐曲



试题详解



36.
【听音指导】 根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成??”
，轻易可以联想到常考词
classifie d
，构
成
be classified into
结构。



37.
【
听音指导】
事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，
在预读时，
很容易将其推测为形容词，
但
background
是常见词， 而
background information
作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用到。



38.
【听音指导】此空中的内容与
book
，
long piec e
并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与
book
等为一类。
album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。



39.
【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于
appreciation (
“鉴赏”
)
这个词
的拼写。
appreciate
作动词， 意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。



40.
【听音指导】为研究 人文学科提供环境，其中
context
是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能考到，此题不
易失分。



41.
【
听音指导】
此句话应理 解为
“正如名字所显示的那样”
，
立刻可以联系到
show
等词，< br>而原文中的
imply
在以往四级考试中也反复出现。



42.
【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么
?
立刻就想到形象、印象。image
这个词很容易填出。



43.
【
听音指导】
作曲家所用的音乐器具，
自然为
musical instrument
。
然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。



44.
【听音指导】此段讲述的是
descriptive
writing
，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为
Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing
。
particularly
可替换
为
especially
，< br>be mixed with
意为“与??混合”
。也可写为
Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing
，那
么既保留了句子的大意 ，
而且也能规避如
particularly
这样的长难词。
采分点为
descriptive writing
和
critical writing
。



45.
【听音指导】此段讲述的是
processing writing
，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。
shoot a film
，意为
拍电影。采分点为
how to do something
和

technique
。



46.
【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种 写作题材的适用范围。此
空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为
more than one type of technique is used in writing
。



全文精译



在人文学科中，
作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。
这些方法可分为三类信息写 作题材：
事实性的，
描述性的和解说性的。
事实性写作提供了一位作家、
作曲 家或艺术家或者是一种音乐、
文学或艺术的背景信息。
事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面 ，较长的作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。
这种写作题材为人文学科研究提供了 依据。



正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐 、一种艺术和文学树立一种形象。例如，
描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器 作曲家在音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描
述，
在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。
人 文学科中的描写性写作，
特别在文学中，
经常与评论式写作共同使用。



解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，拍电影的 技术。这种
写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信 息写作中，作者
可以运用多种写作技巧。



Part IV Reading Comprehension








Section B


Passage One
28



篇章结构


< br>本文是一篇议论文，
选自
《新闻周刊》
2008
年
11
月刊，
题目为
MICHELLE OBAMA IS A BLACK SKINNED < br>BEAUTY!
。全文共五段。第一段作者介绍作为黑人女性，她更关注米歇尔?奥巴马，因为作 为准第一夫人，米
歇尔代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。第二至四段介绍过去人们对 黑人女性带有成见的看
法，因此米歇尔将代表所有黑人女性来改变世人对她们的看法。最后一段介绍米歇 尔作为第一夫人，美国黑人
对她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性应该学习的品质。



核心词汇



9. candidate n.
候选人，申请求职者



【文中实例】
Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how
they
’
ll change America.
在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何
来改变整个美国。



【实例拓展】
He is running as a candidate for Liberal party
。他作为民主党候选人参选。



【举一反三】同义词
applicant
，
seeker
，
nominee n.
申请者，候选人



10. fascinate v.
使着迷，使极感兴趣



【文中实例】
I
’
m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, < br>?
.
我更期待米歇尔?
奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，??。



【实例拓展】
Her beauty fascinated every boy.
她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。



【举一反三】派生词

fascinated a.
着迷的
;fascinating a.
令人着迷的
;fascination n.
魅力



11. prevailing a.
普遍的，盛行的，流行的



【文中实例】
The prevailing theory seems to be that we
’
re all hot-tempered single mothers who can
’
t keep a man.
时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。



【实例拓展】
a prevailing set of cultural values
一套盛行的文化价值观



【举一反三】派生词
prevail (over) v.
胜过，压倒，占优势



12. stereotype n.
陈规，固定的看法



【文中实例】
Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can
’
t escape the stereotype of being eye- rolling,
oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (
酗酒的
) mothers. 在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的
刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老 妈养大。



【实例拓展】
It
’
s wrong to stereotype people, as if they were all alike.
把人们看作都是一样的，
这是错误的。



【举一反三】派生词
stereotype v.
使模式化

stereotyped a.
固定化的，老一套的



13. commit v.
承诺，使受约束



【文中实例】
Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady,
?在有机
会作为第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，??。



【实例拓展】
He has committed himself to support them.
他答应负担他们的生活。



【举一反三】派生词
committed a.
坚定的，忠诚的
;commitment n.
承诺，诺言



6. feature n.
特写，专题报道



【文中实例】
Because
few
mainstream
publications
have
done
in-depth
features
on
regular
African- American
women,
?
.
因为主流的媒体们都未曾深入地报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，??。



【实例拓展】
a frontpage feature on coal mining
头版上关于采煤的特写



【举一反三】词义扩展
feature n.
特征，容貌
;v.
以??为特征，特写

难句解析



1. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader
familiar with the state government, a major source of the university
’
s budget.


【解析】
when
引导时间状语从句，其后是主句，该主句中的
familiar with the state government
是形容词短
语作定语，修饰
leader;
而句末
a major source of the university
’
s budget
是同位语来说明
the state government
。



【译文】例如，科罗拉 多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政
府是学校的主要资金来 源。



2.
In
2003
，
when
Cambridge
University
appointed
Alison
Richard,
another
former
Yale
provost,
as
its
vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen
“

a major strengthening of
Yale
’
s financial position.
”



【解析】
句首的
when
从句是非限制性定语从句，
补充说明
2003
。
句子的主句是
the university
?
stressed that
?，
其中
th at
引出宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句为
she had overseen a major strengthening
。



【译文】
2003< br>年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森?理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的
29

工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”
。



3. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of
some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.


【解析】本句的主干简单易懂，是
The globalization of education means
?。但其后的宾语从句的结构复杂，
该从句的主干是
more universities will be seeking heads
，
heads
之后的
with international experience of some kind
是
介词短语做定语。句末的
to promote international programs and attract a global student body
是目的状语。



【译文】教育全球化 意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招
收留学生。



试题详解



62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? 62.
文章中讨论的目前高等教育的趋
势是什么
?


A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S. A)
世界范围的高校正在从美国聘请管理人员。



B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. B)
大量政治活动家被聘为管理人员。



C) American universities are enrolling more international students. C)
美国大学扩招留学生
.


D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising D)
大学校长更加注重筹措资金。



【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中
the current trend in higher education
，定位答案在第二段最后两句。



【正确项分析】根据这两句话
Yet the talent flow isn
’
t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one
direction: outward from America.
如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的
流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。选项
A
意思与之相近，故选 择
A
。



【干扰项分析】根据第三段末“筹措资金的能 力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力”
，
D
项表述与原文不符。< br>B
、
C
项文中均未提及。



63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? 62.
在聘请高层
管理人员时，美国大学主要考虑的问题是什么
?


A) The political correctness. A)
政治方向的准确性。



B) Their ability to raise funds. B)
筹措资金的能力。



C) Their fame in academic circles. C)
学术界的声誉。



D) Their administrative experience. D)
管理经验。



【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中
the chief consideration
，定位答案在第三段第三段。



【正确项分析】在第三段
The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and
political activist who is likely to excel at the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising
。
选项
B
中的
raise
funds
表示“筹款”
。答案为
B
选项。



64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage? 64.
从文章中可以了解关于欧洲大学的哪
些信息
?


A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. A)
学费迅速上涨。



B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. B)
学校运转受到政府严格监督。



C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. C)
他们通过全球化强化自己的位置。



D) Most of their revenues come from the government. D)
大部分资金来源于政府。



【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干
European universities
，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。



【正确项分析】根据第四段第一、二句
Many European universities are still mostly dependent on government
funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number
。即很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府
投入。
而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。
因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，
故选择
D
选项。



【干扰项分析】
B
项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学 仍然依靠政府投入，但却没有
提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。
A
、
C项文中均未提及。



65. CambridgeUniversity appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _______? 65.
牛津大学
为什么任命艾莉森?理查德为副校长
?


A) She was known to be good at raising money. A)
她在筹措资金方面有名



B) She could help strengthen its ties with Yale. B)
她可以加强与耶鲁大学的联系



C) She knew how to attract students overseas C)
她知道如何吸引海外学生。



D) she had boosted Yale
’
s academic status. D)
她提升了耶鲁大学的学术地位



【快速解题】
事实细节题。
根据题干中的
Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor
，
答案可定位在第五段第二句。



【正确项分析】根据
the
university
publicly
stressed
that
in
her
previous
job
she
had
overseen
“

a
major
strengthening of Yale
’
s financial position.
”
，学校公开强调 艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”
。
30

由此可知她有很强的筹措资金的能力，故选
A
选项。



66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development? 66.
外国的高层
领导从哪些方面促进了学校的发展
?


A) They can enhance the university
’
s image. A)
他们可以提升学校的形象



B) They will bring with them more international faculty. B)
他们可以带来更多国际化人才



C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. C)
他们将从新的角度审视问题。



D) They can set up new academic disciplines. D)
他们能创立新的学科



【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干
top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development
答案定位在末段末句。



【正确项分析】该句
Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices
，告诉读者外国人能够 给
学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。此意与
C
选项的意思相近，故选
C选项。




Part V Cloze


篇章结构



本次完形填空选自
2009年
1
月
20
日

网站的一则报道，
题目是
Older People
’
s Education
‘
neglect ed
’
(
‘被忽视的’老年教育
)
，选入本文时略有删减。从题材看 ，本次完形填空属于论说文体，主题为
教育。阐述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终身学习的意义。 全文共六段，第一段首先指出学习对于老年
人的重要意义。接着讲述老年人教育面临的种种问题和阻力， 与此同时也指出了对老年人进行教育投入的必要
性。文章最后提出了一个发人深思的问题：应该有更多的 资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建
设性作用。



核心词汇



1. contribute v.
捐助，捐献，贡献



【搭】
contribute for
为??捐助
;contribute to
把??捐给
【拓】
contribution n.
贡献，
捐献
;contributing a.
贡
献的



2. focus n.
集中，聚集



【搭】
focus one
’
s attention
集中注意力
;focus on/upon
强调，使集中于焦点
;focus the camera on
把照相机
的焦点对准??



3. concentrate v.
①专心于，注意②集中，聚集



【搭】
concentrate efforts
集中力量
;concentrate one
’
s mind
专心【拓】
concentration n.
集中，专心



难句解析



4. The current approach which focuses on younger people and on skills for employment is not adequate to meet
the challenges of demographic change.


【解析】该句的主语是
The current approach
，主语 后跟了一个
which
引导的定语从句。
“
is not adequate
”是
谓语，其后为动词不定式作目的状语。



【译文】现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。



5. The challenges include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in retirement, that
there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are over state pension age.


【解析】该句看起来很长但结构并不复杂。是由一个主句
The challenges include the fact
和三个
that
引导的
同位语从句构成的。



【译文】这些挑战包括：多数人生命的三分之一将在退休后度过
;
五十九岁 以上人口数高于十六岁以下人口
数
;
一千一百三十万人达到国家法定领取退休金年龄。



6. People need opportunities to make a
“
midlife review
”

to adjust to the later stages of employed life, and to plan
for the transition to retirement, which may now happen unpredictably at any point from 50 to over 90.


【解析】本句主句成分为“
People
need
opportunit ies
”
，其后是两个动词不定式作目的状语。划线部分是
retirement的定语从句。



【译文】人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以 后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可
以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。



试题详解



67.
【快速解题】本题考查动词词义辨析。



B
【正确项分 析】这四个动词都能够与介词
on
搭配，因此此处应在首段基础上着手分析该句句意。首段提< br>出老年人学习的重要性，而该句“年轻人和技能性训练”指出了该项方法的侧重点。
focus on
“集中，针对”
，
因此确定答案为选项
B
。

31



【干扰项分析】根据句意可以比较容易地排除其他三此个干扰项，
depend on
依靠，依赖
;count on
依靠，指
望
;operate on
对??实施手术。



68.
【快速解题】本题考查形容词词义辨析。



D
【正确项 分析】该空格所要填的词应该与前文内容相呼应，首段指出老年人需要学习，而本句侧重的是
年轻人的职 业技能。这说明该教育方法面临挑战，由此可见它是不充分的，因此确定答案为选项
D
。



【干扰项分析】
superior
高级的，出众的
;essential
基本的
;regular
有规则的，有秩序的。均不符合该句上 下
文的关系，故排除。



【篇章分析】该句句意为“现在的教育 方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。
”
older people
，
younger people
和
demographic change
之间的关系能够帮助考生迅速确定答案。另外从后句的表达
也可以帮助找出该题的 正确答案。



69.
【快速解题】本题为副词词义辨析题。



A
【正确项分析】
only 1%
指出当前对老年人投入的教育资金之有限，
符合题意的选项应为
currently
“通常，
当前”
。因此正确 选项为选项
A
。



【干扰项分析】
barel y
表示“仅仅，刚刚”
;heavily
表示“沉重地”
;anxiousl y
表示“忧虑地，不安地”
，均
可轻易排除。



70.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



C
【正确项分析】该空在本句中作主语成分，其后面的内容均涉及老龄人口和退休人员的现状，结合前文
教育状况，可以判断
challenge
“挑战”最符合该句句意。因此选
C
选项。



【干扰项分析】
regulation
规则， 规章
;obstacle
障碍
;guideline
方针
;
用在本句均显勉强。



【篇章分析】虽然本题属于词义辨析题，但根据前 后文信息复现能够迅速确定答案。如果考生细心的话，
就会发现第二段曾经指出对“人口结构的挑战”< br>，此处列举挑战的种种问题。



71.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



B
【正确项分析】 解答本题除了能够辨析四个名词词义外，还要从句意入手推敲最符合题意的答案。该句
说的是老龄人口的 问题，同时指出他们退休后时间漫长，暗示对他们进行教育投入的必要性。所以正确答案为
选项
B
。



【干扰项分析】
enjoyment
享 受，享乐
;stability
稳定性
;inability
无能，无力;
均不符合题意，故排除。



【篇章分析】本题并非单纯的词义辨析，应该在篇章的基础上把握上下文暗示的信息。



72.
【快速解题】本题是介词词义辨析题。



A
【正确项分析】从
state pension age
“领退休金的年龄”
，和前文指出的老龄人口之众，可以判断
over state
pension age
“达到国家法定领取退休金年龄”
。故正确选项为选项
A
。



【能力拓展】
age
不仅仅指年龄，
还有很多其他搭配 ，
表示
“时期
“，
如
the Stone Age
石器时代
;the computer
age
电脑时代。



73.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



B
【正确项分析】前文一直在说老年人教育问题，同时强调对这些人进行教育投入的 必要性。该句作为第
四段主题句，承接上文指出“学习应贯穿人的一生“。所以正确选项为
B< br>。



【干扰项分析】
practice
练习，训 练
;instruct
教导，命令
;identify
识别，鉴别。均可根据 上下文排除。



74.
【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。



D
【正确项分析】 该句主语为
concentration
“集中，专注”
，其后常跟介词
on
，构成
concentration on
“集中
于??”
。因此答案为选项
D
。



【能力拓展】英语中蕴含着丰富的词语搭配，考生在备考过程中有意识地对这些固定搭配进行 识记，考试
时便可从容应对。
例如：
live on/by
靠??生活，
以??为食
; lie in
在于
;appeal to
呼吁，
要求
;aim at
瞄准，
针对。



75.
【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。



C
【正确项分析】
该句要求考生选择动词
meet
的固定搭配，
从其句意可以判断出是
“满足要求”
之意，
meet
the needs/requirements是常用的表达。因此正确选项为选项
C
。



【干扰 项分析】
realm
领域
;intention
意图，目的
;des ire
期望，欲望。均可排除。



【能力拓展】
英语中有些动词常跟固定搭配的名词构成词组，
如
pay attention to
注意
;bring access to
接近
;lay
emphasis on
强调。考生应在备考中注意积累。



76.
【快速解题】本题为词汇辨析题。



D
【正确项分析】
该句句意为
“大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。
”
port ion
意为
“一部分”
，
故正确选项为选项
D
。



【干扰项分析】
measure
度量标准
;ratio
比率
;area
区域
;
均不符合题意

77.
【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。

32


< br>A
【正确项分析】该句为主从复合句，主句“处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会”，从句作为一
个时间状语指出当前的背景：人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断 更新。因此应该选择选
项
A
。



【干扰项分析 】
whether
引导让步状语从句，可迅速排除
;until
和
b efore
虽引导时间状语从句，但其表达的
时间概念不符合本句句意。



【篇章分析】该题所要填的是一个表示时间关系的连词，所以要从句意上着手分析。



78.
【快速解题】本题考查词义辨析。



C
【正确项分析】通过对本句句式结构的分析可以看出，该空缺处应添一个与
jobs
，
partners
和
lifestyles
相
并列的词汇，所以正确选项为选项
C
。



【干扰项分析 】
mind
思想
;mood
心情
;neighbour
邻居 。比较起来，
home
更加贴近文中的事实，
“人们工作
和居住地不断变化”
。



79.
【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。



B
【正确项分析】 四个选项都有“之前”的意思，所以很难通过词义辨析选出正确答案。但与比较词
than
搭配 时，应固定地使用
ever
，表示“比以前任何时候都??”
，因此正确选项为选项< br>B
。



【干扰项分析】
formerly
“从前，以前”
，一般常用
former
，较少使用
formerly;p reviously
“先前，以前”
;ago
常与某一过去时间段搭配。



80.
【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。



A
【正确项分析】
本句是在前文基础上的一个例证，
是为了更好地 支撑前面的观点的。
所以正确选项为
A
。



【干扰项分析】
by contrast
与??相对比
;on average
一般地
;in particular
尤其，特别。均与上下文逻辑关系
不符，故排除。



81.
【快速解题】本题是词义辨析题。



C
【正确项分析】本题不属于固定搭配的考查，因为四个选项都能与
to
构成搭配。 此处说持续学习的重要
性，
中年阶段的学习会让人们更好地适应以后的生活。
adju st
“调整，
调节，
使适应”
，
因此正确选项为选项
C。



【干扰项分析】
transform
转换
;suit
适应
;yield
屈服。均不符合题意。



82.
【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。



D
【正确项分析】
该题非常简单，
属于对常见短语搭配的考查。
与
transition
搭配的介词为
to
，
表示
“向??
过渡“。所以正确选项为选项< br>D
。



83.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



B
【正确项分析】
at
any
point
表明上述事情 发生的不确定性，
unpredictably
“不可预知地”
。因此正确选项
为选项
B
。



【干扰项分析】
indire ctly
间接地
;unfairly
不公平地
;instantly
立即地。可排除。



84.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



C
【正确项分析】 本句句意“有足够支配的钱支撑??。
”
available
“可用的”
，因 此正确选项为选项
C
。



【干扰项分析】
fe asible
可行的
;reliable
可靠的，可信赖的
;conside rable
值得考虑的，相当可观的。故排除。



85.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



A
【正确项分析】
此处表达的意思为
“塑造个性感觉”
。
sense
“感觉，
感知”
，
因此确定正确选项为选项
A
。


【干扰项分析】
project
计划，工程
;definition
定义
;conscience
良心，道德心。



【篇章分析 】本题干扰项具有很大的迷惑性，很容易导致误选。这就要求考生平时对相关的近义词进行辨
析，分清他 们的侧重点，同时还要从语篇的角度分析空缺处的意义。



86.
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。



D
【正确项分析】 此处为“发挥建设性作用”
。因此正确选项为选项
D
。



【干扰项分析】
ideal
理想
;asset
资产，有用的东西
;rank
等级。故可排除。



全文精译



今天发表的一项新的人口研究报告表明：老年人要想 不成为社会的负担，继续发挥余热，就必须有更多学
习机会。



该报告声称：现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。占人口总数三
分之一的老年人只占有百分之一的教育预算。



这些挑战包括：多数人三 分之一的生命将在退休后度过
;
五十九岁以上人数高于十六岁以下人数
;
一千 一百
三十万人达到了国家法定领取退休金年龄。



报告的作者史 蒂芬?迈克威尔教授说：
“学习应该贯穿人生的整个过程，我们以前的政策重心和资源配置更
多 偏重于年轻人，难以适应新的需求。



绝大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁 以下的年轻人身上。当今社会，由于人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活
33

伴侣和 生活方式也不断更新，
处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会。
”
例如，
该报告指出有些人到了五
十多岁又重新开始创业。



人们需要 一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在
五十岁到 九十多岁的漫长时间内。
应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在
“第三年龄段”
发 挥建设性作用。




87. had followed my instructions/orders


【结构分析】本句的主语是
You
。谓语动词是
would not have failed
。
if you had followed my instructions
是
if
引导的条件状语从句。



【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。①
if
从句的虚拟语气考查， 根据语法规定，如果主句中出现
would
+have
的形式，从句中应该采用had+
过去分词的结构。②“按照??的指令”可表达为
follow
my
instructions/orders
。③根据主句的
would not have failed
结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是
had+done
结构，所以答案为
you had followed my instructions/orders
。



【原句精译】如果你按照我的指令去做，就不会失败了。



88. gave up pursuing knowledge


【结构分析】本句的主语是
Mark
。谓语是
gave up pursuing knowledge
。
despite the hardship he encountered
是
despite
引导的状语从句。



【要点解析】本题考查动词
give
的搭配。①“放弃”可译为
give up
。②
encounter the hardship
也是非常重
要的固 定搭配，意为“遇到困难”
。需要填写的部分应该采用过去时。③“对知识的追求”可译为
pu rsuing
knowledge.


【原句精译】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。



【能力拓展】
动词
give
的常见搭配。
①
give up
放弃，
交出例：
When you graduate, will you give up your study?
你毕业后会不会放弃学习
?
②
give oneself up to
献身于，
沉溺于，
热衷于例：
The boy gives himself up to electronic
games.
这个男孩沉溺于电子游戏。③
give away
泄露，出卖例：
He gave my secret away.
他泄露了我的秘密。④
give in
屈服，让步例：
You must give in your examination papers now.
你们现在必须把试卷交上来。



89. before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer


【结构分析】
本句的主语是
Scientists
，
谓语 是
agree
，
that it will be a long time
是
that
引导的宾语从句，
before
we find the methods of curing cancers
是
before
引导的时间状语从句。



【要点解析】
“治愈”可译为
cure
，而不应译为
treat，
treat
是“治疗”的意思。
cure
有疗法的意思，所以治
愈癌症的方法还可以译为
cure for cancer
。根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时



【原句精译】科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找到治愈癌症的方法。



【能力拓展】
before
引导的状语从句。
①句型
A< br>：
it+be+
一段时间
+before
?：
意思是
“要过很久才会??”
。
例：
The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again.
实
地考察要 花约翰和迈克五个月的时间
;
他们过很久才会再见面。②句型
B
：
i t
was
some
time
before
?：意思是
“在??之前过了一段时间”
。
例：
He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and
return to work.
他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。



90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers
或
keep up with the constantly growing needs
of consumers


【结构分析】本句的主语是
Production
，谓语是
has to be increased
，后面的
to keep pace with the constantly
increasing demands of consumers
是目的状语。



【要点解析】①固定搭配“与??保持同步”
，可以翻译为
keep pace with
或
keep up with
。②“不断增长
的”
，可以 翻译为
increasing
，
growing
或
rising。③“需求”可翻译为
demands
或
needs
。④“消费者”翻译 为
consumer
。



【原句精译】只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。



【能力拓展】
①
keep pace with
和??并驾齐驱，
跟上例：
We must work hard to keep pace with the development
of modern technology.
我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。
②
keep up with
赶得上，
和??保持联系例：
Students must work hard to keep up with their school work.
学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。



91. the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold


【结构分析】
本句的前半部分是从句，
后半部分是主句。
主句的主语是
You
。
谓语是
will have
。
【要点解析】
本题主要考查

the more
，
the less
的用法。其用法与
the more
，
the more
一致，可翻译为“越??越??”
。①固
定搭配“可能做某事”
，可翻译为
be likely to do sth;
②固定搭配“感冒”
，可翻译为
catch a cold
。



【原句精译】锻炼越多，你越不大可能感冒。

【能力拓展】
“越??越?? ”句型：这种句型表达为：
the+
比较级
+
句子，
the+
比较级
+
句子。若
the more
修饰名词，
则名词要提前，
直接置于
the more
后，
如试题中句子：
The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you
34

will have of catching a cold

注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。


2009
年
6
月英语四级考试真题与答案

真题：

Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30minute
to
write
a
short
essay
on
the
topic
of
students
selecting
their
lectures.
You
should
write
at
least
120
words
following
the
outline
given
bellow:
1.
2.
3.
越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？

也会带来一些问题

你的看法？

Free admission to museums



Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions:
In
this
part,
you
will
have
15
minutes
to
go
over
the
passage
quickly
and
answer
the
questions

on
Answer
Sheet
1.

For
questions
1-7,
choose
the
best
answer
from
the
four
choices
marked
A),B),C)
and
D).
For
questions
8-10,
complete
the
sentences
with
the
information given in the passage.
How Do You See Diversity?

As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her
company .During one interview,she noticed that the candidate never made direct
eye

was
puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.

He
had
a
perfect
resume
and
gave
good
responses
to
her
questions,
but
the
fact
that
he
never
looked her in the eye said
―
untrustworthy,
‖
so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.

―
It wasn
‘
t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the
perfect
person
,‖

Tiffany
confesses.
What
she
hadn
‘
t
known
at
the
time
of
the
interview
was
that
the
candidate
‘
s
―
different
‖
behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding .
He was an Asian- American
raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(
避开
) your eyes.
―
I
was
just
thrown
off
by
the
lack
of
ye
contact;
not
realizing
it
was
cultural,
‖

Tiffany
says.
―
I
missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.
‖


Many
of us have had similar encounters with
behaviors we perceive
as different.
As the world
becomes
smaller
and
our
workplaces
more
diverse,
it
is
becoming
essential
to
expand
our
under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate
invalid
biases(
偏爱
)
from
the
process
have
a
distinct
advantage .My
company,
Mindsets
LLC
,helps
35

organizations
and
individuals
see
their
own
blind
spots
.
A
real
estate
recruiter
we
worked
with
illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
―
During
my
Mindsets
coaching
session
,I
was
taught
how
to
recruit
a
diversified
workforce.
I
recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential
and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because
we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others
in the same profession.
‖

Blinded by Gender
Dale
is
an
account
executive
who
attended
one
of
my
workshops
on
supervising
a
diverse
workforce .
―
Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,
‖
he recalls .
―
I learned I had
not
been
looking
at
a
person
as
a
whole
person
,
and
being
open
to
differences .
‖

In
his
case
,
the
blindness was not about culture but rather gender .
―
I
had
a
management
position
open
in
my
department
;and
the
two
finalists
were
a
man
and
a
woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best
candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been
that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed
the woman would
have wanted to
be home with
her children and not
travel .
‖
Dale
‘
s assumptions
are
another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization
‘
s ability to tap
into the full potential of a diverse workforce .
―
I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to
present
the
full
range
of
duties,
responsibilities
and
expectations
to
all
candidates
and
allow
them
to
make an informed decision .
‖
Dale credits the workshop ,
―
because it helped me make decisions based
on fairness .
‖

Year of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned
from his own employee.
―
One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a
request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates
wrong , as the first ofJanuary had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to
about turning in requests early with the proper dates .
―
He patiently waited , then when
I was done , he said
he would like Chinese New Year did
not
begin
January
first
,
and
that
Chinese
New
Year
,which
is
tied to
the
lunar
cycle
,is
one
of
the
most
celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he
had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays
varies considerably from culture to culture .
―
Attending
the
diversity
workshop
helped
me
realize
how
much
I
could
learn
by
simply
asking
questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a
know-it-all ,
‖
Doug admits .
―
The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be
more
?
inclusive
‘
to differences.
‖

A better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These
comments
from
a
customer
service
representative
show
how
an
inclusive
attitude
can
improve
sales .
‖
Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company
has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn
‘
t until my
boss
received
Mindsets
‘

training
that
she
was
able
to
understand
how
important
inclusiveness
was
to
customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .
‖




Once we start
to
see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively
36

toward
inclusiveness
for
everyone .
Diversity
is
about
coming
together
and
taking
advantage
of
our
differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as
individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our
past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are

flawed
(
有缺陷的
)
or
contrary
to
our
fundamental
values
.
We
need
to
train
our-selves
to
think
differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities
in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .
1.

What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?
A)

He just wouldn
‘
t look her in the eye.
B)

He was slow in answering her questions.
C)

His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
D)

His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .
2. Tiffany
‘
s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from.








A) Racial stereotypes.









C) Racial stereotypes.








B) Invalid personal bias


.




D) Emphasis on physical appearance




3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?








A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.








B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.

C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.








D) Expanding domestic and international markets.





4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?








A) A real estate agency.









C) A cultural exchange organization.





B) A personnel training company.

D) A hi-tech company





5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that







.





A) He had hired the wrong person.








B) He could have done more for his company.








C) He had not managed his workforce well.








D) He must get rid of his gender bias.





6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC
‘
s workshop?








A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.








B) It tapped into the executives
‘
full potential.








C) It helped him make fair decisions.








D) It met participants
‘
diverse needs.





7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee
‘
s request for leave?
A)

He told him to get the dates right.


C)He flatly turned it down
B)

He demanded an explanation.





D)He readily approved it.
37






8. Doug feltwhen he realized that his assumption was wrong.





9. After attending Mindsets
‘workshops,
the participants came to know the importance ofto their
business.





10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and
benefit from thebetween us.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Section B
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this

passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished

each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A),
B),
C)
and
D).You
should
decide
on
the
best
choice
and
mark
the
corresponding
letteron
Answer
Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.





The
January
fashion
show,
called
FutureFashion
,
exemplified
how
far
green
design
has
come.
Organized
by
the
New
York-based
nonprofit
Earth
Pledge,
the
show
inspired
many
top
designers
to
work
with
sustainable
fabrics
for
the
first
time.
Several
have
since
made
pledges
to
include
organic
fabrics in their lines.






The
designers
who
undertake
green
fashion
still
face
many
challenges.
Scott
Hahn,
cofounder
with
Gregory
of
Rogan
and
Loomstate,
which
uses
all-organic
cotton,
says
high-quality
sustainable
materials
can
still
be
tough
to
fine .
―
Most
designers
with
existing
labels
are
finding
there
aren
‘
t
comparable fabrics that can just replace what you
‘
re doing and shat your customers are used
to,‖
he says.
For
example,
organic cotton and non-organic cotton
are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a
dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.






Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade
show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green
entrepreneurs
(
企业家
)
who
attend
its
two
springtime
shows
in
Los
Angeles
and
New
York
and
gave
special
recognition
to
designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers,
up from fewer than a dozen two years
ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative
aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy
transitional
(
过渡型的
) cotton at higher prices ,
thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material .
―
Mainstream is about to
occur,‖
says
Hahn.





Some

analysts
(
分析师
)
are
less
sure
.
Among
consumers,
only
18%are
even
aware
that
ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the
unconverted
consumer,
when
asked
if
she
owned
any
sustainable
clothes,
she
replied:
―
Not
that
I
‘
m
aware
of.‖
Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she
‘
s on the hunt for
―
cute stuff that isn
‘
t too
expensive.‖
By her own admission, green just isn
‘
t yet on her mind. But
–
thanks
to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers
–
one day it will be.


38

57. What is said about FutureFashion?
A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.
B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.
C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.
D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.
58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that.




A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .




B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .




C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .




D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .
59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion.




A) can attend various trade shows free .




B) are readily recognized by the fashion world





C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .




D) are gaining more and more support .
60. What is Natalie Hormilla
‘
s attitude toward ecofashion?
A) She doesn
‘
t seem to care about it.


C) She is doubtful of its practical value.
B) She doesn
‘
t think it is sustainable



D) She is very much opposed to the idea
61. What does the author think of green fashion?




A) Green products will soon go mainstream.




B) It has a very promising future.




C) Consumers have the final say.




D) It will appeal more to young people.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(
缕
) of
hair
,
a
technique
that
could
help
track
the
movements
of
criminal
suspects
or
unidentified
murder
victims .

The method
relies on measuring how chemical
variations in
drinking water show up in
people
‘
s
hair.

―
You
‘re what you eat and drink, and that‘
s recorded in you hair,
‖
said Thure Cerling, a geologist at
the University of Utah.

While
U.S
diet
is
relatively
identical,
water
supplies
vary.
The
differences
result
from
weather
patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present
as heavier
isotopes
(
同位素
) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific
deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout
the U.S.
By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and
39

oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair
corresponds to about two months.

Cerling
‘
s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional
differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber
shops.
They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the
movement of raid systems.
―
It
‘
s
not
good
for
pinpointing
(
精确定位
),
‖

Cerling
said
.
―
It
‘
s
good
for
eliminating
many
possibilities.‖

Kimiy
Todd
Park,
a
local
detective,
said
the
method
has
helped
him
learn
more
about
an
unidentified
woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.
When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing
showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.
She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between
eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
―
It
‘
s still a substantial
area,‖
Park said
―
But it narrows it way down for
me.‖

62. What is the scientists
‘
new discovery?
A) One
‘
s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.
B) A person
‘
s hair may reveal where they have lived.
C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.

D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.

63. What does the author mean by
―
You
‘
re what you eat and drink
‖ (
Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink
affect one
‘
s personality development.
B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.
C) Food and drink leave traces in one
‘
s body tissues.

D) Food and drink are indispensable to one
‘
s existence.

64. What is said about the rainfall in America
‘
s West?
A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.
B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.

D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
65. What did Cerling
‘
s team produce in their research?
A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.
B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.

C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.

D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.
66. What is the practical value of Cerling
‘
s research?
40

A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.

B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.

C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.
D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.




Part VI Translation (5 minutes)



Directions:
Complete the sentences
by translating into English the Chinese given in

write your translation on
Answer Sheet 2.
87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had(
很难跟上班里的同学
)in math
and English.
88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary(
就不会被大雨淋湿了
).
89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are(
更有可能增加体重
).
90.(
很多人所没有意识到的
) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.
study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is(
与缺乏锻炼密切相关
)






参考答案

Part I Writing
Free Admission to Museums
（满分版）

Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The
hidden
reason
behind
this
is
not
hard
to
analyze
as
there‘s
a
growing
awareness
for
the
authorities
regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in
our society. Only with
free access
to
this live ?database‘, can most people fully
enjoy what
museums
could offer to them.
However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious
problem
is
that
it
might
give
museums
a
very
heavy
economic
burden
which
directly
impedes
the
sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways
to
collect
funds
from
different
channels,
which
might
be
difficult
to
operate
or
control.
On
the
other
hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well- purposed and do some
41

conscious
or
unconscious
damage
to
the
valuable
treasures
which
used
to
be
well-preserved
in
the
museums.

As a university student,
I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet
it is proposed that some
measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make
some regulations to
guide the behavior of visitors or set
some ?closed‘ days for museums
for regu
lar
maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long- lasting phenomenon and
have sustainable development.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
阅读答案



1. A. He just wouldn
‘
t look her in the dye
。



2. C cultural ignorance


3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures
。



4.B A personnel training company
。



5. D he must get rid of his gender bias


6.C It helped him make fair decisions
。



7.A He told him to get the dates right
。



8. embarrassed


9. inclusiveness


10. differences and similarities





47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous 51.H mission 52. D enhance53. B
daily 54.J performance 55. K profession 56 A daily


57
A
it
inspired
many
leading
designers
to
start
going
gree


58
D
quality
organic
replacements for synthetics are not readily available



59 D are gaining more and more support


60 A she doesn't seem to care about it


61 B it has a very promising future


62 B a person's hair may reveal where they have lived
。



63 C food and drink leave traces in one's body tissues


64 B the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland
。



65 D a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system
。



66 C it helps the police narrow down possibililities in detective work
。



完型：

67. D. budget




68. A. mostly







69. B. besides

70. D. trend









71.D. particularly


72. A. while





73. D. shaking






74. B. if











42

75.
D.
larger








76.D.
in
view
of

77.
A.
unique




78.
A.
over







79.
D.
decay







80. A. proceeded


81.B. widening82. B. massive



83. C. vehicles





84. A. or






85. B.
predict







86.B. likely
翻译



87. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates


88. wouldn
‘
t have been caught by the rain


89. more likely to put on weight


90. What many people don
‘
t realize


91. closely relative to the lack of exercise

注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。

2008
年
12
月大学英语四级考试真题

Part I











Writing













（
30 minutes
）

Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
short essay entitled
Limiting the Use of Disposable
Plastic Bag
.
You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.
一次性塑料袋的使用

2.
使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题

3.
限制一次性塑料袋的意义

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag
_______________________ __________________________________________________ ___________
___________________________________ _________________________________________________< br>_______________________________________________ _________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)


(15 minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer
Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D].
For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

That’s enough, kids

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young
boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.
“
I‘d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‘d shoved,‖ she says.‖ I went over
to
them,
picked
up
my
son,
turned
to
the
boy
and
said,
firmly,
‘No,
we
don‘t
push,‖
What
happened
next
was
unexpected.
“
The
boy‘s
mother
ran
toward
me
from
across
the
park,‖
Stella
says,‖
I
thought
she
was
coming
over
to
apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was
unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?‖

Getting
your
own
children
to
play
nice
is
difficult
enough.
Dealing
w
ith
other
people‘s
children
has
become
a
minefield.
In
my
house,
jumping
on
the
sofa
is
not
allowed.
In
my
sister‘s
house
it‘s
encouraged.
For
her,
it‘s
about
kids
being kids: ―If you can‘t do it at three, when can you do it?‖

Each of these philosophies is
valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt‘s house. But I find myself
saying ―no‖ a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‘s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when
you‘re talking to the children of friends or acquainta
nces.
“
Kids aren‘t all raised the same,‖ agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.‖ But there is still an idea
that they‘re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‘re saying that my
child is behaving
inappropriately, then that‘s somehow a criticism of me.‖

In those circumstances, it‘s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are
two schools of thought.
“
I
’
d go to the child first,
”

says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that
’
we don
‘
t
43

do that here
‘
is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (
直觉
) for how to behave in different settings.
”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of
course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.
This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they‘re
there and ask them to deal with it,‖ she says.




Asked
how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: ―Explain your needs as
well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‘I know you‘ll think I‘m
silly but in my house I don
’
t w
ant…‘‖

When it comes to situations where you‘re caring for another child, white is straightforward: ―common sense must
prevail. If things don‘t go well, then have a chat.‖

There‘re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adu
lt, is no longer appropriate.
―A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.‖

For Andrew Fuller, the child-
centric nature of our society has affected everyone:‖ The rules are different now from
when to
day‘s parents were growing up,‖ he says, ―Adults are scared of saying: ‘don‘t swear‘, or asking a child to stand
up on a bus. They‘re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out –
either from older children, or
their parents.‖

He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (
礼貌
), and says that adults suffer
form it as much as child.
Meredith Fuller agrees: ―A code of conduct is hard to create when you‘re living in a world in which everyone is
exhausted from
overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.‖

“
I
t‘s about what I‘m doing and what I need,‖ Andrew Fuller says. ‖the days when a kid came home from school
and said, ―I got into trouble‖. And dad said, ?you probably deserved it‘. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to
the school to have a go at teachers.‖

This jumping to our children
‘
s defense is part of what fuels the
“
walking on eggshells
”

feeling that surrounds our
dealings with other people
‘
s children. You know that if you remonstrate(
劝诫
) with the child, you
’
re going to have to
deal with the parent. It
‘
s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?
“
Children
have
to
learn
to
negotiate
the
world
on
their
own,
within
reasonable
boundaries,‖
White
says.
―I
suspect that it‘s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school
–
better
–
educated parents are
probably more likely to be too involved.‖

White
believes
our
notions
of
a
more
child-centered,
it
‘

a
way
of
talking
about
treating
our
children
like
commodities(
商品
). We
‘
re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose
appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best in
terests of the children.‖

One
way
over-worked,
under-resourced
parents
show
commitment
to
their
children
is
to
leap
to
their
defence.
Back at the park, Bianchi
‘
intervention(
干预
) on her son
‘
behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words
with the other boy
‘
mother.
As Bianchi approached the park bench where she‘d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her
on taking a stand. ―Apparently the boy had a longstanding
reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse
behaviour if he was challenged.
”

Andrew
Fuller
doesn‘t
believe
that
we
should
be
afraid
of
dealing
with
other
people‘s
kids.
―look
at
kids
that
aren‘t
your
own
as
a
potential
minefield,‖
he
says.
He
recommends
that
we
don‘t
stay
silent
over
inappropriate
behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.
1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy‘s mother to do when she talked to him?

A) make an apology
B) come over to intervene
C) discipline her own boy
D) take her own boy away
2. What does the author say about dealing with other people‘s children?

A) it‘s important not to hurt them in any way

B) it‘s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing

C) it‘s advisable to treat them as one‘s own kids

D) it‘s pos
sible for one to get into lots of trouble
3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one‘s kids are criticized, their parents will probably
feel___________________________
A) discouraged
B) hurt
C) puzzled
D) overwhelmed
44

4. What shoul
d one do when seeing other people‘s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?

A) talk to them directly in a mild way
B) complain to their parents politely
C) simply leave them alone
D) punish them lightly
5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________
A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them
B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public
C) people are reluctant to point our kids‘ wrongdoings

D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids
6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________
A) it‘s easy for people to become impatient

B) it‘s difficult to create a code of conduct

C) it‘s important to be friendly to everybody

D) it‘s hard for people to ad
mire each other
7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?
A) they‘d question the teachers

B) they‘d charge up to the school

C) they‘d tell the kids to clam down

D) They‘d put the blame on their kids

8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________
9. According to professor white, today‘s parents treat their children as something they
___________________
10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________
Part III


Listening Comprehension







(35 minutes)
Section A

Directions:

In
this
section,
you
will
hear
8
short
conversations
and
2
long
conversations.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked
[A],[B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
a single line through the centre.
11. A)Only true friendship can last long.
B)Letter writing is going out of style.
C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.
D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
12. A) A painter.






C) A porter.



B) A mechanic.




D) A carpenter.
13. A) Look for a place near her office.



C) Make inquiries elsewhere.



B) Find a new job down the street.




D) Rent the $$600 apartment.
14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.
B) He has been extremely busy recently.
C) He has gained some weight lately.
D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.
15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.
B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.
C) He isn‘t good at abstract thinking.

D) He doesn‘t like abstract paintings.

16. A) She couldn‘t have left her notebook in the library.

B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.
C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.
D) she shouldn‘t have read his notes without his knowing it.

17. A)she wants to get some sleep




C) she has a literature class to attend




B) she needs time to write a paper

D)she is troubled by her sleep problem
18. A)He is confident he will get the job.
B)His chance of getting the job is slim.
C)It isn‘t easy to find a qualified sales manager.

D)The interview didn‘t go as well as he expected.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
45

19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.
B)He can renew contact with his old friends.
C)He can concentrate on his own projects.
D)He can learn to do administrative work.
20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.

B)Calling its personnel department.
C)Contacting its manager.
D)Searching its website.
21. A)To cut down its production expenses.
B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.
C)To improve its administrative efficiency.
D)To utilize its retired employees‘ resources.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A)Buy a tractor.
B)Fix a house.
C)See a piece of property.
D)Sing a business contract.
23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.
B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.
C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.
D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.
24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.
B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.
C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.
D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.
25. A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)Profits
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both
the
passage
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best
answer from the four choices marked [A],[B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26 A) To introduce the chief of the city‘s police force



B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest


C)To address the issue of community security


D)To explain the functions of the city council
27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management


B)He is head of the International Police Force


C)He completed his higher education abroad


D)He holds a master‘s degree in criminology

28 A)To coordinate work among police departments


B)To get police officers closer to the local people


C)To help the residents in times of emergency


D)To enable the police to take prompt action
29 A)Popular


B)discouraging



C)effective


D)controversial
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate


B)there are numerous languages in existence



C)Most public languages are inherently vague


D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages
31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence


B)in improves with constant practice


C)it is something we are born with
46



D)it varies from person to person
32 A)how private languages are developed



B)how different languages are related


C)how people create their languages


D)how children learn to use language
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33 A)she was a tailor



B)she was an engineer


C)she was an educator D)she was a public speaker
34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.
B) Including interesting examples in them
C) Adjusting them to different audiences
D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science
35.A) Whether spacemen carry weapons
B) How spacesuits protect spacemen
C) How NASA trains its spacemen
D) What spacemen cat and drink
Section C
Directions:
In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should
listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks
numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required
to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write
down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what
you have written.
Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few
decades.
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new
(37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such
as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.
What
is
driving
this
crime
(42)____?There
are
no
simple
answers.
Still
，
there
are
certain
conditions(43)
_______with
rising
crime
increasing

heterogeneity
(
混杂
)
of
populations,
greater
cultural
pluralism,
higher
immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated
and homogeneous(
同种类的
) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity
in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________

Section B

Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.
For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are
more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you
make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a
woman.
There
are
many
reasons
for
this-typically,
men
take
more
risks
than
woman
and
are
more
likely
to
drink
and
smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don‘
t go to the doctor.
“
Men
aren‘t
seeing
doctors
as
often
as
they
should,
‖
says
Dr.
Gullotta,
―This
is
particularly
so
for
the
over-
40s,when diseases tend to strike.‖

Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a
year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-
old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‘s cough for a
year.
47

“
When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer‖ he says, ―Earlier d
etection
and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life‖

According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to
70% of men in the same age group.
“
A lot of men think they are invincible
（不可战胜的）
”
Gullotta says
“
They only come in when a friend drops
dead on the golf course and they think
”

Geez, if it could happen to him.
Then there is the ostrich approach,‖ some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ‖

says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“
Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,‖ Cartmill says .He believes most
diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would inevita
bly place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.‖ But prevention is
cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature
death.‖

does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C. They have lived long enough to read this article.
D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.
does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
A. men drink and smoke much more than women
B. men don‘t seek medical care as often as women

C. men aren‘t as cautions as women in face of dange
r
D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases
59. Which of the following best completes the sentence ―Geez, if it could happen to him…‘(line2,para,8)?

A. it could happen to me, too
B. I should avoid playing golf
C. I should consider myself lucky
D. it would be a big misfortune
60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by ―the ostrich approach‖(line q para.9)

A. a casual attitude towards one‘s health conditions

B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems
C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D. unwillingness to find out about one‘s disease because of fear

61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
may increase public expenses
will save money in the long run
may cause psychological strains on men
will enable men to live as long as women
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
High- quality
customer
service
is
preached(
宣扬
)
by
many
,but
actually
keeping
customers
happy
is
easier
said
than done
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives,
co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t
frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school
“
Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,‖ said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.‖ the
store loses the customer, b
ut the shopper must also find a replacement.‖

On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store
for
every
dissatisfied
customer,
a
store
will
lose
up
to
three
more
due
to
negative
reviews.
The
resulting
―snowball
effect‖ can be disastrous to retailers.

According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and
third were grocery and electronics customers.
The
most
common
complaints
include
filled
parking
lots,
cluttered
(
塞满了的
)
shelves,
overloaded
racks,
out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting
（业余兼职的）
local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This
48