孔道-miss什么意思
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)
-GRADE FOUR-
PART III
CLOZE
[15 MIN]
Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and (31) _____ a different response from every man who hears these words.
Some feel (32) _____ when they receive the news, (33) _____ others worry
, wondering whether they will be good fathers. (34)
_____
there
are
some
men who
like
children
and
may
have
had (35)
experience with
them,
others
do
not
particularly
(36)
_____ children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children
for some time. (37) _____ other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have (38) _____ willingly or
unwillingly.
Whatever the (39) _____ to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to (40) _____ of a father is a
difficult task. (41) _____, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to (42) _____ fathers in this resocialization (43) _____.
Although numerous books have been written about mothers, (44) _____ recently has literature focused on the (45) _____ of a
father.
It is argued that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not (46) _____ as great as the transition the w
ife must (47)
_____ to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete (48) _____ in daily routine. (49) _____, the father's
role is less demanding and (50) _____.
31. A. bring down
B. bring forth
C. bring off
D. bring in
32. A. emotional
B. sentimental
C. bewildered
D. proud
33. A. while
B. when
C. if
D. as
34. A. When
B. If
C. Although
D. Y
et
35. A. considerate B. considerable
C. considering
D. considered
36. A. care about
B. care of
C. care with
D. care for
37. A. For
B. Of
C. From
D. Upon
38. A. received
B. taken
C. accepted
D. obtained
39. A. reply
B. reaction
C. readiness
D. reality
40. A. what
B. this
C. one
D. that
41 .A. As a result B. For example
C. Y
et
D. Also
42. A. educate
B. cultivate
C. inform
D. convert
43. A. step
B. process
C. point
D. time
44. A./
B. just
C. quite
D. only
45. A. role
B. work
C. career
D. position
46. A. a little
B. just
C. nearly
D. almost
47. A. take
B. make
C. carry
D. accept
48. A. transformation
B. realization
C. socialization
D. reception
49. A. In addition
B. Above all
C. Generally
D. However
50. A. current
B. immediate
C. present
D. quick
PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
[15 MIN]
51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _____ he was fifteen years ago.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?
A. Beg your pardon.
B. Have a good time.
C. Never do that again!
D. What noise you are making!
53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?
A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.
B. For all its effort, the team didn't win the match.
C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.
D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.
54. When you have finished with the book, don't forget to return it to Tim, _____?
A. do you
B. will you
C. don't you
D. won't you
55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used _____.
A. as a command
B. as a condition
C. for concession
D. for emphasis
56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?
A. The city is now ten times its original size.
B. I wish I had two times his strength.
C. The seller asked for double the usual price.
D. They come here four times every year.
57. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.
A. as
B. nor
C. but
D. like
58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?
A. What do you think has happened to her?
B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?
C. How much do you think he earns every month?
D. How quickly would you say he would come?
59. The additional work will take _____ weeks.
A. the other
B. another two
C. other two
D. the more
60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (
主语从句
)?
A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.
B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.
C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.
D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.
61. It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now.
A. left
B. leave
C. are leaving
D. will leave
62. In the sentence
A. the object
B. the verb
C. the subject
D. the prepositional phrase
63. There is no doubt _____ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.
A. whether
B. that
C. why
D. when
64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is _____.
A. I'll get some drinks. What'll you have?
B. Does she need to book a ticket now?
C. May I know your name?
D. Can you return the book next week?
65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (
主谓关系
)?
A. Mr. Smith's passport has been issued.
B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news.
C. John's travel details have not been finalized.
D. The new bookstore sells children's stories.
66. Our office has recently _____ to a new computer system.
A. altered
B. converted
C. transformed
D. modified
67. The crowd went _____ as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.
A. wild
B. emotional
C. uncontrolled
D. unrestricted
68. Our school library is _____ closed for repairs.
A. Shortly
B. quickly
C. temporarily
D. rapidly
69. John is up to his eves in work at the moment. The underlined part means _____.
A. very excited
B. very busy
C. very tired
D. very efficient
70. V
ictoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means _____.
A. risk
B. opportunity
C. possibility
D. luck
71.
A. ambiguous
B. hidden
C. indirect
D. indistinct
72. House repairs, holidays, school fees and other _____ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.
A. amount
B. payment
C. expenses
D. figures
73. It was really _____ of you to remember my birthday.
A. grateful
B. thoughtful
C. considerable
D. generous
74. Y
ou can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday _____.
A. introduction
B. advertisement
C. book
D. brochure
75. The city government is building more roads to _____.
A. accommodate
B. receive
C. accept
D. hold
76. They've lifted a two-year-long economic _____ on the country.
A. enclosure
B. restriction
C. blockade
D. prohibition
77. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means _____.
A. left
B. quarreled
C. attacked
D. defeated
78. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very _____ one.
A. elaborate
B. refined
C. ambitious
D. complex
79. The girl's voice was so low that we could ______ hear her.
A. seldom
B. almost
C. only
D. barely
80. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.
A. interested
B. gullible
C. enthusiastic
D. shrewd
PART
V
READING
COMPREHENSION
[25 MIN]
TEXT A
We have a crisis on our hands. Y
ou mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not
doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course,
and everything that comes with it
–
Facebook, Twitter (
微博
). Y
ou can write your own list.
There's
been
a warning
about
the
imminent
death
of
literate
civilization
for
a
long time.
In the
20th century
,
first
it was
the
movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not
only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before
–
there are more and more readers, and more and
more books.
The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital
revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book
readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the
traditional paper book.
As
technology
makes
new
ways
of
writing
possible,
new
ways
of
reading
are
possible.
Interconnectivity
allows
for
the
possibility
of
a
reading
experience
that
was
barely
imaginable
before.
Where
traditional
books
had
to
make
do
with
photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In
the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.
On
the
other
hand,
there
is
the
danger
of
trivialization.
One
group
is
offering
its
followers
single-sentence-long
ou must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of
reading.
There is the danger that the high- speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable of
reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.
In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what
is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our soc
iety
needs
to
be
able
to
imagine
the
possibility
of
someone
utterly
in
tune with
modern
technology
but
able
to
make sense
of a
dynamic, confusing world.
In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once
upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to
destroy traditional culture.
81. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?
A. Paragraph One.
B. Paragraph Two. C. Paragraph Three.
D. Paragraph Four.
82. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT _____.
A. multimodal content
B. environmental friendliness
C. convenience for readers
D. imaginative design
83. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?
A. Ironic
B. Worried.
C. Sarcastic.
D. Doubtful.
84. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and _____ to survive in the fast-changing society.
A. good judgment
B. high sensitivity
C. good imagination
D. the ability to focus
85. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.
B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.
C. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.
D. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.
TEXT B
I know when the snow melts and the first robins (
知更鸟
) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and
playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.
Spring cleaning.
I'll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today's busy families hardly have time to load the
dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting
snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.
a nice lemony yellow?
matches are over?
But I tell my family, spring cleaning can't wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little
League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend.
Newly wakened from our winter's hibernation (
冬眠
), yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first
fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding
wake and be clean!
Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring's first light, which
has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone (
激素
) our bodies produce when it's dark. When spring's light comes, the
melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house we've been hibernating in for four months.
I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring's arrival. I speak to them about life'
s
greatest
rewards waiting
in
the
removal
of
soap scum
from
the
bathtub, which
hasn't
been
properly
cleaned
since
the
first
snowfall.
ou will? Wow!
Maybe after all these years, he's finally grasped the concept. Maybe he's expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role
model.
Or maybe
he's
going
to
Florida
for
a
break
in
a couple
of weeks
and
he's
being
nice
to
me who
is
the financial-aid
officer.
No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother
who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning.
wake and be clean!
86. According to the passage,
_____.
A. is no longer an easy practice to understand.
B. is no longer part of modern family life.
C. requires more family members to be involved.
D. calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.
87. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family spring cleaning?
A. Beating the rugs.
B. Cleaning the window.
C. Restoring Wi-Fi services.
D. Cleaning the backyard.
88. Why does the author say ―spring cleaning can't wait‖?
A. Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.
B. Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter.
C. Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time.
D. Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.
89. Which of the following interpretations of the biologists' theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?
A. The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.
B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies.
C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies.
D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.
90. Which of the following can best sum up the author's overall reaction to her adult son's positive response to spring cleaning?
A. Surprised and skeptical.
B. Elated and hesitant.
C. Relieved and optimistic.
D. Optimistic and hesitant.
TEXT C
These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally,
increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.
But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldn't reject the partner chosen by his parents and their
middleman.
After
World
War
II,
many Japanese
abandoned
the
arranged
marriage
as
part
of
their
rush
to
adopt
the
more
democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren'ai kekkon, or love marriage, became popular; Japanese began
picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.
But
the
Western
way was
often
found
wanting
in
an
important
respect:
it
didn't
necessarily
produce
a
partner
of
the
right
economic, social, and educational qualifications.
commentator.
What seems to be happening now is a repetition of
a familiar process in the country's history
, the
foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject
the match.
Many
young
Japanese
now
date
in
their
early
twenties,
but with
no
thought
of marriage.
When
they
reach
the
age
-
in
the
middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men
- they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as
40 % of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. It's hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese
couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.
These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition
was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighbourhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their
parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find it's less awkward
to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.
Japan
has
about
five
hundred
computer
matching
services.
Some
big
companies,
including
Mitsubishi,
run
one
for
their
employees.
At
a
typical
commercial
service,
an
applicant
pays
$$80
to
$$125
to
have
his
or
her
personal
data
stored
in
the
computer for two years and $$200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like
education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent
first daughters, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents.)
91. According to the passage, today's young Japanese prefer _____.
A. a traditional arranged marriage.
B. a new type of arranged marriage.
C. a Western love marriage.
D. a more Westernized love marriage.
92. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. A
Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values.
B. Less attention is paid to the partner's qualification in arranged marriages.
C. Y
oung Japanese would often calculate their partner's wealth.
D. A
new arranged marriage is a repetition of the older type.
93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertain because _____.
A. there has been a big increase in the number of arranged marriages.
B. Western love marriage still remains popular among young Japanese.
C. young Japanese start dating very early in their life in a Western tradition.
D. the tendency for arranged marriages could be stronger than is indicated.
94. One of the big differences between a traditional nakodo and its contemporary version lies in the way _____.
A. wedding gifts are presented.
B. a proposed partner is refused.
C. formalities are arranged.
D. the middleman/woman is chosen.
95. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To tell the differences between an old and modern nakodo.
B. To provide some examples for the traditional nakodo.
C. To offer more details of the computerized nakodo.
D. To sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion.
TEXT D
Cordia
Harrington
was
tired
of
standing
up
all
day
and
smelling
like
French
fries
at
night.
She
owned
and
operated
three
McDonald's shops in Illinois, but as a divorced mother of three boys, she yearned for a business that would provide for her
children and let her spend more time with them.
Her
lucky moment came, strangely enough, after she was nominated in 1992 to be on the McDonald's bun committee.
company picked me up in a corporate jet to see bakeries around the world,
it. This was global!
The experience opened her eyes to business possibilities. When McDonald's decided it wanted a new bun supplier, Harrington
became determined to win the contract, even though she had no experience running a bakery.
Harrington studied the bakery business and made sure she was never off executives' radar.
for people to call you,
that says 'I want to be your baker.'
Harrington sealed the deal with a handshake, sold her shops, and borrowed $$13.5 million. She was ready to build the fastest,
most automated bakery in the world.
The Tennessee Bun Company opened ahead of schedule in 1997, in time for a slump in U.S. fast-food sales for McDonald's.
Before Harrington knew it, she was down to her last $$20,000, not enough to cover payroll. And her agreement with McDonald's
required that she sell exclusively to the company.
am
going to go bankrupt.
But Harrington worked out an agreement to supply Pepperidge Farm as well.
went up and prices went down, and no benefit if we went out of business,
Over
the
next
eight
years,
Harrington
branched
out
even
more:
She started
her
own
trucking
business,
added
a cold- storage
company, and now has three bakeries producing fresh buns and frozen dough - all now known as the Bun Companies. Speed is
still a priority: It takes 11 people at the main bakery to turn out 60,000 buns an hour for clients across 40 states, South America,
and the Caribbean.
Grateful
for
the
breaks
she's
had,
Harrington
is
passionate
about
providing
opportunities
to
all
230
employees.
success is the most fun when you can give it away,
The
current
economy
is
challenging.
Some
of
her
clients'
sales
have
declined,
but
she's
found
new
clients
and
improved
efficiencies to help sustain the company's double-digit growth.
Cordia
Harrington
doesn't
have
to
stand
on
her
feet
all
day
anymore.
Two
of
her
three sons
now work for
her.
And
she's
remarried - her husband, Tom, is now her CFO.
support them, they'll do their best to look after our clients. That's how it works here.
96. According to the passage, which of the following was most significant in her early career?
A. Her nomination on the McDonald's bun committee.
B. Her travel and the visits to bakeries around the world.
C. A
business contract with local bun suppliers.
D. The interviews and experience in running a bakery.
97.
she _____.
A. herself wanted to be a company executive
B. meant to hire executives to run the business
C. meant to keep her management knowledge and skills
D. focused on the management of the bakery business
98. How did she survive the crisis at the start of her bakery business?
A. By supplying buns for another company.
B. By opening her bun company ahead of schedule.
C. By keeping supplies up for McDonald's.
D. By making a new agreement with McDonald's.
99. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT in describing her current business?
A. It is fast growing.
B. It is diversified.
C. Its clients are all local.
D. It is more efficient.
100. According to the passage, which of the following is fundamental to Harrington's success?
A. Efficiency and love for the family.
B. Perseverance and concern for employees.
C. Business expansion and family support.
D. Opportunities and speed.
PART VI
WRITING
[45 MIN]
Recently government agencies in some big cities have been studying the possibility of putting a
The amount of tax private car owners would have to pay would depend on the emission levels, i.e. engine or vehicle size. This
has caused quite a stir among the public. Some regard it as an effective way to control the number of cars and reduce
pollution
in the city. But others don't think so. What is your opinion?
Write on
ANSWER SHEET THREE
a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
Should Private Car Owners be T
axed for Pollution?
Y
ou are to write in three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.
In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in
a loss of marks.
Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?
私家车主是否应交污染税
?
With the development of society, many people can afford a car. As the number of the cars is rising,
we are facing some
problems. One big problem is the pollution caused by the use of cars. In order to solve this problem, government agencies
in some big cities recently suggest that a “pollution tax” should be put on private cars in order to control the nu
mber of cars
and reduce pollution in the city. For my part, I agree to this viewpoint, and my reasons are as follows:
To begin with, cars contribute to the environmental pollution. For example, a lot of big cities in China are now plagued by
serious air pollution. Then it is the responsibility of these private car owners to pay for the pollution and they should be
taxed. The purpose of collecting environmental pollution tax is to raise the fund, and then utilize the tax revenue lever to
protect our environment.
Secondly, it is a good way to raise people’s environmental awareness by putting a pollution tax on private cars. If people
suffer from the financial loss when making a decision, they will think more about their decision. Then they will consider
more
when
deciding
to
buy
a
private
car.
Consequently,
the
increase
rate
of
the
number
of
the
private
cars
can
be
controlled.
In a word, it is a very good and necessary attempt to use the means of taxation to treat the pollution. Of course, it must be
kept in mind that all people, including the private car owners, should try their best to protect the environment.
2011
年英语专四真题参考答案：完形填空部分
31-35 BDACB36-40 DACBD41-45 CABDA46-50 CBADB
2011
年英语专四真题参考答案：语法词汇部分
51-55 BCABD56-60 BACBD61-65 ACBAB66-70 BACBD71-75 ACBDA76-80 CBADB
2011
年英语专四真题参考答案：阅读部分
81-85 BDBAC85-90 ACADB91-95 BADDC96-100 BCACB
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)
-GRADE EIGHT
-
TEXT A
Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to
Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like
in
Bengali. Conversing
in English, I never heard anyone c
all the city
anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway
—
a facility whose
spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors
—
but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and
films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of
Mother
Teresa.
For
years
the
government
has
been
talking
about
eliminating
hand-pulled
rickshaws
on
what
it
calls
humanitarian grounds
—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man
sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand
-pulled rickshaws
on
a
modern cit
y‘s
traffic
and,
particularly,
on
its
image.
―Westerners
try
to
associate
beggars
and
these
rickshaws with
the
Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb
Bhattacharjee, sa
id
in a press confer
ence in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—
the equivalent of a state
governor
—
went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.
Rickshaws
are
not
there
to
haul
around
tourists. (Actually,
I
saw
almost
no
tourists
in
Kolkata,
apart
from
the
young
backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the
services a rickshaw puller offers may include pr
oviding female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It‘s the people in the
lanes who most regularly use rickshaws
—
not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who
tend
to
travel
short
distances,
through
lanes
that
are
sometimes
inaccessible
to
even
the
most
daring
taxi
driver.
An
older
woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from
various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service.
Proprietors of café
s or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on
a
load of live chickens
—
tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the
axle.
By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their
steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up;
the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.
From June
to
September
Kolkata
can
get
torrential
rains,
and
its
drainage
system
doesn‘t
need
torrential
rain
to
begin
backing up. Residents who fav
or a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there‘s a flood.‖ During my stay it
once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn‘t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed
pictures of rickshaws being pull
ed through water that was up to the pullers‘ waists. When it‘s raining, the normal customer base
for rickshaw
pullers
expands
greatly,
as
does
the
price
of
a
journey.
A
writer
in
Kolkata
told
me,
―When
it
rains,
even
the
governor takes rickshaws.‖
While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such
measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India‘s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four
of the
past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once
in
Kolkata,
they sleep
on
the street
or
in
their
rickshaws
or
in
a
dera
—
a combination
garage
and
repair shop
and
dormitory
managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $$2.50) a month, which
sounds like a pretty good deal until you‘ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day
, out of which they ha
ve
to
pay
20 rupees
for
the
use
of
the
rickshaw
and
an
occasional
75
or
more for
a
payoff
if
a
policeman
stops
them for, say,
crossing
a street
where
rickshaws
are
prohibited.
A
2003
study
found that
rickshaw
pullers
are
near
the
bottom
of Kolkata
occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still
beats trying to make a living in Bihar.
There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because
they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of
their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are
not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata‘s Telegraph—
Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a
former
academic who still
writes
history
books
—
told
me,
for
instance, that
he sees
humanitarian
considerations
as
coming
down on the side of keeping hand-
pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said,
―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to
demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.
When I asked one rickshaw puller
if he thought the government‘s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine
interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head
—
a gesture
I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask
such
a
question, I will
answer
it,
but
it
is
not worth wasting
words
on.‖
Some
rickshaw
pullers
I met were
resigned
to the
imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something
in its place. As migrant workers, they don‘t
have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata‘s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginnin
g
of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything
—
or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain,
absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they
shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖
But
others
in
Kolkata
believe
that
rickshaws will
simply
be confined
more strictly
to certain
neighborhoods,
out
of
the
view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations
—
or that they will be allowed to die out naturally
as
they‘re supplanted
by
mor
e
modern
conveyances.
Buddhadeb
Bhattacharjee,
after
all,
is
not
the
first
high
West
Bengal
official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as
far back as 1976. The ban decreed by
Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some
retraining
or
social
security
settlement
ought
to
be
offered
to rickshaw
drivers.
It
may
also
have
been
delayed
by
a
quiet
reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century
. Kolkata, a resident told me,
―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for
how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.
“
Wh
ich option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.
“
That hasn‘t been decided,‖ he said.
“
When will it be decided?‖
“
That hasn‘t been decided,‖ he said.
11.
According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT
A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.
C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.
12.
Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?
A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.
C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.
13.
That
―
For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in
Bihar
‖
(4 paragraph) means that
even so,
A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.
C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.
14.
We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people
A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.
C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.
15.
Which of the following statements conveys the author
‘
s sense of humor?
A. ―…
not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.
‖
(2 paragraph)
B. ―…
,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you
‘
ve visited a dera.
‖
(4 paragraph)
C. Kolkata, a resident told me,
―
has difficulty letting go.
‖
(7 paragraph).
D.―…
or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.
‖
(6 paragraph)
16.
The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest
A. the uncertainty of the court
‘
s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.
C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.
TEXT B
Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National
Public Radio) or five years (according to customer- loyalty experts).
The
crucial
word
is
average,
as
wealthy
Americans
routinely
avoid
lines
altogether.
Once
the
most
democratic
of
institutions,
lines
are
rapidly
becoming
the
exclusive
province
of
suckers(people who
still
believe
in
and
practice waiting
in
lines). Poor suckers, mostly.
Airports resemble France before the Revolution:
first- class passengers enjoy
lite
and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway
.
At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $$52 Gold
Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks,
from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their
seats.
Flash
Pass
teaches
children
a
valuable
lesson
in
real-world
economics:
that
the
rich
are
more
important
than
you,
especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA
player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in
Canada--get this--
Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters
waiting
to
buy
iPhones
offered
to sell
their
spots
in
the
lines.
On
Craigslist,
prospective
iPhone
purchasers
offered to
pay
Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting
in
lines with the ordinary people. This
summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an A
T&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his
office
literally
stood
in
for
the
mayor
while
he
conducted
official
business.
And
billionaire
New
Y
ork
mayor
Michael
Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his
house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.
As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers
have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to
cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants
Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator
at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.
But
compromising
the
integrity
of
the
line
is
not
just
antidemocratic,
it's
out-of-date.
There was
something
about
the
orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.
How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first- come, first-served festival seating.
But for $$5 per flight, an
unaffiliated
company called
will
secure
you
a
coveted
boarding
pass when
that
airline
opens
for
online
check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.
Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former
Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.
And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: V
ery Important Persons, who don't wait,
and V
ery Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.
For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what
do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot:
17.
What
does
the
following
sentence
mean?
―
Once
the
most
democratic
of
institutions,
lines
are
rapidly
becoming
the
exclusive province of suckers
…
Poor suckers, mostly.
‖
(2 paragraph)
A. Lines are symbolic of America
‘
s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.
C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.
18.
Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?
A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.
C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.
19.
We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)
A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.
C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.
20.
What is the tone of the passage?
A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.
TEXT C
A
bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with
green and crimson fire, he found the
café
of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian,
a while
palace
with
ten thousand
lights.
It
towered
above
the
other
building
like
a
citadel,
which
indeed
it
was, the
outpost
of
a
new
age,
perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just
as behind
the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden
away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand
waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of
cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling
with fractions of a farming, who
knew
how
many
units
of
electricity
it
took
to
finish
a
steak-and-kidney
pudding
and
how
many
minutes
and
seconds
a
waitress( five feet four in height and in
average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the
table
in
the
far corner. In short,
there was
a warm,
sensuous,
vulgar
life
flowering
in
the
upper
storeys,
and
a cold
science
working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all
the
enchantment
of
unfamiliar
luxury.
Perhaps
he
knew
in
his
heart that
men
have conquered
half
the
known world,
looted
whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.
It was
built
for
a
great
many
other
people
too,
and,
as
usual,
they were
al
there.
It seemed with
humanity. The marble
entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of
the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging
to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it
all,
climbed
the
wide
staircase
until
he
reached
his
favourite
floor, whre
an
orc
hestra,
led
by
a
young Jewish
violinist with
wandering
lustrous
eyes
and
a
passion
for
tremolo
effects,
acted
as
a
magnet
to
a
thousand
girls, scented
air,
the sensuous
clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he
was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially:
―
For one, sir? This way, please,
‖
Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.
21.
That
―
behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel
‖
suggests that
A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.
B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café
..
C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.
D. the café
was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.
22.
The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT
A. ―…
turned Babylonian
‖
.
B. ―
perhaps a new barbarism
‘
.
C. ―
acres of white napery
‖
.
D. ―
balanced to the last halfpenny
‖
.
23.
In its context the statement that
―
the place was built for him
‖
means that the café
was intended to
A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.
C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.
24.
Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?
A. The café
appealed to most senses simultaneously.
B. The café
was both full of people and full of warmth.
C. The inside of the café
was contrasted with the weather outside.
D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café
owners.
25.
The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that
A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.
B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.
C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café
is compared to warm countries.
26.
The author
‘
s attitude to the café
is
A. fundamentally critical.
B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.
TEXT D
I
Now
elsewhere
in
the world, Iceland
may
be
spoken
of,
somewhat
breathlessly,
as western
Europe‘s
last
pristine
wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they
were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can‘t do anything about
.
But the truth is, once you‘re off the beat
-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and
they‘re all bad, so Iceland‘s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab
-itants. For them the
land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited
—
the mind- set being one of land
as
commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖
When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American
aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like
this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world‘s richest countries, with
a
99 percent literacy rate and long
life expectancy. But the proj-
ect‘s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more
emotionally
attuned
to
the
country‘s
century
upon
century
of
want,
hardship,
and
colonial
servitude
to
Denmark,
which
officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had
meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation,
volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta- tion and livestock, all spirit
—
a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare
of one‘s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.
Ostensibly,
the
Alcoa
project
was
intended
to
save
one
of
these
dying
regions
—
the
remote
and
sparsely
populated
east
—
where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the
early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away
, fishing rights ended
up
mostly
in
the
hands
of
a
few companies,
and small
fishermen were
virtually
wiped
out. Technological
advances drained
away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their
lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had
come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. ―Smelter or death.‖
The
contract
with
Alcoa
would
infuse
the
re-gion
with
foreign
capital,
an
estimated
400
jobs,
and
spin-off
service
industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diver
sify an
economy
historically
dependent
on
fish;
and,
in
an
appealing
display
of
Icelandic
can-do
verve,
perhaps
even
protect
all
of
Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.
“
We
have
to
live,‖
Halldór
Ásgrímsson
said
in
his
sad, sonorous
voice.
Halldór,
a
former
prime
minister
and
longtime mem
ber of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖
27.
According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of
A. environmental value.
B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.
28.
What is Iceland
‘
s old-aged advocates
‘
feeling towards the Alcoa project?
A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.
C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.
29.
The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT
A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.
30.
The 4 paragraph in the passage
A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.
C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.
PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
34.
The
Emancipation Proclamation
to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by
A. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.
D. Thomas Jefferson.
35.
________ is best known for the technique of
dramatic monologue
in his poems..
A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth
36.
The Financier
is written by
A. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.
37.
In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as
A. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.
38.
________ refers to the learning and development of a language.
A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction
39.
The word
―
Motel
‖
comes from
―
motor + hotel
‖
. This is an example of
________ in morphology.
A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym
40.
Language is t tool of communication. The symbol
―
Highway Closed
‖
on a highway serves
A. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.
Part IV
Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)
The
passage contains TEN
errors.
Each
indicated
line
contains
a maximum
of
ONE
error.
In
each case,
only
ONE word
is
involved. Y
ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word,
For a missing word,
underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
mark the position of the missing word with a
∧
in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a unnecessary word,
cross the unnecessary word with a slash
line.
So
far
as
we
can
tell,
all
human
languages
are
equally
complete
and
perfect
as
instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped
as any
大
1
家
other to say the things their speakers want to say
.
大
2
家
大
3
家
There
may
or
may
not
be
appropriate
to
talk
about
primitive
peoples
or cultures,
but
that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear
physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass.
Whereas
this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal
more
precision
and
subtlety
than
we
can
in
English,
but
this
is
not
because
the
Eskimo
language
(one
of
those
sometimes
miscalled
'primitive')
is
inherently
more
precise
and
subtle
than
English.
This
example
does
not come
to
light
a
defect
in
English,
a
show
of
unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the
English live in
similar environments. The English language
will be just as rich in terms for
similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used
made such distinction as important.
Similarly,
we
have
no reason
to
doubt that
the
Eskimo
language
could
be
as
precise
and
subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed
the part of the
Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not
talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a
part of their culture. But they had
a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us,
puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us
could
distinguish
between
a
chaise,
a
landau,
a
victoria,
a
brougham,
a
coupe,
a
gig,
a
diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?
大
4
家
大
5
家
大
6
家
大
7
家
大
8
家
大
9
家
大
10
家
PART V
TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的
,
容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间
,
情趣相投、脾气对味则合、
则交
;
反之
,
则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉
,
再亲密
,
也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破
,
友
好关系将不复 存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，
造 成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节 ，
互不干涉。
I thought that it was a Sunday morning in
May; that
it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the
morning. I was
standing
at
the
door
of
my
own cottage.
Right
before
me
lay
the
very
scene which could
really
be
commanded
from
that
situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same
lovely
valley
at
their
feet;
but
the
mountains
were
raised
to
more
than
Alpine
height,
and
there
was
interspace
far
larger
between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except
that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a
child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child
died.
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D16.C 17.C18.A 19.D 20.B21. A22.B23. B 24.B 25. C26.A27.D 28.D 29.A30.C
PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by
答案
A
：
Abraham Lincoln
答题说明：本题为美国历史常识题，林肯发布解放黑奴宣言
35
．
Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?
答案
C
：
Robert Browning
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
文化背景：罗伯特
·
勃朗宁（
Robert Browning)
（
1812-1889
）
，维多利亚时期代表诗人之一。主要作品有《戏剧抒情
诗》
、
《剧中人物》
、
《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐名，是维多利亚时代两大 诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理探索而独步
诗坛，
对⒚
?0
世纪诗歌产生了重 要影响。
朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，
是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗
（
Dram aticmonologue
）
这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不 同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心
理。
36. The Financier was written by
答案
D
：
Theodore Dreiser
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
人文背景：西奥多
·
德莱塞（
Theodore
Dreiser< br>，
1871
～
1945
）
，美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特雷 霍特镇。父亲是
贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以后进印第安纳大学学习。一生的大部 分时间从事新闻工作。走遍
芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入地观察了解社会，为日后的文学创 作积累了丰富的素材。代表作：
《嘉莉妹
妹》
、
《金融家》
、
《美国悲剧》等
37. In literature a strory in verse or prose with a double meaning is difined as
答案
A
：
Allegory
答题说明：即使你不认识选项
A
，也可以通过排除法排除
B. sonnet, C. blank verse, D. rhyme.
因为
BCD
涉及的主要
是形式或音韵，不涉及内容和意义。
38
．
… refers to the learning and development of a language
答案
A
：
language acqisition
答题说明：本题为语言学常识题。
背景知识：语言习得最基本的定义，其余选项一看就不符合题干内容。
39. The word “motel” comes from “motor –
hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.
答案
C
：
blending
答题说明：本题为语言学分支形态学最基本常识，也是比较活跃的一种构词方式
背景知识：
A
逆生法；
B
转类法；
C
拼缀法；
D
首字母构词
40
．
Langua
ge is tool of communication, the sybol “highway closed” serves
答案
B
：
informative function
答题说明：语言学基本常识；认识选项单词都不会选错答案
Part IV
Proofreading & Error Correction
1 be
后插入
as; 2 their
改为
its; 3 There
改为
It; 4 Whereas
改为
But 5 further
改为
much
6 come
改为
bring; 7 similar
改为
different; 8 will
改为
would; 9 as important
去掉
as; 10 the part
去掉
the
SECTION A
CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well
and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and
end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar
and closer can not be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken,
and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space,
and if
too casual
among
friends,
it
is
easy
to
invade
this
piece
of
restricted
areas,
which
will lead
to
the
conflict,
resulting
in
alienation.
It
may
be
a
small
matter
to
be
rude
to
friends;
however,
it
is
likely
to
plant
the
devastating
seeds.
The
best
way
to keep
the close
relationship
between
friends
is
to
keep
contacts
with
restraint, and do not bother each other.
SECTION B
ENGLISH TO CHINESE
我想 那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那< br>么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得 超凡出尘，
一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿 尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空
旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；
树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥 望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛
群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头 围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东
升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当 年那样望着牛群。
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2009)
-GRADE EIGHT
-
PART II
READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
TEXT A
We had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been
exposed to
during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible
from Geneva, where we
are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.
We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkok later this year, but thought
our 11- and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicured boulevards and pristine monuments.
What we didn't foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting our children
vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism
or just the
unknown. To help
us get acquainted with the peculiarities of
Istanbul and to give our children a chance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellent
guidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving.
Friendly
warnings
didn't
change
our
planning,
although
we
might
have
more
prudently
checked
with
the
U.S.
State
Department's list of troublespots. We didn't see a lot of children among the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul,
but we found the tourist areas quite safe, very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request
is that we not see
Vaccinations weren't needed for the city, but we were concemed about adapting to the water for a short stay. So we
used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precaution that may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy.
Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbul's major tourist sites. This not
only
got
us
some
morning
exercise,
strolling
over
the
Karakoy
Bridge,
but
took
us
past
a
colorful
assortment
of
fishermen,
vendors and shoe shiners.
From a teenager and pre-teen's view, Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors.
They were at a good age to spend time wandering the labyrinth of the Spice Bazaar
, where shops display mounds of pungent
herbs
in
sacks.
Doing
this
with
younger
children
would
be
harder
simply
because
the
streets
are
so
packed
with
people;
it
would be easy to get lost.
For our two, whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques, it was amazing to
discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up with two of something for the price of one. They also learned
to figure out the relative value of the Turkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros.
Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especially the enormous Blue Mosque,
was our first glimpse into
how this major religion
is practiced. Our
children's curiosity already had been piqued by the five
daily calls to prayer over loudspeakers in every corner of the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women.
Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or in restaurants, was unfailingly
popular. Since we had decided this trip was
not for gourmets, kebabs
spared us the agony
of trying to find a restaurant each
day that would suit the adults' desire to try
something new amid children's
insistence that the food be
served
immediately.
Gradually, we branched out to try some other Turkish specialties.
Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for every awkward question that might come
up,
such
as
during
our
visits
to
the
Topkapi
Sarayi,
the
Ottoman
Sultans'
palace.
No
guides
were
available
so
it
was
do-it-yourself,
using our guidebook, which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that
a professional guide
could provide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance.
On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, its courtyards and its
harem.
The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily lef~ to a learned third party.
11. The couple chose Istanbul as their holiday destination mainly because
A.
the city is not too far away from where they lived.
B.
the city is not on the list of the U.S. State Department.
C.
the city is between the familiar and the exotic.
D.
the city is more familiar than exotic.
12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A.
The family found the city was exactly what they had expected.
B.
Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan.
C.
They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along.
D.
They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city.
13. We learn from the couple's shopping experience back home that
A.
they were used to bargaining over price.
B.
they preferred to buy things outdoors.
C.
street markets were their favourite.
D.
they preferred fashion and brand names.
14. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in Istanbul
A.
guidebooks are very useful.
B.
a professional guide is a must.
C.
one has to be prepared for questions. D.
one has to make arrangements in advance.
15. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPT
A.
religious prayers. B. historical buildings. C local-style markets.D.
shopping mall boutiques.
TEXT B
Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and
1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming
skilled workers dispatched from the labour force.
The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged
between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will
decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in
the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by
more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35- to 44-year-olds decline by 10%.
Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a looming
problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they
have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of
human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded:
retires, many companies will find out too late that a career's worth of experience has walked out
the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.
Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence, for example, as much as
40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At
the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.
A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier
this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in
Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work
for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world
tomorrow?
If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to
older workers. The AARP
, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of
the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they
are one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected, says the
Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.
Near the top of the AARP's latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense
industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere's 46,000 employees are
over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that - flexible
working, telecommuting, and so forth - also coincidentaUy help older workers to extend their
working lives. The company spends
jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.
Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the world's most advanced
manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labour
available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW
recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.
Needs must when the devil drives.
Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired
people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000
registered alumni, and about 25% of its
return after an absence.
But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found
that
is not dealing with the issue.
by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five
years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are
looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America
complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards - this when the pool of
retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.
Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the
crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the
only way to cope with a falling supply of labour. The participation of developing countries in the
world economy has increased the overall supply - whatever the local effect of demographics in
the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and
India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their
immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the
need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.
16. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching
retirement would be
A.
a loss of knowledge and experience to many companies.
B.
a decrease in the number of 35- to 44- year-olds.
C.
a continuous increase in the number of 50-to 64-year-olds.
D.
its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing.
17. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing
workforce EXCEPT
A.
making places of work accommodate the needs of older workers.
B.
using alumni networks to hire retired former employees.
C.
encouraging former employees to work overseas.
D.
granting more convenience in working hours to older workers.
18.
means that
A.
the company attaches great importance to the layout of its factories.
B.
the company improves the working conditions in its factories.
C.
the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factories.
D.
the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment.
19. In the author's opinion American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the
ageing workforce mainly because
A.
they have not been aware of the problem.
B.
they are reluctant to hire older workers.
C.
they are not sure of what they should do.
D.
they have other options to consider.
20. Which of the following best describes the author's development of argument?
A.
introducing the issue---citing ways to deal with the issue---describing the actual
status ---offering reasons.
B.
describing the actual status--- introducing the issue---citing ways to deal with the
issue---offering reasons.
C.
citing ways to deal with the issue---introducing the issue----describing the actual
status---offering reasons.
D.
describing the actual status--offering reasons---introducing the issue---citing ways to
deal with the issue.
TEXT C
(1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife.
It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife
who must rely heavily on her
husband for
help with
domestic tasks. There are various ways
in which the impact of the first
difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the
same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh
fact of
her greater success can
be
obscured
by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely
monetary
measure of achievement as
intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best
if the couple work
in different
fields
so that the husband can find some
special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife's.
(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate
domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the
unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields:
see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention,
which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so,
indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my
experience goes the women
do
not protest. They feel that a man would lose
his manhood if, merely
because he was out of
work, he developed in a 'Mary Ann'.
(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really
significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably
time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.
(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible
woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of
tentativeness. What decides the
issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman's response. If
she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real
power while pretending to give it to men.
(5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away
from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite
all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more
indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of
economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If
women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.
21. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to
A.
work in the same sort of job as her husband.
B.
play down her success, making it sound unimportant.
C.
stress how much the family gains from her high salary.
D.
introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.
22. Orwell's picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a
relationship which the author of the passage
A.
thinks is the natural one.
B.
wishes to see preserved.
C.
believes is fair.
D.
is sure must change.
23. Which of the following words is used literally, NOT metaphorically?
A.
Abrasive (Paragraph Five).
B.
Engines (Paragraph Four).
C.
Convention (Paragraph Two).
D.
Heavily (Paragraph One).
24. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they must
A.
sometimes make the first advances in love.
B.
allow men to flirt with many women.
C.
stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.
D.
avoid making their husbands look like
25. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?
A.
Men are equally serious about courtship.
B.
Each man
C.
The woman's reaction decides the fate of courtship.
D.
The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly.
TEXT D
From Namche Bazaar
, the Sherpa capital at 12,000 feet, the long line threaded south,
dropping 2,000 feet to the valley floor, then trudged down the huge Sola- Khumbu canyon until it
opened out to the lush but still daunting foothills of Central Nepal.
It was here at Namche that one man broke rank and leaned north, slowly and arduously
climbing the steep walls of the natural amphitheater behind the scatter of stone huts, then past
Kunde and Khumjong.
Despite wearing a balaclava on his head, he had been frequently recognized by the Tibetans,
and treated with the gravest deference and respect. Even among those who knew nothing about
him, expressions of surprise lit up their dark, liquid eyes. He was a man not expected to be there.
Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans, but it
was also obvious from his bearing - and his new broadcloak, which covered a much-too-tight
army uniform - that he came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan.
Among a people virtually bereft of possessions, he had fewer still, consisting solely of a rounded
bundle about a foot in diameter slung securely by a cord over his shoulder. The material the
bundle was wrapped in was of a rough Tibetan weave, which did not augur that the content was
of any greater value - except for the importance he seemed to ascribe to it, never for a moment
releasing his grip.
His objective was a tiny huddle of buildings perched halfway up an enormous valley wall
across from him, atop a great wooded spur jutting out from the lower lap of the 22,493-foot Ama
Dablum, one of the most majestic mountains on earth. There was situated Tengboche, the most
famous Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas, its setting unsurpassed for magnificence
anywhere on the planet.
From the top of the spur, one's eyes sweep 12 miles up the stupendous Dudh Kosi canyon
to the six- mile-long granite wall of cliff of Nuptse at its head. If Ama Dablum is the Gatekeeper,
then the sheer cliff of Nuptse, never less than four miles high, is the Final Protector of the
highest and mightiest of them all: Chomolongma, the Mother Goddess of the World, to the
Tibetans; Sagarmatha, the Head of the Seas, to the Nepalese; and Everest to the rest of us. And
over the great barrier of Nuptse She demurely peaks.
It was late in the afternoon - when the great shadows cast by the colossal mountains were
descending into the deep valley floors - before he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a
stop just past Tengboche's entrance gompa. His chest heaving in the rarefied air, he removed his
hand from the bundle--the first time he had done so - and wiped grimy rivulets of sweat from
around his eyes with the fingers of his mitted hand.
His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds, the pagoda-like monastery
itself, and the stone buildings that tumbled down around it like a protective skirt. In the distance
the magic light of the magic hour lit up the plume flying off Chomolongma's 29,029-foot-high
crest like a bright, welcoming banner.
His breathing calmed, he slowly, stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps to
the monastery entrance. There he was greeted with a respectful nameste -
in you
been using to sweep the flagstones of the inner courtyard. While he did so, the visitor noticed
that the monk was missing the small finger on his left hand. The stranger spoke a few formal
words in Tibetan, and then the two disappeared inside.
Early the next morning the emissary - lightened of his load - appeared at the monastery
entrance, accompanied by the same monk and the elderly abbot. After a bow of his head, which
was returned much more deeply by the two ocher-robed residents, he took his leave. The two
solemn monks watched, motionless, until he dipped over the ridge on which the monastery sat,
and out of sight.
Then, without a word, they turned and went back inside the monastery.
26. Which of the following words in Paragraph One implies difficulty in walking?
A.
B.
C.
D.
27. In the passage the contrast between the Tibetans and the man is indicated in all the following
aspects EXCEPT
A.
clothing.
B.
height.
C.
social status.D.
personal belongings.
28. It can be inferred from the passage that one can get ______ of the region from the
monastery.
A.
a narrow view
B.
a hazy view
C.
a distant view
D.
a panoramic view
29. Which of the following details shows that the man became relaxed after he reached the
monastery?
A.
B.
C.
D.
30. From how it is described in the passage the monastery seems to evoke
A.
a sense of awe.
B.
a sense of piety.
C.
a sense of fear.D.
a sense of mystery.
PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
35.
Ode to the West Windwas written by
A.
William Blake.
B.
William Wordsworth.
C.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
D.
Percy B. Shelley.
36.
Who among the following is a poet of free verse?
A.
Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B.
Walt Whitman.
C.
Herman Melville
D.
Theodore Dreiser.
37.
The novel Sons andLovers was written by
A.
Thomas Hardy.
B.
John Galsworthy.
C.
D.H. Lawrence.
D.
James Joyce.
38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is
A.
corpus linguistics.
B.
sociolinguistics.
C.
theoretical linguistics.
D.
psycholinguistics.
39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages
for purposes of trading is called
A.
dialect.
B.
idiolect.
C.
pidgin.
D.
register.
40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the
window, he is performing
A.
an illocutionary act.
B.
a perlocutionary act.
C.
a locutionary act.
D.
none of the above.
PART IV
PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference
____1____
between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt
in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener
____2____
has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren.
____3_____
The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting
it may be something from 20 to 70 years. With the playground
____4____
lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour
____5____
it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the
____6____
same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the differnce in age
between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground
rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or
____7____
even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over
and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three
____8____
hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live
____9____
after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the
____10____
original wording.
PART V
TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我
们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这
种法宝。
手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会
议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我
们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥
< br>渴症”
。
最为常见的是，
一个人走着走着突然停下来，
眼睛盯着手机屏 幕发短信。
他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎
?
因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。
We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our
civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there
is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not
all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.
However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston
Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat:
decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.
So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell
of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump
a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat
from the sun.
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)
-GRADE EIGHT
-
TEXT A
At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to
school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.
m. After dinner,
it's time to hit the books again
–
at
one of
Seoul's
many
so-called
cram
schools.
Lee
gets
back
home
at
1
in
the
morning,
sleeps
less
than
five
hours,
then
repeats
the
routine
–
five
days
a week.
It's
a
grueling
schedule,
but
Lee worries that
it
may
not
be
good
enough
to
get
him
into
a
top
university. Some of his classmates study even harder.
South
Korea's
education
system
has
long
been
highly
competitive.
But
for
Lee
and
the
other
700,000
high-school
sophomores
in
the country
,
high-school studies
have
gotten
even more
intense. That's
because South
Korea
has
conceived
a
new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by
the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide
SA
T-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.
The change was
made
mostly
to
reduce
what
the
government
says
is
a
growing
education
gap
in
the country: wealthy
students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is
to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the
new
system
has
had
the
opposite
effect.
Before,
students
didn't worry too
much
about
their
grade- point
averages;
the
big
challenge
was
beating
the standardized
tests
as
high-school seniors.
Now
students
are competing
against
one
another over
a
three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram
schools to help their children succeed.
Parents
and
kids
have
sent
thousands
of
angry
online
letters
to
the
Education
Ministry
complaining
that
the
new
admissions standard is setting students against each other.
Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving.
According
to
critics,
the
country's
high
schools
are
almost
uniformly
mediocre
–
the
result
of
an
egalitarian
government
education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically
have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up
for
the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.
Students
in
affluent
southern
Seoul
neighbourhoods
complain
that
the
new system will
hurt
them
the
most.
Nearly
all
Korean
high
schools
will
be
weighted
equally
in
the
college-entrance
process,
and
relatively
weak
students
in
provincial
schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.
Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new
system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving
more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.
President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized
between
the
government
and
universities,
the country's
10th
graders
are
feeling
the
stress.
On
online
protest
sites, some
are
calling themselves a
Korean school system.
11.
According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed to ________.
A. require students to sit for more college-entrance testsB. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests
C. select students on their high school grades onlyD. reduce the number of prospective college applicants
12.
What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?
A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.
C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.
13.
According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result of ________.
A. the government's egalitarian policyB. insufficient number of schools:
C. curriculums of average qualityD. low cost of private education
14.
According
to the
passage,
there seems
to
be
disagreement
over
the
adoption
of
the
new
system
between
the
following
groups EXCEPT
A. between universities and the governmentB. between school experts and the government
C. between parents and schoolsD. between parents and the government
15.
Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?
A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.
TEXT B
Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born
in Jamaica, the 47-year-old
grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency.
But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has
allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs.
His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces.
very urban,
And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial
know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets-numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years
–
swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned
in
the
city.
in
the
rural
community
has
to
come
to
terms
with
the
fact
that
things
have
changed,
says
Emmanuel-Jones.
ou can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your
time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on.
The
emergence
of
the
new
class
of
superpeasants
reflects
some
old
yearnings.
If
the
British
were
the
first
nation
to
industrialize,
they
were
also
the
first
to
head
back
to
the
land.
is
this
romantic
image
of
the
countryside
that
is
particularly English,
Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been
rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life
has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural
incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland
is now sold to
buyers
What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a
micro-level. A
healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The
media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the
of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.
Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the
extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?
Besides,
the
specialist
producers
can
at
least
depend
on
a
burgeoning
market
for
their
products.
Today's
eco-aware
generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients.
onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.
Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way.
most other countries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here
it is being recovered,
Fort.
desirability of being a peasant.
not an
investment banker.
16.
Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?
A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.
C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.
17.
Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farming ________.
A. knowledge of farmingB. knowledge of brand namesC. knowledge of lifestyleD. knowledge of marketing,
18.
Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?
A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth.C. Influence of TV productions.
D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.
19.
What is seen as their additional source of new income?
A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.
C. Raising and selling rare live stock.D. Publicity as a result of media coverage.
20.
The sentence in the last paragraph
isn't catching up with mainland
Europe; it's leading the way
________.
A. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain
C. the British are heading back to the countrysideD. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life
TEXT C
In Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of
human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take
shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.
First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind
them,
other
people
press
together,
forming
outward-radiating
ramparts
of
inward-pushing
muscle:
flying
buttresses for
the
castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders
–
then still others, each time adding a higher
These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine
seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top.
Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below.
Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before
Barcelona became a world
metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice,
you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do-and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.
None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But
V
ictor Luna, 16, touches me on the
shoulder and says in English:
Barcelona's mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and
rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa
is reminiscent of our words
What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny
. The idea of a human castle is rauxa
–
it
defies common sense
–
but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to
achieve a shared goal.
The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern
and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.
Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia
–
the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital
–
are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democ
ratic
European country
. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into
an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of
Spain's territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production
–
everything from textiles to
computers
–
even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.
Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable,
tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow
lanes
each
way
for
cars
and
motorbikes,
but
it's
the
wide
centre
walkway
that
makes
the
Ramblas
a
front-row
seat
for
Barcelona's
longest
running
theatrical
event
.
Plastic
armchairs
are
set
out
on
the
sidewalk.
Sit
in
one
of
them,
and
an
attendant
will
come
and
charge
you
a small
fee.
Performance
artists
throng
the
Ramblas
–
stilt
walkers,
witches caked
in
charcoal
dust,
Elvis
impersonators.
But
the
real
stars
are
the
old
women
and
happily
playing
children,
millionaires
on
motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.
Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to compare notes:
room,
talking into a cell phone.
There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).
21.
From the description in the passage, we learn that ________.
A. all Catalonians can perform castellsB. castells require performers to stand on each other
C. people perform castells in different formationsD. in castells people have to push and pull each other
22.
According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is that ________.
A. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy peopleB. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected
C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristicsD. the Catalonians think highly of team work
23.
The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT ________ to show seny at work.
A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economy
D. comparison with other regions
24.
In
the
last
but
two
paragraph,
the
Ramblas
is
described
as
front-row
seat
for
Barcelona's
longest
running
theatrical
event
A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.
B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.
C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.
D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.
25.
What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?
A. It is bizarre and outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.
TEXT D
The law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the
firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right- hand corner, just above the
paralegals.
Then
the
rumors
got
started
and
wouldn't
stop.
Before
long,
everyone
believed
he
had
taken
the
money
and
disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the
debts piled up.
The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and
the
bank
notes,
back when
they
were rolling
and
on
the
verge
of
serious wealth.
They
had
been
joint
defendants
in several
unwinnable
lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another,
but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other
two were in recovery
, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.
He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money
for
their
richly
renovated
office
building
in
downtown
Biloxi.
Money
for
new
homes,
yachts, condos
in
the
Caribbean. The
money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner
–
Patrick
–
snatched it at the last possible second.
He
was
dead.
They
buried
him
on February
11,
1992. They
had
consoled
the widow
and
put
his rotten
name
on
their
handsome letterhead. Y
et six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.
They
had
brawled
over who was
to
blame.
Charles
Bogan,
the firm's
senior
partner
and
its
iron
hand,
had
insisted
the
money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million
bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty
thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy
, even as they made plans to
display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.
So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He
was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.
Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had
agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley,
Vitrano,
Havarac,
and
Lanigan,
Attorneys
and
Counselors-at-Law.
A
large
ad
in
the
yellow
pages
claimed
in
Offshore
Injuries.
Specialists
or
not,
like
most
firms
they
would
take
almost
anything
if
the
fees
were
lucrative.
Lots
of
secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.
They were
all
in
their
mid-to
late
forties.
Havarac
had
been raised
by
his father
on
a shrimp
boat.
His
hands were
still
proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left
his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.
26.
What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?
A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.
C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.
27.
Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?
A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.
B.…they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...
C.…, attached unwi
llingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...
D.…, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.
28.
According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?
A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.
B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.
C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.
D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.
29.
The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPT
A. greedyB. extravagantC. quarrelsomeD. bad-tempered
30.
Which of the following implies a contrast?
A.…, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.
B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy
.
C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.
D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.
PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
35.
The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic
work by ________.
A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.
36.
Who wrote The American?
A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.
C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.
37.
All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT
A. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.
38.
Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.
39.
What type of sentence is
A. A
simple sentence.B. A
coordinate sentence.C. A
complex sentence.D. None of the above.
40.
The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.
A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy
PART IV
PROOFREADING
& ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a
very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent
1
—
part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate
2
—
a given language to show that they are distinctive from another
3
—
race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States
4
—
split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a
5
—
different language from those of Britain. There was even one
6
—
proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured
the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English
7
—
and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone
8
—
knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory
solution of carrying with the same language as before.
9
—
Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world
10
—
that political independence and national identity can be complete
without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common
language.
PART V
TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
都市寸土千金
,
地价炒得越来越高
,
今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望
,
对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望
,
一种
梦想。我想
,
其实谁都有一个小小花园
,
这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发
,
人的内心世界也是需要开发的。
人和动物的区别
,
除了众所周知的诸多方面
,
恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器
,
而内心世界是
一种景观
,
它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每 个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的渐损
,
以至
于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。 但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。
But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have
been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves,
they
discovered
that
the
cares
of
life
had
been
doubled.
This
led
to
some
distressing
moments
for
both
our
friends;
they
understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws
and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established
a
new
household,
and
must fulfill
in
some
way
or
another
the
obligations
of
it.
They
looked
back
with
affection
to
their
engagement; they had been
longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so
keenly that they were still units in modern society.
TEXT A
The
Welsh
language
has
always
been
the
ultimate
marker
of
Welsh
identity,
but
a
generation
ago
it
looked
as
if
Welsh
would
go
the
way
of
Manx.
Once
widely
spoken
on
the
isle
of
Man
but
now
extinct.
Government
financing
and
central
planning,
however,
have
helped
reverse the
decline
of
Welsh.
Road
signs
and
official
public
documents
are written
in
both
Welsh
and
English,
and
schoolchildren
are
required
to
learn
both
languages.
Welsh
is
now
one
of
the
most
successful
of
Europe's regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country's three million people.
The
revival
of
the
language,
particularly
among
young
people,
is
part
of
a
resurgence
of
national
identity
sweeping
through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the
first
parliament
to
be convened
here
since
1404.
The
idea
behind
devolution
was
to
restore
the
balance
within
the
union
of
nations
making
up
the
United
Kingdom.
With
most
of
the
people
and
wealth,
England
has
always
had
bragging
rights.
The
partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of
the club-Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very
idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for
a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately
limited.
The
Assembly
can
decide
how
money
from
Westminster
or
the
European
Union
is
spent.
It
cannot,
unlike
its
counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would
like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one
of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore- style waterfront city. Meanwhile
a
grant
of
nearly
two
million
dollars
from
the
European
Union
will
tackle
poverty.
Wales
is
one
of
the
poorest regions
in
Western Europe-only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar
faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and
Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national
airline.
A
wyr Cymru. Cymru, which means
since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere-on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.
very
recent
times
most
Welsh
people
had
this
feeling
of
being
second- class
citizens,
said
Dyfan
Jones,
an
18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an
industrial
town
in
the
south,
outside
the
rock
music
venue
of
the
National
Eisteddfod,
Wales's
annual
cultural
festival.
The
disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.
in
his
membership
in
the
English- speaking,
global
youth
culture
and
the
new
federal
Europe,
Dyfan,
like
the
rest
of
his
generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.
only Welsh. Now I think that's changing.
11.
According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to ________.
A. maintain the present status among the nationsB. reduce legislative powers of England
C. create a better state of equality among the nationsD. grant more say to all the nations in the union
12.
The word
A. separatistB. conventionalC. feudalD. political
13.
Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT
A. people's desire for devolutionB. locals' turnout for the votingC. powers of the legislative body
D. status of the national language
14.
Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity ________.
A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.
B. Poverty- relief funds have come from the European Union.
C. A
Welsh national airline is currently in operation.
D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.
15.
According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is ________.
A. people's mentalityB. pop cultureC. town's appearanceD. possibilities for the people
TEXT B
Getting
to
the
heart
of
Kuwaiti
democracy seems
hilariously
easy.
Armed
only
with
a
dog-eared
NEWSWEEK
ID,
I
ambled through the gates of the National
Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the
odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take
a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.
Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament
blocked
a
bill
giving
women
the
vote;
29
M.
P
.
s
voted
in
favour
and
29
against, with
two
abstentions.
Unable
to
decide
whether
the
bill
had
passed
or
not,
the
government
scheduled
another
vote
in
two weeks-too
late
for women
to
register
for
June's
municipal
elections.
The
next such
elections
aren't
until
2009.
Inside
the
elegant,
marbled
Parliament
itself,
a
sea
of
mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women's political rights
for
years. Ironically,
the
democratically
elected
legislature
has
thwarted
him.
Traditionalists
and
tribal
leaders
are
opposed.
Liberals
fret,
too, that Islamists will
let
their
multiple
wives
vote, swelling
conservative
ranks.
I came
to
Parliament
today, people who voted yes didn't even shake hands with me,
together?
Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don't
insult their emir, naturally) and boast a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive,
work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that
colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical and engineering courses. Even then,
70
percent of university students are females.
In Kuwait, the
Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK's Arabic edition,
some Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For
the party's entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world's answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white
mini-dress. She couldn't dance for us, alas, since shaking one's body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn't stop whole tables
of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture. Y
ou'd think not being able to vote or dance in
public would anger Kuwait's younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls
-Kuwait's archipelago of civic
freedom. Eager to duck
Strict parents
and the social taboos of dating in public. young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared
e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering
Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing
cigarettes and grumbling about the service. At Pizza Hut, I thought I'd got an answer after encountering a young woman who
looked every inch the modern suffragette
–
drainpipe jeans, strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple
rhinestones. But, no, Miriam Al-Enizi, 20, studying business administration at Kuwait University, doesn't think women need the
vote.
Welcome to democracy
, Kuwait style.
16.
According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?
A. Foreign tourists.B. Women protestors.C. Foreign journalists.D. Members of the National Assembly.
17.
The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass because ________.
A. Different interest groups held different concerns.B. Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.
C. Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.D. Parliament members were all conservatives.
18.
What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?
A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.
C. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.
19.
Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?
A. They seem to be quite contented.B. They go in for Western fashions.
C. They desire more than modern necessities.D. They favour the use of hi-tech products.
TEXT C
Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of
the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those
days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard's
contemporaries called him
the
English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few
short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries
the
pattern
of
the
fighting
man. In
all
deeds
of
prowess
as well
as
in
large
schemes
of war
Richard
shone.
He was
tall
and
delicately
shaped
strong
in
nerve
and sinew,
and
most
dexterous
in
arms.
He
rejoiced
in
personal
combat,
and
regarded
his
opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but
as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament
was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind
and body.
Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as
ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and
skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking
in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his
likes
and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids
were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he
was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might
have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than
it
was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.
In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King
Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on
the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of
wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold,
had
been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid
siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a
crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of
the arrow- head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier's debt. He prepared for death with fortitude
and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings
among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He
ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner,
to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and
made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now
he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6,
1199, worthy,
by
the consent
of
all
men,
to sit with
King
Arthur
and
Roland
and
other
heroes
of
martial
romance
at
some
Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.
The archer was flayed alive.
20.
A. paid few taxes to himB. gave him little respectC. received little protection from him
D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him
21.
To say that his wife was a
A. spent chiefly at warB. impressive and admirableC. lived too pompouslyD. an empty show
22.
Richard's behaviour as death approached showed.
A. bravery and self-controlB. Wisdom and correctness.C. Devotion and romance.D. Chivalry and charity.
23.
The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was ________.
A. cheated by his own successorsB. determined to take revenge on his enemies
C. more generous to his enemies than his successorsD. unable to influence the behavior of his successors
24.
Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?
A. An aggressive king, too fond of war.B. A
brave king with minor faults.
C. A
competent but cunning soldier.D. A
kind with great political skills.
25.
The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that ________.
A. each presents one side of the pictureB. the first generalizes the second gives examples
C. the second is the logical result of the firstD. both present Richard's virtues and faults
TEXT D
The miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone
agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their
retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the
sudden
impoverishment
of
those
Enron
workers
represents
something
even
larger
than
it
seems.
It's
the
latest
turn
in
the
unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.
The
promise
was
assured
economic
security-even
comfort-for
essentially
everyone
in
the
developed
world.
With
the
explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream
before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days-lack of food warmth, shelter-would at last lose its power to
terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and
separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but
also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility-in some cases the promise-of lifetime
employment plus guaranteed pensions.? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached
life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person's stance
toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I'm on my own. Now it became, Ultimately I'll be taken care of.
The
early
hints
that
this
promise
might
be
broken
on
a
large
scale
came
in
the
1980s.
U.S.
business
had
become
uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions
of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended it's no-layoff policy. A
T&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing
simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were
also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic
bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won't provide social security for any of us.
A
less visible but equally significant trend
a affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away
from
defined
benefit
pension
plans,
which
obligate
them
to
pay
out
specified
amounts
years
in
the
future,
to
defined
contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined- contribution plan
is the 401 (k). the significance of the 401 (k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person's economic fate back on the
employee. Within
limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested-the two
factors that will determine how much it's worth when the employee retires.
Which
brings
us
back
to
Enron?
Those
billions
of
dollars
in
vaporized
retirement
savings
went
in
employees'
401
(k)
accounts. That
is,
the
employees chose
how
much
money
to
put
into
those
accounts
and
then
chose
how
to
invest
it.
Enron
matched a certain proportion of each employee's 401 (k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up
with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match
employee
contributions
at
all.
At
least
two
special
features
complicate
the
Enron case.
First, some shareholders charge
top
management with illegally covering up the company's problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.
Second, Enron's 401 (k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was
falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.
But
by
far the
largest cause
of
this
human
tragedy
is
that
thousands
of
employees
were
heavily
overweighed
in
Enron
stock.
Many
had
placed
100%
of
their
401
(k)
assets
in
the
stock
rather
than
in
the
18
other
investment
options
they were
offered. Of course that wasn't prudent, but it's what some of them did.
The Enron employees'' retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That's why
preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I'll-be-taken-care-of took at
least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won't be complete until a new generation of employees see assured
economic comfort
as
a
20th-century
quirk,
and
understand
not
just
intellectually
but
in
their
bones
that,
like
most
people
in
most times and places, they're on their own
26.
Why
does
the
author
say
at
the
beginning
miserable
fate
of
Enron's
employees
will
be
a
landmark
in
business
history…
A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.
C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.
27.
According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic
comfort have led to a significant change in ________.
A. people's outlook on lifeB. people's life stylesC. people's living standardD. people's social values
28.
Changes in pension schemes were also part of ________.
A. the corporate lay-offsB. the government cuts in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring
D. the warning power of labors unions
29.
Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly because ________.
A. the 401 (k) made them responsible for their own futureB. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.
C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spendingD. Enron's offer was similar to a defined- benefit plan.
30.
Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?
A. 401 (k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.
B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.
C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people's mind.
D. Economic security won't be taken for granted by future young workers.
PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
33.
The Declaration of Independence was written by ________.
A. Thomas Jefferson.B. George Washington.C. Alexander Hamilton.D. James Madison.
35.
Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?
A. Oliver Twist.B. Middlemarch.C. Jane Eyre.D. Wuthering Heights.
36.
William Butler Y
eats was a (n) ________ poet and playwright.
A. American.B. Canadian.C. Irish.D. Australian.
37.
Death of a Salesman
was written by ________.
A. Arthur Miller.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Ralph Ellison.D. James Baldwin.
38.
________ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.
A. Phonology.B. Morphology.C. Semantics.D. Sociolinguistics.
39.
The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT
A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic
40.
The word tail once referred to
of ________.
A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning
PART IV
PROOFREADING
& ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
There is no material in any language today and in the earliest
大
1
家
and → o
r
records of ancient languages show us language in a new and?
大
2
家
show → showing?
emerging
state.
It
is
often
said,
of course,
that
the
language?
大
3
家
the
originated
in
cries
of
anger,
fear,
pain
and
pleasure, and the
大
4
家
an
d → but?
necessary evidence is entirely
lacking: there
are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language
with a large proportion of such cries?
大
5
家
large → lager?
than we find in Engli**. ** is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory
, but in?
大
6
家
in →
on?
other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.
People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that
大
7
家
return →
response?
such
noises
are
similar
on
the
lips
of
Frenchmen
and
Malaysians
whose
languages
are
utterly
different,
serves
to
emphasize on the fundamental difference
大
8
家
on between these noises and language proper. We may say that the cries of
pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to
∧
large extent,
大
9
家
∧
a?
whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional?
大
10
家
th
ese → those?
PART V
TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
暮色中
,
河湾里落满云霞
,
与天际的颜色混合一起
,
分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边
,
在河湾之畔
,
一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来
,
看一眼
这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间
,
在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了
,
他不
知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美
,
让它们长得肥滚滚的
,
像些胖娃娃。如
果走近了
,
会发现它们那可爱的神情
,
洁白的牙齿
,
那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞
,
还会
生出无限的怜悯。
SECTION B
ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic
constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.
At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of
the planet.
Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster
world is not necessarily a safer world.
Our world
is
bursting
with
knowledge-but
desperately
in
need
of wisdom.
Now, when sound
bites
are
getting
shorter,
when
instant
messages
crowd
out
essays,
and when
individual
lives
grow more frenzied,
college
graduates capable
of
deep
reflection are what our world needs.
For
all
these
reasons
I
believed-and
I
believe
even
more
strongly
today-in
the
unique
and
irreplaceable
mission
of
universities.
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)
-GRADE EIGHT
-
TEXT A
The University
in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20
highly
varied
outlooks
on
tomorrow's
universities
by writers
representing
both
Western
and
non-Western
perspectives. Their
essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.
The
most widely
discussed
alternative
to
the
traditional
campus
is
the
Internet
University
–
a
voluntary
community
to
scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout
a country or around the world but all linked
in cyberspace. A
computerized
university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions
of
students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.
Y
et the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar
teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate
the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing
a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a
in a box
and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note
Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.
On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education,
that does not mean greater uniformity in course content-or other dangers-will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also
at work.
Many in academia,
including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university
education.
What
if,
for
instance,
instead
of
receiving
primarily
technical
training
and
building
their
individual
careers,
university
students
and
professors
could
focus
their
learning
and
research
efforts
on
existing
problems
in
their
local
communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become
that
child-care
workers
and
teachers
in
early
childhood
education
should
be
one
of
the
highest
(rather
than
lowest)
paid
professionals?
Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow's university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent
research,
may
take
on
three
new
roles.
Some
would
act
as
brokers,
assembling
customized
degree-credit
programmes
for
individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A
second
group,
mentors, would
function
much
like
today's
faculty
advisers,
but
are
likely
to
be
working
with
many
more
students
outside
their
own
academic
specialty.
This
would
require
them
to
constantly
be
learning
from
their
students
as
well
as
instructing them.
A
third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers:
charismatic sages
and
practitioners
leading
groups
of students/colleagues
in
collaborative
efforts
to
find spiritual
as well
as
rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.
Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options.
Students
may
be
in
courses
offered
at
virtual
campuses
on
the
Internet,
between-or
even
during-sessions
at
a
real-world problem-focused institution.
As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and
thinking
through
alternative
possibilities
can
directly
affect
how
thoughtfully,
creatively
and
urgently
even
a
dominant
technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into
practical, sustainable realities.
11.
When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,
A. he is in favour of itB. his view is balancedC. he is slightly critical of itD. he is strongly critical of it
12.
Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?
A. Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.
B. Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.
C. internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content
D. The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.
13.
According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?
A. Knowledge learning and career building.B. Learning how to solve existing social problems.
C. Researching into solutions to current world problems.
D. Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.
14.
Judging from the Three new roles envisioned for tomorrow's university faculty, university teachers ________.
A. are required to conduct more independent researchB. are required to offer more course to their students……
C. are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD. are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty
15.
Which category of writing does the review belong to?
A. Narration.B. Description.C. persuasionD. Exposition.
TEXT B
Every street had a story
, every building a memory, Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their
hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had
been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.
The town had changed, but then it hadn't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were
gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A
landowner
could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to adjoining
landowners. nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear
reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.
But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all The long shaded streets were as clean and neat
as when Kay roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on
the
new
owners
kept
the
lawns
clipped
and
the
shutters
painted.
Only
a
few
were
being
neglected.
A
handful
had
been
abandoned.
This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays except go to church,
sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.
It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting,
he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he
had played little League
for the
Pirates, and (here was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black
children. There were the churches-Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian-facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm
like
wary
sentries,
their
steeples competing
for
height.
They were
empty
now,
hut
in
an
hour
or
so
the
more
faithful would
gather for evening services.
The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have
attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown
merchants, and there wasn't's single empty or boarded-up building around the square-no small miracle. The retail shops were
mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.
He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some
of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he'd never seen must have
been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's grave, something he hadn't done in years. She was buried
among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.
Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father's study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on
exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give, many decrees and directions, because his father
(who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.
Moving
again,
Ray
passed
the
water
tower
he'd
climbed
twice,
the
second
time
with
the
police
waiting
below.
He
grimaced at his old high school, a place he'd never visited since he'd left it. Behind
it was the football field where his br
other
Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team.
It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday
, May 7. Time for the family meeting.
16.
From the first paragraph, we get the impression that ________.
A. Ray cherished his childhood memories.B. Ray had something urgent to take care of.
C. Ray may not have a happy childhood.D. Ray cannot remember his childhood days.
17.
Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray's hometown?
A. Lifeless.B. Religious.C. Traditional.D. Quiet.
18.
Form the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents was ________.
A. closeB. remoteC. tenseD. impossible to tell
19.
It can be inferred from the passage that Ray's father was all EXCEPT
A. considerateB. punctualC. thriftyD. dominant
TEXT C
Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts
in any other portion of the globe. V
alley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a
maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy
there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation
requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war.
Every man is a warrior, a politician
and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets,
loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family c
ultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud.
The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten,
and
very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate
code of honour has been established and
is on the whole faithfully observed. A
man who knew it and observed it faultlessly
might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technic
al slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the
Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough
to
yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.
Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an
enormous
luxury
and
blessing;
the
second,
an
unmitigated
nuisance.
The
convenience
of
the
rifle
was
nowhere
more
appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A
weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole
new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one's own house and fire at
one's neighbour nearly
a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman
far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore
offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A
steady
flow
of
the
coveted
weapons
spread
its
genial
influence
throughout
the
frontier,
and
the
respect
which
the
Pathan
tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.
The
action
of
the
British
Government
on
the
other
hand was
entirely
unsatisfactory.
The
great
organizing,
advancing,
absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the
plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences
took
place,
followed
at
intervals
by
expeditions
which
toiled
laboriously
through
the
valleys,
scolding
the
tribesmen
and
exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had
a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the
policy
which
the
Government
of
India
long
adhered.
But
towards
the
end
of
the
nineteenth
century
these
intruders
began
to
make
roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by
threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to
road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet,
not to
shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels
took their origin from this source.
20.
The word debts in
A. loansB. accountsC. killingsD. bargains
21.
Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?
A. Melting snows.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys.
22.
According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed ________.
A. the introduction of the rifleB. the spread of British ruleC. the extension of luxuriesD. the spread of trade
23.
Building roads by the British ________.
A. put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB. prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds
C. lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD. gave the Pathans a much quieter life
24.
A
suitable title for the passage would be ________.
A. Campaigning on the Indian frontier.B. Why the Pathans resented the British rule.
C. The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.D. The Pathans at war.
TEXT D
is
a
slippery
word.
It first
meant (in
Greek)
anything
consecrated
to
the
Muses:
a
hill,
a
shrine,
a
garden,
a
festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a
mouseion
, a muses' shrine. Although the Greeks
already collected detached works of art, many temples
–
notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is
still lit)-had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in
the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals;
and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin
by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called
pinacothecae
) and
museum
still more or less meant
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries-which
focused
on
the
gold-enshrined,
bejewelled
relics
of
saints
and martyrs.
Princes,
and
later
merchants,
had
similar
collections,
which became the deposits of natural curiosities:
large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs,
fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems-often antique engraved ones-as well as, increasingly, paintings and
sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles;
they were not
of
the way
of
life
which went
on
inside
them-and
most
of the
buildings
were
public
ones.
However,
during
the
revival
of
antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so
that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Mus
es'
shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the
most famous of such early
In
the
seventeenth
century,
scientific
and
prestige
collecting
became
so
widespread
that
three
or
four
collectors
independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which
produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted
antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in
the first half of the nineteenth century
, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National
Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries
were
built.
In
V
ienna,
the
huge
Kunsthistorisches
and
Naturhistorisches
Museums
took
over
much
of
the
imperial
treasure.
Meanwhile,
the
decline
of
craftsmanship
(and
of
public
taste with
it)
inspired
the
creation
of
collections. The
Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.
25.
The sentence
A. the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century
B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years
C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans
D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections
26.
The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from ________.
A. the RomansB. Florence.C. Olympia.D. Greek.
27.
the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined
A. there was a great demand for fakersB. fakers grew rapidly in number
C. fakers became more skillfulD. fakers became more polite
28.
Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were ________.
A. collected from elsewhereB. made part of the buildings
C. donated by peopleD. bought by churches
29.
Modern museums came into existence in order to ________.
A. protect royal and church treasuresB. improve existing collections
C. stimulate public interestD. raise more funds
30.
Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. Collection and collectors.B. The evolution of museums.C. Modern museums and their functions.
D. The birth of museums.
PART III
General Knowledge (10 min)
35.
Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?
A. T. S. Eliot.B. D. H. Lawrence.C. Theodore Dreiser.D. James Joyce.
36.
The novel
For Whom the Bell Tolls
is written by ________.
A. Scott Fitzgerald.B. William Faulkner.C. Eugene O'Neil.D. Ernest Hemingway.
37.
________ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.
A. Free verse.B. Sonnet.C. Ode.D. Epigram.
38.
What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of ________.
A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymD. context
39.
The words
A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms
40.
The distinction between
parole
and
langue
was made by ________.
A. Halliday.B. Chomsky.C. Bloomfield.D. Saussure.
Part IV
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we
live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as
to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular
message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a
set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his
thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English
speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively
and that which he recognises, increases ill size as he grows
old as a result of education and experience.
大
1
家
大
2
家
大
3
家
大
4
家
大
5
家
Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system
remains no more, than a psychological reality for the individual, unless
he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another
member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a
concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice' two most
common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are
among most striking of human achievements.
大
6
家
大
7
家
大
8
家
大
9
家
大
10
家
________
Part V
Translation (60 min)
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切
,
在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较
为恰当的地位
,
而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷
,
基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的 强弱原是随欲望
与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。 况中国古代素来以不滞于物
,
不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴
,
但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来
,
就小巫见
大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。
On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to
Parliament. He
was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when England's survival was still in doubt.
…
I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We
have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
Y
ou ask, what is our
policy? I say it is to wage by land, sea, and air.
War with all our might and with all the strength God
has
given
us,
and
to wage war
against
a monstrous
tyranny
never surpassed
in
the
dark
and
lamentable
catalogue
of human
crime.
Y
ou ask, what is our aim?
I can answer in one word.
It is victory. V
ictory at all costs
–
victory in spite of all terrors
–
for
without victory there is no survival.
Let
that
be
realized.
No
survival
for
the
British
Empire,
no
survival
for
all
that
the
British
Empire
has
stood
for, no
survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.
I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at
this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, 'Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength'.
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)
-GRADE EIGHT
-
TEXT A
I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the
snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New Y
ork when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched
among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing
factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.
I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by
a banana
cart. He
looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile-Charlie
Chaplin's smile.
He offered me one. I
refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy,
and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow.
ou haven't sold many bananas today, pop,
He shrugged his shoulders.
It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New Y
ork building,
the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great
city stopped for my father's bananas.
Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool.
I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help
my father.
But
I
yelled
and
yelled.
My
father,
standing
by, spoke
occasional
words
of
praise,
and
said
I
was
a wonderful
yeller.
Nobody
else
paid
attention.
The
workers
drifted
past
us wearily,
endlessly;
a
defeated
army
wrapped
in
dreams
of
home.
Elevated
trains
crashed;
the
Cooper
Union
clock
burned
above
us;
the
sky
grew
black, the
wind
poured,
the
slush burned
through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to
buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.
My father tried to stop me at last.
Nu
,
we are unlucky today! Let's go home.
I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave
with him.
11.
A. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed
12.
Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?
A. Thousands of.B. Flowed.C. Pouring.D. Unyoked.
13.
Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?
A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.
C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.
14.
Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?
A. Compassionate.B. Responsible.C. Shy.D. Determined.
15.
What is the theme of the story?
A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.
C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.
16.
What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?
A. Indifferent.B. Sympathetic.C. Appreciative.D. Difficult to tell.
TEXT C
In his classic novel,
the
city
he
is
building.
He
describes
the
broad
streets,
rows
of
houses,
a teeming
metropolis.
But
his
cousin
looks
around
bewildered. All she sees is a forest.
astonished she can't see them.
his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.
Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point
of
the
future;
the freedom
to feel
unencumbered
by
the
past
and
more
emotionally
attached
to
things
to
come.
As
Albert
Einstein once said,
Life for the American is always becoming, never being.
In 2012, America will still be the place where the future
happens first, for that is the nation's oldest tradition.
The early
Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were
inspired by vision of future glories, God's kingdom on earth. The
early pioneers would sometimes travel past perfectly good farmland, because they were convinced that even more amazing land
could be found over the next ridge.
The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new
nation on earth. The railroad speculators envisioned magnificent fortunes built on bands of iron. It's now fashionable to ridicule
the
visions
of
dot
–
com
entrepreneurs
of
the
1990s,
but
they
had
inherited
the
urge
to
leap
for
the
horizon.
Future
is
endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation,
This future
–
mindedness explains many modern features of American life. It explains workaholism: the average American
works
350
hours
a
year
more
than
the
average
European.
Americans
move
more,
in
search
of
that
brighter
tomorrow,
than
people
in other lands.
They also, sadly, divorce more,
for the same reason
. Americans adopt new technologies such as online
shopping
and credit cards
much
more
quickly
than
people
in
other countries.
Forty-five
percent
of world
Internet
use
takes
place in the United States.
Even today, after the bursting on the stock-market bubble, American venture- capital firms
–
which
are in the business of betting on the future
–
dwarf the firms from all other nations.
Future- mindedness
contributes
to
the
disorder
in
American
life,
the
obliviousness
to
history,
the
high
rates
of
family
breakdown, the frenzied waste of natural recourses. It also leads to incredible innovations. According to the Y
ale historian Paul
Kennedy,
75
percent
of
the
Nobel
laureates
in
economics
and
the sciences
over recent
decades
have
lived
or worked
in
the
United States. The country remains a magnet for the future-minded from other nations.
One in 12 Americans has enjoyed the
thrill
and
challenge
of starting
his
own
business.
A
study
published
in
the Journal
of
International
Business
Studies
i
n
2000
showed that innovative people are spread pretty evenly throughout the globe, but Americans are most comfortable with risk.
Entrepreneurs in the US are more likely to believe that they possess the ability to shape their own future than people in, say
,
Britain, Australia or Singapore.
If the 1990s were a great decade of future- mindedness, we are now in the midst of a season of experience. It seems cooler
to be skeptical, to
pooh
–
pooh
all those IPO suckers who lost their money betting on the telecom future.
But the world is not
becoming
more
French.
By
2012,
this
period
of chastisement will
likely
have
run
its
course,
and
future-mindedness will
be
back in vogue, for better or worse.
We
don't
know
exactly
what
the
next future-minded
frenzy will
look
like.
We
do
know
where
it will
take
place:
the
American suburb. In 1979, three quarters of American office space were located in central cities. The new companies, research
centers
and
entrepreneurs
are
flocking
to
these
low
buildings
near
airports,
highways
and the
Wal-Mart
malls,
and
they
are
creating
a
new
kind
of
suburban
life.
There
are
entirely
new
metropolises
rising
–
boom
suburbs
like
Mesa,
Arizona,
that
already have more people than Minneapolis or St. Louis. We are now approaching a moment in which the majority of American
office space, and the hub of American entrepreneurship, will be found in quiet office parks in places like Rockville, Maryland,
and in the sprawling suburbosphere around Atlanta.
We also know that future-mindedness itself will become the object of greater study. We are discovering that there are many
things that human beings do easily that computers can do only with great difficulty, if at all. Cognitive scientists are now trying
to decode the human imagination, to understand how the brain visualizes, dreams and creates.
And we know, too, that where
there is future-mindedness there is hope.
20.
The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the ________ perspective.
A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present
21.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?
A. Economic stagnation.B. Environmental destruction.C. High divorce rates.D. Neglect of history
.
22.
The word
A. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule
23.
According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.
A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features
24.
The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus on ________.
A. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to
TEXT D
25.
The phrase
A. are confident in their ability to charm womenB. take the initiative in courtship
C. have a clear idea of what is considered
26.
The third paragraph does NOT claim that men ________.
A. prevent women from taking up certain professionsB. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution
C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies
27.
The third paragraph ________.
A. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraph
C. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph
28.
At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to ________.
A. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphs
C. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing
29.
The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph ________.
A. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behave
C. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer
30.
The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author ________.
A. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changing
PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
35.
The novel Emma is written by ________.
A. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Bronte.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.
36.
Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?
A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G
. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.
37.
William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for ________.
A. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels
38.
Syntax is the study of ________.
A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation
39.
Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.
40.
The speech act theory was first put forward by ________.
A. John Searle.B. John Austin.C. Noam Chomsky
.D. M. A. K. Halliday.
Part IV
Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)
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The University as Business
A
number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common
stock. I am skeptical. A
business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects,
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses.
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the
athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best
athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier
from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,
the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by
agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely
of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best
customer.
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义
,
这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是
,
大体上看一
个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真
,
看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何
,
也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的
估计了。
古来一切有成就的人
,
都很严肃地对待自己的生命
,
当他活着一天
,
总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习
,
不肯虚
度年华
,
不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
It is simple enough to say that since books have
–
classes fiction, biography, poetry
–
we should separate them and take
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
孔道-miss什么意思
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