立军Competition 非英语专业研究生英语读写教程

2021年1月19日发(作者：radwimps)
competition
In Compassion and Self Hate'I wrote about how competition is a form of self-hate and how our culture has
come
to
believe
that
competition
brings
out
the
best
in
people.I
still
believe
that
it
brings
out
the

is
intimately linked to envy,jealousy,and paranoia,and blocks evolvement and development of ultimately has a
depleting and deadening effect on self as its unrelenting demands are met and self-realizing needs are ignored.
在《同情与自我憎恨》中，我写到了竞争是自我憎恨的一种形 式，以及我们的文化是如何让我们相信
竞争能激发出人们最好的一面。我仍然相信它会带来最坏的结果。 它与嫉妒、嫉妒和偏执密切相关，并阻
碍自我的进化和发展。它最终会对自我产生消耗和抑制的效果，因 为它无情的需求被满足了，而自我实现
的需求被忽视了。

In
competition,the
focus
of
one's
life
is
essentially
outside
one's

use
of
our
time
and
energy
is
determined
by
our
competitors
rather
than
by
our
own
selves
and
our
own
real

weakens
our
own
sense of identity,and to compensate for this ever-increasing feeling of emptiness and vulnerability we compete
still
more,completing
a
self-depleting
cycle. When
enough
depletion
takes
place
to
preclude
further
在竞争中， 一个人的生活重心基本上在自我之外。我们的时间和精力的使用是由我们的竞争对手决定
的，而不是由我 们自己和我们自己的真正需要决定的。这削弱了我们自己的认同感，为了弥补这种不断增
长的空虚感和脆 弱感，
我们会更多地竞争，
完成一个自我消耗的循环。
当足够的消耗发生，
阻 止进一步的
“
成
功
”
竞争，我们感到绝望和无用，我们的生活似乎没 有目的了。

Despite talking about good sportsmanship,competition is totally incompatible with the kind of easy aliveness
that is the aim of this flourishes in an atmosphere of high stimulation and vindictive rewards
and
goals
are
immediate
and
short- lived,and
self-glorification
guarantees
virtual
exclusion
of

destroys
our
inner
sense
of
autonomy
and
stability
and
is
also
destructive
to
outside
relationships
and
to
real
communication. Competitive friction is inimical to kindness,and without kindness a self- enriching philosophy is
e
protestations
and
reassurances
about
competition
are
not

good
competitors
say
comes
from
competition
is
based
on
someone
else's
feeling

this
good
last
because
it
is
based
upon
putting
the
next
fellow
down
rather
than
on
a
sustained strengthening of yourself--- through competition becomes addictive.
尽管谈到了良 好的体育精神，但竞争与这种精神是完全不相容的，这就是这本书的目的。它在高度刺
激和报复性的胜利 气氛中蓬勃发展。它的回报和目标是立刻并且短暂的，自我荣耀确保了对自我实现的实
质排斥。它破坏了 我们内心的自主性和稳定性，也破坏了外部关系和真正的交流。竞争性的摩擦对善意是
有害的，没有善意 ，自我充实的哲学是不可能的。尽管一再宣称和保证
“
友好竞争
”
，但对手并 不友好。竞
争者说对于竞争
“
感觉良好
”
是建立在别人感觉不好上。 这种
“
感觉良好
”
不会持续太久，因为它是建立在贬
低别人的基础上 的，而不是建立在你自己的不断加强上的
---
通过自我实现。所以竞争让人上瘾。

Competition
is
a
residual
of
a
primitive
past,and
it
is
not
a
genetic

is
passed
on
to
us
through
training in our society from generation to training starts early and can usually be seen very early
sibling
rivalry.I
do
not
believe
that
rivalry
among
children
of
the
same
family
is
instinctual.I
believe
that
it
is
engendered by parents who themselves were victims of victims':they may convey the competitive motif blatantly
or so subtly that it is not readily themselves are caught in the same trap-they spend enormous time
and energy getting ahead of the Joneses.
竞 争是原始历史的残余，而不是遗传的残余。它通过我们社会中的训练代代相传。这种训练很早就开
始了， 经常很早就可以看到兄弟姐妹之间的竞争。我不认为同一家庭的孩子之间的竞争是他们的本能。我
相信这 是由那些自己也是受害者的父母们所引起的
:
他们可能会公然地或如此微妙地传达竞争的主题， 并且
这点不容易被察觉。他们自己也被困在同样的陷阱里
——
他们花费大量的时间和精 力超越和他们地位差不
多的人。

Small wonder so many children are pressured into Little League or equivalent competitive structures-all with
rationalization
that
this
will
promote
their
self-development,well- being,and
ly
these
activities
and
organizations nearly always serve as vicarious vehicles designed to satisfy parental craving for competitive success.
People brought up in this way feel lost if they are suddenly thrust into a situation of low competitive
exist to compete and they've lost their raison d'etre',so they invent hierarchies and games to provide the simulation
they
need
to
the
motor
running”,even
if

these
inventions
are
ultimately
destructive
to
inner
peace
and
personal health.
难怪如此多的孩子被迫进入少年棒球联盟或类似的竞争性 组织
——
所有这些都合理化，这将促进他们的自
我发展，幸福和健康。实际上，这些活 动和组织几乎总是作为替代工具来满足父母对竞争成功的渴望。以
这种方式长大的人，如果突然被推入一 个低竞争压力的环境，他们会感到失落。他们的存在是为了竞争，
他们已经失去了存在的理由，所以他们 发明了等级制度和游戏来模拟他们需要去
“
保持竞争
”
，即使这些发
明最终会破坏内心的平静和个人的健康。

I am reminded of my own medical school experience in Lausanne,Switzerland.I was part of a group of about
eighty
Americans
studying
at
the
medical
faculty
of
the
university
at
that

system
was
who were qualified were accepted into the consisted of people who received
passing
grades
in
the
required
premedical
or
foundation

series
of
examinations-one
in
the
basic
sciences
one
and
one
half
years
after
admission,and
the
other
after
studies
were
completed-determined
qualification
for
ts
were
allowed
to
postpone
these
examinations
as
long
as
they
felt
was
pass,students were required to demonstrate adequate knowledge of the material. The atmosphere was
totally benevolent and without the presence of any coercion or intimidation
was no
students were not graded relative to each other.
这让我想起了自己在瑞士洛桑医学 院的经历。我是当时在大学医学院学习的大约
80
名美国人中的一
员。这个系统是非竞 争性的。合格的人被学校录取了。这些人包括在医学预科或基础课程中取得及格成绩
的人。
两个 系列的考试
——
一个是入学后一年半的基础科学考试，
另一个是完成学业后的考试——
决定了毕
业的资格。学生被允许推迟考试，只要他们觉得有必要。为了通过考试，学生 们被要求证明对材料有足够
的认识。气氛非常友好，没有任何胁迫或恐吓。没有
“
曲线
”
，学生之间也没有相对的评分。

The
Swiss
students
exhibited
great
camaraderie
among
themselves,helped
each
other,and
for
the most
part
demonstrated
great
proficiency
in
grasping
and
integrating
the

were
no

surprise
quizzes
or

there
were
no
examinations
at
all,other
than
the
two
sets
of
standardized
government
ements
for
passing
the
examinations
were
well
defined
for
ction
was
superb.

瑞士学生之间表现出极大的同学情谊，
互相帮助，
在很大程度上表明了他们对材料的掌握和整合能力。
没有任何
“
花 招
”
，没有突击测验或考试。事实上，除了两套标准化的政府考试之外，根本就没有考试。通< br>过考试的要求对每个人都有明确的规定。这种教导很棒。

We
Americans
arrived
as
graduates
of
a
highly
competitive
,many
of
us
arrived
as
refugee
victims
of
that
system.
We
were
all
qualified
to
attend
medical
school
inasmuch
as
all
of
us
had
satisfactorily
completed bachelor degrees in the premedical courses necessary for medical of us had fair grades in
the
premedical
courses,some
good
grades,and
some

of
us
had
been
admitted
to
an
American
medical school. Some had been excluded because of the Jewish quota was quite prevalent in our own country at
that
time;some
because
we
had
gone
to
the
schools”;some
of
us
for
receiving
good

but
not
perfect
grades;and some of us for all three reasons.
我们美国人毕业于竞争激烈的体制。事实上，我们许多人是作为这一制 度的难民受害者抵达的。我们
都有资格上医学院，因为我们都圆满地完成了医学院必要的医学预科课程的 学士学位。我们中有些人在医