恢复体力翻译论文摘要引言

2021年1月19日发(作者：印度国民大会党)












































.
The pseudobulbs and subterranean organs (roots and rhizomes) of Eulophia
epidendraea, and Malaxis acuminata in subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)
were investigated to determine morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal
occurrence.
（研究兰科树兰亚科的
Eulophia epidendraea
（黄花美冠兰）和

Malaxis
acumin ata
（沼兰属浅裂沼兰）的假鳞茎和地下器官（根和根茎）以确定其形态，
结构和真菌菌根的 发生）

The examined sections showed the following common anatomi-cal
characteristics.
（被研究的切片显示以下几个相同的结构特点）

The pseudobulbs had a uniseriate epidermis. The assimilatory cells were
scattered in the form of mucilage/water storage cells in the ground tissue.
（假鳞茎有单层表皮，同化细胞以粘液或蓄水细胞的形式分散在基本组织中）

The
vascular
bundles
were
collateral
and
embedded
in
the
ground
tissue.
Raphides occurred as idioblasts.
维管束并行嵌入到基本组织中。针晶体发生在异细胞中。


Rhizomes
had
an
uniseriate
epidermis,
parenchymatous
ground
tissue
differentiated
into
outer
and
inner
zones
with
polygonal
intercellular
spaces.
Vascular bundles scattered, collateral and discontinuous form in both the taxa.
Aeration cells were present in roots and rhizomes of M. Acuminata.
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根状茎有单层表皮，
薄壁基本组织分为含多边形细胞间隙的内区和外区。
维管束
以分散 、并行和不连续形式存在于两个类群中。通气细胞存在于
M.
Acuminata
（沼兰属浅裂沼兰）
.
的根和根状茎。

The transverse section of E. epidendraea roots had multi-layered velamen with
spiral
thickening
followed
by
uniseriate
exodermis
with
that
had
webbed
tilosomes.
The
parenchymatous
cortex
contained
raphides
and
water
storage
cells.
Vascular
bundles
were
11
–
15
arched.
Roots
of
M.
acuminata
had
an
uniseriate
velamen,
exodermis,
parenchyma-tous
cortex,
endodermis
and
pericycle. The vascular
bundles were radially arranged, and 11
–
12 arched. The
xylem and phloem were embedded in sclerenchymatous tissue.









draea
（黄花美冠兰）
根的横切面有 多层螺旋加厚的根被，
其次是有
webbed
tilosomes.
单层的 外皮。薄壁皮质包含针晶体和储水细胞。维管束为
11-15
个拱形排列。

M. Acuminata
（沼兰属浅裂沼兰）的根有单层膜，外皮层、
薄壁皮层、< br>内皮层和中柱鞘。
维管束
11-12
个拱形呈放射状排列。
木质部和韧 皮
部嵌入到厚壁组织。

The
entry
of
the
mycorrhizal
fungi
was
chiefly
through
root
hairs
in
roots
and
epidermis
in
rhizomes
of
M.
acuminata,
and
in
E.
epidendraea.
Fungi
formed
pelotons in both the taxa and microsclerotia and monilioid cells in the root cortex
of E. epidendraea. Additionally, Glomus- type vesicles were occasionally present
in
the
roots
of
M.
Acuminata.
Description
of
characteristics
arising
from
this
investigation
may
provide
additional
morphological
and
anatomical
means
of
identification.
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.
菌根真菌的进入主要是通过

M. acuminata,
和
E. epidendraea
根的根毛
.
根状茎的
表皮。两个类群中都有真菌形成的菌丝团，
E. Epidendraea.
的根皮质中有微菌核
和骨髓细胞。
此外，
M. a cuminata
的根中偶尔出现球型囊泡。
这次研究所产生的
特性可以提供额外的形 态和解剖的识别方法。




















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1.

Introduction

Orchidaceae,
is
one
of
the
ecologically
and
morphologically
most
diverse
families among flowering plants. It is the second largest plant family comprising
of about 800 genera and more than 24,000 species world-wide (
Fay and Chase,
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.
2009).
The
production
of
non-endospermous
seeds,
one
of
the
distinctive
features of the family (Werker, 1997) requires association with mycorrhizal fungi
for ger- mination and development during the early stages of the life cycle (Smith
and
Read,
2008).
Orchids
are
divided
into
five
subfamilies:
Apostasioideae,
Vanilloideae,
Cypripedioideae,
Orchidoideae
and
Epidendroideae
(Chase
et
al.,
2003, 2015), and have diverse life-forms each with variously modified vegetative
and floral structures.

1
引言


兰花是开花植物中 生态和形态最多样的家族之一，
它是第二大植物家族，
在世界
各地上约有
80 0
属
24000
余种
(
Fay and Chase, 2009)
非胚乳种子生产家族鲜明的
特点之一

(Werker, 1997)
是需要在生命周期中的早期阶段联合真菌菌根的萌发
和发育

(Smith and Read, 2008)
兰科分为五个亚科：拟兰亚科，
Vanilloideae,
Cypripedioideae
,
兰亚科，
树兰亚科
(Chase et al., 2003, 2015),
有各种改良植物

和
花结构的不同生命形式。


Species
are
fully
or
partially
mycoheterotrophic
(largely
dependent
on
mycorrhiza for
carbon
supply), terrestrial,
epiphytic or epilithic, are sensitive to
habitat disturbance, degradation and fragmenta-tion, and in India represented
by 1331 species belonging to 186 genera (
Misra, 2007
). Terrestrial orchids have
creeping, fibrous or fleshy rhizomes, and roots with varied functions (
Sevgi et al.,

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.
2012
)
.
The function of roots in terrestrial orchids includes: nutri-ent absorption
and
substrate
fixation,
storage
as
in
tuber-like
roots,
and
roots
specialized
in
storage, absorption, and fixation (
Dressler,

1981
)
.

物种是完全或部分

mycoh eterotrophic
（绝大部分取决于菌根碳供应）陆生，附
生或石生对生境破坏，退化 ，破碎是敏感的，在印度有
1331
个种隶属于
186
个
属，
(
Misra, 2007
)
陆地兰花有匍匐状，
纤维状或肉质根茎，并且根具有多种功能。
(
Sevgi et al.,

2012
)
.
在陆地兰花中根的功能包括：
营养吸收和底物固定，
块茎状根
的存储，根专门存储，吸收和固定
(
Dressler,

1981
)
.




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.
Anatomical description assists in understanding physiological processes as well
as phylogenetic relationships (
Yeung, 1998; Liu and Zhu, 2011
),
and
aids in plant
identification
when
floral
or
veg-etative
traits
are
not
available
(
Chase
and
Palmer, 1989; Dengler,

2002
)
. Stern and Carlsward (2006)
suggested

anatomy as
a
mean

in
examining
relationships
to
evolve
a
stable
systematic
classifica-tion
and to solve taxonomic problems among taxa. For example,




解剖学上的描述有助于理解生理过程以及系统发育关系，
(
Yeung, 1998; Liu
and Zhu, 2011
),
在植物识别中，当花或植物的性状是不可用时
(
Chase and
Palmer, 1989; Dengler,

2002
)
. Stern and Carlsward (2006)
建议解剖作为一种研
究关系的方法 以发展稳定的系统分类并解决类群的分类问题。
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