罐头的英文非谓语动词用法具体讲解

2021年1月19日发(作者：中国的英文怎么写)
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非谓语动词用法具体讲解（
1
）



非谓语 动词是英语中一个重要的语法点，也是一个难点。非谓语动词按传统语法分类，有不定式、
动名词和分词 。对非谓语动词在某些方面所具有的相同的语法功能作一番比较，尤其是从它们的内涵上进
行区分是很有 必要的。这里从他们的成分不同进行
详细讲解：

1.
动名词和不定式都可以作主语，两者所表达的意思是一样的。
例如：

To see is to believe.

Seeing is believing.

不过，使用动名词时，通常暗示说话者曾经做过某事，有过某种体会， 使用不定式时，可能仅表示说
话者的看法。试比较：

Going to college was difficult for me.

上大学对我来说是困难的。（说话者曾考过大学，固有此体会）

To go to college is difficult.

上大学是困难的。（说话者仅仅提出看法）

2
.
动名词短语和不定 式短语都可以
it
用作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动名词短语和不定式短语
放在后 面，一般可以互换
。例如：

It takes half an hour for me to
go from here to my home.

It takes half an hour my going from here to my home.

一般来说，在此类句子中用不定式作真正主语的比较多，而动名词作真正主语的请 况，常见于
no
good,no use(
或
useless),worthwhile,a ous....
等词作表语的句子中。例如：

It is no good your waiting here.

It is no use asking him about it.

It is worthwhile learning another language.

It's a waste of time arguing about it.

It's dangerous playing with fire.

3.
动名词能在
There is no....
否定结构中作主语。例如：

There is no joking about such a serious matter.

There is no knowing whether he will agree to our plan.

在上述句型中，动名词不能带逻辑主语，也不能与不定式替换，如不能说：

There is no your joking with him.
或
There is no to joke with him.

4.
在疑问句中，句首总用动名词，而不用不定式。例如：

Does our saying that mean anything to him?

Is his saying true?

二、作表语。

1.
动名词和 不定式都可以作表语，正象它们作主语一样，很难说出它们之间严格的语义差别，可以互
换。一般而言， 在表示比较抽象的一般行为，多用动名词，在表示具体某动作，特别是将来的动作时，多
用不定式。例如 ：

Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.

This is foe him to decide.

His wish is to be a doctor.

2.
分词也可 作表语，此时分词相当于形容词，因此分词不能代之以动名词或不定式。例如：

The news was exciting.

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The time is pressing.

动名词 和不定式做表语时，
起名词的作用。
因此可以和主语换位，
而分词作表语时，
起形容词的作用，
不能和主语换位。例如：我们能将

duty
is
serving
the
people
heart
and
soul.
换为

the
people heart and soul is our duty.
但是我们不能把

换成

time.

3.
主语如果是动名词，则表语也用动名词，主语如果是不定式，表语也用不定式，不能交叉。（仅指
同时使用动名词或不定式作主语和表语的情况）。例如：

Seeing is beliving.
或
To see is to belive

而不能说
Seeing is to belive.
或
To see is beliving.

4.
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，都能作表语，但现在 分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征（
A
），
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态（
B
）。

非谓语动词用法具体讲解
(2)

(A)The news is very surprising.



The situation is encouraging.



The food smells inviting.

(B)My brother is quit interested in maths.



She looked disappointed.

5.
动词“be＋过去分词”这个结构有时可能是
be
＋

表语，
有时可能是被动语态结构。
这两者的主要
区别是：带表语的结构表示主语的特征 或所处的状态，被动语态结构仅表示一个动作。例如：

The library is niw closed.

The library is usually closed at six.

The house is surrounded with trees.

The enemy was soon surranded by us.

6.
动词

“be＋现在分词”这个结构，有时可能是be
＋表语，有时可能是谓语动词进行体结构。这两
种结构的主要区别是：带表语的结构表 示主语的特征或补充说明主语的内容（
A
），谓语动词进行体结构
仅说明主语正在进行 的动作（
B
）。例如：

(A)His hobby is collecting stamps.



The earth is spinning round all the time.

(B)He is collecting stamps.



I was doing morning exercises at 7:00 this morning.

7.
值得注意的是不定式结构做表语时通常带
to
，
但在主语部分 具有一个动作动词
do
时，
不定式也可
省略
to
。这个do
可以是限定动词形式，也可以是非限定动词形式，而且不论什么时体形式都可以。例如：

All I did was empty the bottle.

All you do is talk about cars.

All she seems to do is gossip with the neighbours.

The only thing I can do now is go on by himself.

What I really wanted to do was drive all night.

(
但
what
引导的主语从句中，如果
do
是进行体形式，则表语必须用动名词。例如：

What he's dong is spoiling the whole thing.)

三、作宾语。

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动名词和不定式均可以在一些动词后面作宾语，但有两种情况：

（一）在某些动词后 只能接不定式，如：
wish,decide,hope,refuse,want,agree,ca re,choose
等
,
或
只能接动名词作宾语，如：
finish ,enjoy,mind,suggest,practise,keep,avoid
等，还有些动词 词组，如：
keep on,go on,cannot help
等。

(
二）在有些动词，如：
begin,start,continue,attempt,in tend,plan,need,want,

require,desire,cannot help,leave off,hate,try,like,love,prefer,propose,mean,

remember,forget,stop,go
on
等后面既可以用不定式作宾 语（个别例外），也可以用动名词，视具体情况
比较如下：

1.
一般说来< br>begin,start,continue
后面跟动名词还是不定式没有什么区别。但是
know,

understand,see,realize, recognize
等表示知觉的词作宾语时，只能用不定式。例如：

He began to understand the importance of combining theory with practice.

He began to realize his mistakes.

,like,hate,prefer
后面跟动名词多 表示习惯和经常性的动作，跟不定式多表示一次具体的动
作。

例如：

I like swimming.

He prefers to walk rather than ride in a bus.

3.
在下列情况下要用不定式。

(A)
在
would like (love,hate,prefer)
后表示一个特定的新动作，或
Would you like...?
的句型时。
例如：

I'd hate to work with him.

Would you like to go with me?

非谓语动词用法具体讲解
(3)
当谓语动词已用于进行体时。例如：

It's beginning to rain.

I'm starting to work on my essay .

We are proposing to start at eight.

4.
在
remember,forget,regre
后面跟动名词与不定式 意义不同。跟动名词时，说明动名词的动作先于
谓语的动作，跟不定式时，指不定式动作后于谓语动词的 动作。例如：

I remember posting the letter.

Don't forget to remind him of this afternoon's meeting.

I'll remember to bring it back.

I regret to say that he can't come to help you.

I regretted saying this.

5.
在
need,want
之后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不 定式的被动态，意义并无差别，但
用动名词较为普遍。例如：

The radio needs repairing.
或
The radio needs to be repaired.

The shoes want mending.
或
The shoes want to be mended.

He needs to look after.
（＝
He needs to be looked after.
）

*rewuire,deserve
也能这样用，但不及
need,want
普遍。例如：

His letter requires answering to be answered immediately.

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The little boy deserves rewarding to be rewarded.

6.< br>在
attempt,intend,plan
等动词后用不定式结构比用动名词结构多见 。例如：

Don't attempt to do (doing) it by yourself.

She didn't intend to pay (paying) the bill this month.

Mr Smith planned to take (taking) a holiday abroad.

7.
在
try,cannot help,propose,mean,stop,leave off,go on
后用动名词还是不定式取决于它们本身
的含义和用法。试比较如下：

(1)He tried to write better.



He tried writing with a brush.

(2)I couldn't help finishing it.



I couldn't help to finish it.

(3)I propose to leave for Shanghai at the beginning of next month.



He proposed putting off the discussion.

(4)I mean to get there before sunset.



We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class.

(5)They stopped talking.



They stopped to talk.

(6)They left off finishing.



They left off to fish.

(7)He went on explaining the text.



He went on to tell a story about Einstein.

四、用
it
作形式宾语。

动名词（或复合结构）和不定式（或复合 结构）在某些动词，如：
find,consider,think,

count, know,believe,judge,imagine,feel,guess,prove,make,r ealize,see,understand,take,suppose
后作宾语尚需要一个形容 词（或名词）作宾语补足语，意思才能完整，此时要用
it
作形式宾语，而动名
词（或 复合结构）或不定式（或复合结构）则在它的补语后面出现。

1.
一般说来，使用动 名词和不定式，其意义一样，但在表示抽象的一般行为时，多用动名词。而表示
某一次行为，特别是将来 的行为时，多用不定式。例如：

He found it necessary (for him) to work hard at English.

We consider it wrong knowing him

非谓语动词用法具体讲解
(4)

2.
当宾语不足语是
no good,no use,no help,useless,dangerous,no sense,senseless,

waste
等时，真正的宾语多为动名词。例如：

I think it no good talking again about it.

I find it a waste of time watching TV all night.

3.< br>动名词比较短的时候，能有两种形式。即可用
it
作它的形式宾语，也可直接用动名词做 宾语，但
不定式只能用
it
作它的形式宾语。例如：

We consider meeting her foolish.

*
如果改成不定式结构，就只能用后一种形式。

We cosider it foolish to meet her.