1682译林英语八年级上册语法复习及练习含答案

2021年1月20日发(作者：蓝球之家)

一、

情态动词的用法

（一）

情态动词的类型

1
、

2
、

3
、

4
、

只做情态动词的有：
mus t
、
can
（
could
）、
may
（
m ight
）

可做情态动词也可做实义动词的有：
need
可做情 态动词也可做助动词的有：
will
（
would
）、
shall< br>（
should
）

可做情态动词的某些特征的有：
have to
、
ought to
（二）

情态动词的特征

1
、

有一定的词义，
但不能单独做谓语，
必须和行为动词 或系动词连用，
构成谓语：

must
home
（
X
）

must go home
（√）

2
、

无人称和数的变化（
have to
）例外，用于第三人称单数时用
has to
We must stay there.




He must stay there.
We have to walk home.



He has to walk home.
3
、

4
、

后接动词原形：
She may lose her way
具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语

Can you sing an English song ?

Yes, I can.
（三）

情态动词的用法

1
、
can
、
could
的用法

（
1
）

表示能力，译为：能，会。如：

Can you play basketball?
你会打篮球么？

（
2
）

表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句当中，如：

He can
’
t be in the room.
他不可能在房间里。

（
3
）

表请求或允许，多用于口语，意为“可以”，相当于
may
。如：

You can(may) go now.
你现在可以走了。

（
4
）

could
是
can
的过去式，可以表示过去的能力。如：

I could swim when I was seven years old.
（
5
）

以
can
开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答 和否定回答分别用
can
和
can
’
t
。

2
、
may
（过去式
might
）的用法

（
1
）表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。如：

He may come tomorrow.
他明天可能会来。

（
2
）表请求、许可，意为“可以“。如：

May I borrow your book?
我可以借用你的书么？

注意：
ma y
表请求，用于
主语为第一人称
的一般疑问句时，
其否定回答用
mu stn
’
t
，不用
may not
，意为“不可以，不许，禁止“，如：


1

May I go now?
——
No, you mustn
’
t
不可以
/ Yes, you may(can).
是，可以。


（
3
）①表祝愿。如：
May you succeed.
祝你成功







②表示推测，意为一定，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用
can
，否定句
也用
may
，但
may not
表示可能不，而
can
’
t
表示不可能。如：

——
T
here’s someone knocking on the door.
有人在敲门。

——
It must be Jim.
肯定是吉姆。

注意
：在否定句中，
mustn
’
t
表示禁止，意为不允许。以
must
开头的疑问句，肯定回答用
must< br>，而否定回答则常用
needn
’
t
或者
don
’< br>t have to
，意为不必，而不用
mustn
’
t
。如：

——
Must I finish the work today?
我今天必须完成工作么？

——
No
，
you needn
’
t/ you don
’
t have to.
不，你不必

（
4
）
对
need
词性的判 断：
need
后加
to do
说明
need
为实义动词，< br>用助动词提问或否定；
need
后加
doing
表被动；若
n eed
后加动词原形，则
need
为情态动词，用
need
提问或否 定，肯定
回答用
must
，否定回答用
needn
’
t。如：

You
needn’t come to school so early.
你不必这么早来学校。

5
、

had better
的用法

had better+
动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用
had better not do sth
6
、

shall
（
should
）、< br>will
（
would
）的用法

（
1
）

shall
用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。用于第二、三人称，表示命令如：

Shall I open the window
？

我打开窗户好么？

Shall we have lunch here
？我们在这儿吃饭好么？

You shall listen to the teacher in class.
课堂上你必须听讲。


（
2
）

should
常用来表示义务、责任。如：

We should obey traffic laws.
我们应该遵守交通规则。

（
3
）

will
用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的意愿。如：

Will you pass me the book?
你能把这本书递给我么？

（
4
）

would
用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。如：

Would you tell me the way to the station
？你能告诉我去东站的路么？

7
、

易混点清单

（
1
）

can
和
be able to
can
和
be able to
表示能力时用法相同，
can
只用于现在时和过去式
（
coul d
），但
be able to
表示经过努力后，能够做到
有现在时，过去时和将来时
。如：

We will be able to come back next week.
我们下周能回来。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.

2

J
im couldn’t speak Chinese last year
, but now he can. Jim
去年不会说中文但今年会。

（
2
）

can
和
may
表示可能性的区别

①

在肯定句中用
may
表可能。如：

You had better ask the policeman. He may know.
你最好问问警察，他可能知道。

②

在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示不可能时用
can not
，若语气不肯定，表

示可能不时用
may not
。

Mr Li can
’
t be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.
李老师不可能在，
他去北京度假了。

（
3
）

could
，
should
，< br>would
，
might
表示委婉语气

could
，
should
，
would
，
might
等过去式有时不 表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气，如：

Would you tell me the way to the park?
你能告诉我去公园的路么？

（
4
）

maybe
和
may be
m ay
为情态动词，后面跟动词原形
be
，用在句中。
Maybe
为副 词，“大概，也许”，相当
于
perhaps
，用于句首。

（
5
）

can
’
t
和
mustn
’
t
表否定推 测时应用
can
’
t
，
mustn
’
t
表 达“禁止，不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯
定句中
must
表推测，意为“ 一定”。

①

——
Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you, Dad?



D

——
No
，
you_
________, son. You’re free to
make your own decision.
A.

can’t





B. mustn’t







C. shouldn’t




D. needn’t

②

——
Is Mr Brown driving here?





A
——
I’m not sure. He_______ come by train.

A.

may




B. shall




C. need



D. must
③

——
Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King?


D
——
No, it_______ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.
A.

can




B. may



C. must




D. can’t

B
1
．
May I stop my car here? No, you_______.
A. can't


B. mustn't

C. needn't

D. don't have to
A
2. Must we clean the house now? No, you _______.
A. needn't

B. may not

C. mustn't

D. can't
C
3. John_____ his father about his failure in the exam.
A. dares not tell

B. dares not telling


C. dare not tell


D. dares not to tell
C
4. You___ return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.
A. can't



B. mustn't

C. needn't


D. may not
3

B
5. Johnny, you______ play with the knife, you___hurt yourself.
A. won't...can't

B. mustn't...may


C. shouldn't, must

D. can't...shouldn't
D
6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______ get out.
A. had to

B. would

C. could


D. was able to
C
7. Would you go out for a walk with me? No, I ____. My girl friend is coming.
A. wouldn't


B. shall not


C. won't
D. shouldn't
A
8. Man_____ die without water.
A. will


B. can


C. need


D. shall
D
9. If he started at 9 0'clock, he_____ be there by now.
A. need


B. shall


C. ought to


D. must
D
10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She _____it.
A. must receive

B. can't receive


C. might receive

D. must have received
A
professor gave orders that the experiment _____ before 5:30p.m.
A. be finished


B. will finish



C. must be finished




D. would be finished
D
12. There was plenty of time. You_____.
A. mustn't hurry

B. mustn't have hurried



C. needn't hurry

D. needn't have hurried
A
13. Tom was a diligent(
勤奋的
) boy. He____ go to school though it was raining hard.
A. was able to

B. could


C. couldn't


D. wasn't able to

C
14. _____I go back before lunch? No, I don't think you____.
A. Need...must



B. Do...need to



C. Must...have to

D. May .... ought to
A
15. The teacher____do all the exercises, but a student______.
A. needn't....must


B. may not...must




C. needn't....needn't


D. can't....must
A
16. Would you open the window please ? Yes, I______.
A. will

B. would

C. do

D. can
C
17. A lion______only attack a human being when it is hungry.
A. should

B. can

C. will

D. shall
C
18. Must I finish this novel this morning ?

No, you_____.
A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can't
B
19. The taxi ____ only hold six passengers. It is full. You _____take the next one.
A. may...may B. can...may C. may...can D. must...can
C
20. I___ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
A. may come


B. may have come


C. could have come




D. must have come
A
21. I wish to go home now, _____I?

4

A. may

B. can't

C. must

D. do
D
22. He must have finished his homework, _____he?
A. mustn't B. didn't C. needn't D. hasn't
B
23. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn't. Whose___ it be?
A. must

B. can


C. may


D. might
B
24. He didn't do well in the exam. He___ hard at his lessons.
A. must have worked

B. ought to have worked



C. would have worked

D. has worked
D
25. I wonder how he____ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say

B. dare saying

C. not dare say

D. dared say
C
26. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?
A. Should

B. Will


C. Shall

D. Are
B
27. You_____ the trees. Look, it is raining now.
A. mustn't have watered B. needn't have watered C. could have watered D. might have watered
B
28. I_____ give you an answer tomorrow. I promise!
A. must
B. will

C. may

D. shall
B
29. As a soldier, you____ do as the head tells you.
A. will

B. shall

C. may

D. ought
A
30. The streets are all dry. It_____ during the night.
A. can't have rained


B. must have rained


C. couldn't rain

D. shouldn't have rained
二、

现在完成时

（一）

定义：某个动作发生在过去，但对现在仍然有 影响和结果，这个动作或状态可能已
经结束，但影响可能还要持续下去。

（二）

其构成形式是：
have/has+
动词过去分词，否定式 在
have/has
后加
not
，疑问句应将
have/has放在句子主语之前。

（三）

现在完成时的用法

（
1
）

表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有：
already,
yet,
never, just
，
these days
，
in the past years
，
recently
等。如：

Have you ever been to Beijing?
你去过北京么？

China has already made great progress in science and technology.
中国已经在科技方面
取得了巨大的进步。

My father has just come back from work.
我爸爸刚下班回来了。

（
2
）

表示过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。
“
for+
时间段” 如
for two years
、“
since+
时间点”（表时间段），
since 1991
如：


5