cnhd专业英语八级-文学知识-重要文学术语

2021年1月20日发(作者：recycler)























































Important Literary Terms

I Literary Schools & Groups
Beat Generation
is a term used to describe a group of American
writers
who came to prominence
in
the
late
1950s,
and
also
the
cultural
phenomena
that
they
wrote
about
and
inspired
(later
sometimes called
beatniks

mainstream American values, experimentation with
drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern major works of
Beat writing are
Allen Ginsberg
's
Howl
(
1956
),
William S. Burroughs
's
Naked Lunch
(
1959
) and
Jack Kerouac
's
On the Road
(
1957
).

Formalism
refers to critical approaches that analyze, interpret, or evaluate the inherent features of
a
text.
The
formalist
approach
reduces
the
importance
of
a
text’s
historical,
biographical,
and
cultural important schools of formalism are Russian formalism and Anglo-American
New Criticism
.

Imagism
was a movement in early 20th- century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of
imagery
, and clear, sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness typical
of much
Romantic
and
Victorian poetry
. British poet Richard Aldington and American poet Ezra
Pound are major imagist poets.

Lost
Generation

is
a
phrase
made
popular
by
American
author
Ernest
Hemingway

in
his
first
published
novel
The
Sun
Also
Rises
.
[1]

Often
it
is
used to
refer
to
a
group of
American

literary
notables
who
lived
in
Paris

and
other
parts
of
Europe
,
some
after
military
service
in
the
First
World War
. Figures identified with the
F.
Scott Fitzgerald
,
Ezra Pound
,
Sherwood Anderson
,
Waldo Peirce
, and
John Dos Passos
.

Metaphysical Poets
were a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, who shared an
interest in
metaphysical
concerns and a common way of investigating them. Major metaphysical
poets are John Donne, George Herbert, Andrew Marvell.


Modernism
is an omnibus term for a number of tendencies in the arts which were prominent in the
first half of the 20th c.; In English literature it is particularly associated with the writings of T. S.
Eliot, Ezra Pound, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, W. B. Yeats, F. M. Ford and Joseph Conrad.


Naturalism is a
literary

movement
that seeks to replicate a
believable

everyday reality
. Naturalism
is
the
outgrowth
of
Realism
,
a
prominent
literary
movement

in
mid-19th-century
France

and
elsewhere.
In
the
United
States,
the
genre
is
associated
principally
with
writers
such
as
John
Steinbeck
,
Jack
London
,
Edith
Wharton
,
and
most
prominently
Stephen
Crane
,
Frank
Norris
,
Theodore
Dreiser
.
The
term
naturalism
operates
primarily
in
counter
distinction
to
realism,
particularly
the
mode
of
realism
codified
in
the
1870s
and
1880s,
and
associated
with
William
Dean Howells
and
Henry James
.

Neoclassicism
is
predicated
upon
and
derived
from
both
classical
and
contemporary
French
models, (see Boileau's
L'Art Poetique (1674) and Pope's
statements
of
Neoclassical
principles)
embodied
a
group
of
attitudes
toward
art
and
human
existence
—
ideals of order, logic, restraint, accuracy,
on, which would enable the practitioners of various arts to imitate or reproduce the structures and
themes of Greek or Roman originals. Though its origins were much earlier (the Elizabethan Ben
Jonson, for example, was as indebted to the Roman poet Horace as
Alexander Pope
would later
be), Neoclassicism dominated English literature from the Restoration in 1660 until the end of the
eighteenth century, when the publication of Lyrical Ballads (1798) by
Wordsworth
and
Coleridge

marked the full emergence of Romanticism.


Post-Modernism

Realism

is
defined
as

faithful
representation
of
reality
or

realism
is
a
literary technique practiced by many schools of writing. In American literature, the term
encompasses
the
period
of
time
from
the
Civil
War
to
the
turn
of
the
century
during
which
William
Dean
Howells,
Rebecca
Harding
Davis,
Henry
James,
Mark
Twain,
and
others
wrote
fiction devoted to accurate representation and an exploration of American lives in various contexts


Romanticism

(the
Romantic
Movement),
a
literary
movement
which
expressed
an
extreme
assertion of the self and the value of individual an age of romantic enthusiasm,
The
Romantic Age
began in 1798 when William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor published
Lyrical
Ballads
and ended in 1832 when Walter Scott (1771-1832) died. The glory of the age is notably
seen in the
Poetry
of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats, who were grouped into
two generations:
Passive Romantic poets
represented by the
Lakers / Lake Poets

—
Wordsworth,
Coleridge,
Burns,
and
Blake.
Active
/
Revolutionary
Romantic
poets

represented
by
those
younger poets
—
Byron, Shelley and Keats.

Transcendentalism
was a group of new ideas in
literature
,
religion
,
culture
, and
philosophy
that
emerged
in
New
England

in
the
early
to
middle
19th
century.
Prominent
transcendentalists
included
Ralph Waldo Emerson
,
Henry David Thoreau
,
Margaret Fuller
.

Symbolism

University Wits
were members of a group of notable
English

playwrights
of the late 16th century.
Notable
institutions
associated
with
the
University
wits
are
the
universities
of
Oxford

and
Cambridge
. This diverse and talented loose association of London writers and dramatists set the
stage
for
the
theatrical
Renaissance
of
Elizabethan
England.
The
chief
University
Wits
include
Christopher
Marlowe

Robert
Greene

Thomas
Nashe

Thomas
Lodge

George
Peele

Thomas
Middleton

John Lyly

Thomas Kyd
.




II Literary Genres

Allegory
is a form of extended
metaphor
, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are
equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself.
Example:
Fairie Queen
by

Spenser;