至高无上英文初三英语上册语法知识点

2021年1月20日发(作者：抗老化)
初三英语上册语法知识点

初三英语上册语法知识点


初三英语上册知识点：疑问词
+
不定式动词结构


英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词
+
不定式动词
(question es a daily discussion topic.

⑵
当宾语，如：


● We must know what to say at a
meeting.

● He could not tell whom to trust.


●
Do you know how to play bridge?

⑶当补足语，如：


● The
problem is where to find the financial aid.

● The question is who to elect.


⑷当名词同位语，如：


● Tom had no idea which book to read first.


● Do
you have a rough impression how to do it?

⑸当宾语
补足语，如：


● Jim is not sure whose to choose.


● Mary and John are not c
ertain whether to get
married or not.

适用于“疑问词
+
不定式动词”的动词包
括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover,
explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn,
remember, think, wonder, understand”等。


有点值得
特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，
例如：


● I could not d
ecide which dictonary to buy.
/ I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.

● Jack did not know where to find such a good
teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a
good teacher.

有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise,
inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当
的“疑问词
+
不定式动词” 结构。例如：


● The chief
technician showed the apprentice how to repair the
machine.

● Have you told him where to get the
application form?

综上所述，可见“疑问词
+
不定式动词”
结构是个形象清新，既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构，可以
多多运用。


初三英语上册知识点：垂悬结构


所谓垂悬
结构
(The Dangling Construction)
就 是一个句子成分，如分
词短语，不定式动词短语等，找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的
对象不合逻 辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法，应该避免。


下
面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法：


⒈垂悬分词或分
词短语，如：


① Climbing up the hill, several boars
were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语
(present
participial phrase)
修饰主语“several boars”是错的
;
改
正方法有二：


(a)
确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成
“Climbing up the
hill, the explorers saw several
boars.”


(b)
把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句
(
也称状语从
句< br>)
：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they
saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”


⒉垂
悬副词短语，如：


② After putting a shrimp on the
hook, the fish began to bite.

这句的副词短语
(adverb
phrase)
和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢
?
真正的逻辑主
语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方
法和例①同：


(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook,
the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.

(b)
After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the
fish began to bite.

⒊垂悬不定式动词短语，如：


③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.


④
To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语
(infinitive phrases)
并不能修
饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主语必
须是“ 人”，如：


(a) To write well, one needs a
lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

(b)
To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of
belonging.

上述三类垂悬结构中，第一类发生的频率最高，必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并
非垂悬结构：


第一，独立结构
(The Absolute
Construction
， 见
3
月
7
日《中英合谈》
)
中的分词短语有自
己的 主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如：


① Such being
the case, we can go h
ome now./……it is not wrong to
call it a day.

第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它
不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如：


②
Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be
discontinued.

③ Provided that there is sufficient
time, everyone can do the job better.

第三，当分词
短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时，也不需要逻 辑主语，
因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如：


④ Judging from his
facial look, the news must have been terrible.

⑤
Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the
logic behind that idea.

初三英语上册知识点：形容词
后缀不可乱加


下面这则广告中的形容词“irresistable”
里的后缀
( suffix)
不对，应该把“
-
able”改为“
-
ible”：


“We of
fer: competitive monthly salary, weekly
incentives, attractive transport allowance, incentive
trips and irresistable performance bonus.”


到底是< br>“
-
able”，还是“
-
ible”?这两者有何不同
?

现在先从形
容词的其他后缀谈起。


形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到