釜山英文英国文学笔记

2021年1月20日发(作者：金银丝)
Middle English

Middle English is the stage in the history of the English language during the High
and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th
and
the
late
15th

three
centuries
after
Norman
conquest
,
two
languages were were used side by side in England , Latin and French were the
languages of the upper classes, used in official and formal r the
inflectional system of old English was weakened and a large number of French
words had been many inflectional forms of the words were dropped
and formal grammar simplified.

Romance

Romance

is
a
type
of
literature
that
was
very
popular
in
the
Middle
e , in the original sense of the word , means the native language,as
opposed
to
Latin,and
later
it
means
a
tale
in
verse,
embodying
the
life
and
adventures of knights.

John wycliff
He was one of the first man who demand to reform the church in order to do away
with the corruption and rottenness, he was the one who translate the bible into
standard
english.
His
translation
for
bible
is
a
great
contribution
to
english
literature ,as well as english lanuage. For he fixed a national standard for englsih
prose to replace various dialects. His work owned him the title of father of english
prose.

William langland
He
is
the
author
of
Piers
Plowman
《农夫皮尔斯》
or
the
vision
of
piers
story takes the form of an allegory, but it gives a realsitic picture of
14th century England, (an allegory is a story or description in which the characters
and
events
symbolize
some
deeper
underlying
meaning,and
serve
to
spread
moral teaching)in his work , within the scope of allegorical characters, the lives of
the religious people and the laymen are vividly corruption and the
rottenness of the church people are truthfully exposed.

Chaucer
（
The Canterbury Tales
）

Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, father of English
born, about 1340, in London.
Chaucer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced
the
verse.
Though drawing influences from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first
great poet who wrote in the current English language. His production of so much
excellent
poetry
was
an
important
factor
in
establishing
English
as
the
literary
language
of
the
country.
The
spoken
English
of
the
time
consisted
of
several
dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for
modern English speech.

The Hundred Years' War
Was a series of wars fought between the english kings and French kings for the
French throne, starting from the reign of Edward III and ending during the reign of
Henry

1453
all
engish
territory
in
france
was
lost
to
the
french
and
the
english king had only a small whole mankind was awakenging.
The War of the Roses
The
war of
the
roses,
or the
thirty
years'
war,
was
a
series
of
civil
wars fought
between the two great families, the house of lancaster, the house of York ,both of
which
claimed
the
right
to
the
english

lasted
for
thirty
years
until
King
henry VII defeated richard III.

Reformation of the church
Henry VIII declared the break with Rome and shook off

the power of the Roman
catholic
Churrch
,
thus
becoming
the
head
of
the
church.
The
Protestant
reformation

was in essence

a political movement in a religious guise, and

the
individualism was awakening .
New sea routes
Italian explorer in the service of spain who determined that the earth was round
and
attempted
to
reach
Asia
by
sailing
west
from
europe,thereby
,discovering
American.
Portuguese
also
sent
his
mariner.
The
english
and
french
were
not
slow
following
th
espanish

discovery
of
the
new
continent
has
increased
people's
confidence
and
this
confidence
has
finally
developed
into
humanism.

Popular ballads
Ballad is derived from the latin
poem that tells a story.

Sir Thomas Malory
The
author of The
Death
of
Arthur,
it
was
he
who
finally
compiled
together the
stories of KIng Arhur and the Knights ot the Roud Table which were scattered in a
number of french romances and made great contribution to the development of
english

knoen
is
about
the
life
of
Malory
,except
the
fact
he
was
a
knight.

Early English plays

1,In
ancient
Greece
and
Tome
,
drama
was
one
of
the
most
popular
forms
of
entertainment.
2,In the 9th and the 10th centuries , the catholic church allowed some of dramatic
performances to be used as art of religious service
3,By the 14th century
the liturgy had developed into mystery plays and miracle
plays . the former are chiefly based on stories from the Bible, and the latter on the
livesof Christian saints.
The paly was staged on a two decked cart, or pageant. The pageant consisted of
an enclosed room and a second storey open to the sky on which the action was
performed. the car towed round the town