万圣节英文怎么说英国文学史复习大纲

2021年1月20日发(作者：rolipram)
Part 1 The Anglo
—
Saxon Period
（
449-1066
）秧格鲁
-
撒克逊时期

1.

Historical Background
Celts










400B.C.

Romans








50B.C.

Anglo
—
Saxons

450A.D


Norman Invasion 1066A.D.
Roman empire
从
albion
撤军，
teutonic tribes(
包括
angles, Saxons,jutes)
（条顿人
or
日耳曼人）
陆续登陆此地


2.
Literature 1,pagan
异教徒文学

2 christian
基督徒文学


alliterative verse
头韵诗

Epic: Beowulf
贝奥武甫
（
Denmark
背景）
（
the hall heorot
鹿庁，
grendel:a monster half- human
）

1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain
poet.
上下部分由
paga n
写，插入由
christian
写

2) a mixture of history and legend.
，
england
’
s national epic
民国史诗

Part II

The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)
秧格鲁
-
诺曼时期

1.

Historical Background
Roman conquest,
接着是
english conquest
，最后是
norman conquest
。

The Norman Conquest in 1066
Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.
（
the battle of hastings
希斯廷战役）

Kings
—
Barons
男爵
—
Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy
统治集团

was formed
2.

The language
Upper classes: French, Latin




The common people: Old English
Three languages co- existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and
the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities; and Old
English was spoken only by the common English people.

3.
The literature
Romance
was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. It is about the life
and adventures undertaken by a knight.
It reflected the spirit of chivalry
骑士制度
. The content of romance: love, chivalry and religion.
It involves fighting, adventures.

Subject matter:
Geoffrey
’
s History
杰弗里《史记》
，
riming chronicles
押韵 编年史，
metricalverse
格律诗体，
doggerel verse
打油诗体

1)

the Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers
查理曼大帝和他的骑士

2)

Matter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder
亚历山大大帝

3)

Matter of Britain tales having for their heroes
Arthur
and his knights of the Round Table

3.

main literature
Sir
Gawain
and
the
green
k night.
高文爵士和绿衣骑士
（
arthur
，
gawain, green
knight,
morgain the fay- woman
妖精摩根
, the green girdle
绿腰带）

Part III

Geoffrey Chaucer (1340
—
1400)
杰弗里
.
乔叟时期

1.

Historical Background
He was living at the same time as the writer of Sir Gawain.
In 1350 AD,

100 Years' War between England and France.
The English won, they controlled large French territory
领土
. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father
of English poetry
War of the Roses



1455-1485 AD
2.

What's middle ages like?
1). The medieval society:

hierarchy
等级制度
social system.

2). Another important thing in the medieval society is Christianity
基督
God-centered thinking,
mind ideology
思想体系

3.

Life and work of Chaucer
Chaucer lived between (1340-1400). His life is closely connected with the King and the royal
family. Chaucer is working in a royal family as a page
小侍臣
. He married the sister of Gaunt's
wife. He became a government is very much exposed to the influence of Italy of the
culture.
E.
G.
Dante
但丁
,
Patriarch,
主教

Boccaccio-the
Decameron
薄伽丘著《十日
谈》
,Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic
verse.
乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵 律诗形式来创作诗歌，
开创了英国文学以重音
-
音节为基
础的格律诗先河。首 创
heroic couplet
英雄双行体。

His career can be divided into several periods
1. French 1360-1370




translate French poetry
2. Italian 1372-1386
3.

English

The Canterbury tales
4.

The Canterbury tales
He got his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, French, but there
is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own way. The stories are told
by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbury. Pilgrims
朝圣者
tell stories to
pass the time. The journey is used as a kind of device to unite the various tales



Nun
修女
:Her
enthusiasm
for
grace,
trying
to
become
someone
that
she
is
not,
she
cannot
possibly
be.
--Pretentiousness, pretending
伪装
too much
Chaucer has different attitude to different characters
第一句：
as soon as april pierces to the root, the drought of march, and bathes each bud and shoot
The significance of his writing
1)

it gives a comprehensive
广泛的

picture of Chaucer’s time

2)

the dramatic structure
3)

Chaucer’s humor

4)

Chaucer’s contr
ibution to the English language. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French
language was the language at the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the
learned and the church. Chaucer used the native language English and proved that the English
language is a beautiful language. He increased the prestige
威信
of the English language.
5.

Popular ballads
大众民谣

A
ballad
is
a
narrative
叙述

poem
that
tells
a
story.
It
is
about
particular
incidents,
usually
dramatic.
Ballets
tell
stories- about
tragic
悲剧的

incidents.
They
are
written
in
a
special
musical pattern, ballad meter-four meters, couplets
（相连并押韵的两行诗）
—

two line in a unit or quatrain
四行诗
__ ababcdcd
Characteristics:
1)

The beginning is often abrupt
突然地
. No introduction of the characters and the background
of the tale
2)

There are strong dramatic elements. A ballad deals with a single episode
插曲

3)

the story is often told through dialogue and action
4)

the theme is often tragic
悲剧的