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echo是什么意思英美文学选读超级串讲

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2021-01-20 00:55
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核工业部-echo是什么意思

2021年1月20日发(作者:accomplice)
英美文学选读超级串讲


英国文学部分


Ⅲ、

文艺复兴时期

1


时间界定:


It refers to the period between the
14th
and mid-
17th
centuries.

2


文艺复兴的理论基础:人文主义兴起。


A


核心:
Humanism

is
the
essence
of
the
Renaissance.
It
sprang
from
the
endeavor
to
restore
a
medieval
reverence for the antique authors.

B


基础:
It was based on such a conception that
man is the measure of all things
.



3


文艺复兴的文化背景:


A


场所:
English schools and universities were established in place of the old monasteries.

B


印刷术的引进:
William Caxton introduced printing into England .

C


翻译的时代的出现。
With the introduction of printing, an age of translation came into being.


4


文学形式:


A.
诗歌:


A).
早期特点:
The first period of the English Renaissance was one of
imitation and assimilation
.

B).
代表作家及作品
:

a. Spenser's The Shepheardes Calender showed the pastoral convention

b. In
with the voice in his tragedies.

c.
Poetry
and
poetic
drama
were
the
most
outstanding
literary
forms
and
carried
on
by
Shakespeare
and
Ben
Johnson.

B.
戏剧:


A).
特点
: The
Elizabethan drama
is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance

B).
作家
: The most famous dramatists are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Johnson.


本章主要作家及作品



斯宾塞及其代表作


Edmund Spenser and The Faerie Queene.

A.
创作意图
: The principal intention is to present through a
a perfect gentleman


B.
整体线索
:The recurring appearances of Arthur serve as a unifying element for the poem as a whole.

C.
寓意
:The Redcrosse Knight in Book I stands for St. George, he also represents Holiness.

D.
主题
:The theme is not
Fierce wares and faithfull loves
.

E.
作者文学地位
:His exquisite melody that make him known as
the poets' poet.




马洛及其代表作


Christopher Marlowe

A.
作者创作分类
:

a.
The plays:
(6 plays)Among them the most important are:

Tamburlaine, Parts I&II , Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II.

b. The non-dramatic
poetry
:

Hero and Leander,

c. The verse translation:

Ovid's Amores.

B.
代表作品
:

a. Tamburlaine: Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority.

b. Dr. Faustus: It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.

C.
文学艺术成就
:

a.
文体与风格
Marlowe
perfected the blank vers
e and brought vitality and grandeur into the blank verse with his


b.
人物塑造

Marlowe's second achievement is his creation of the
Renaissance hero for English drama
. Such a hero
is always individualistic and full of ambition.



莎士比亚


William Shakespeare

A.
创作生涯及作品


a. Apprenticeship period.

b. Highly individualized period.

c. Greatest tragedies and dark comedies period.

d. Romantic tragicomedies period.

B.
作品主题


a. Shakespeare's
history
plays are mainly written under the principle that
national unity
under a mighty and just
sovereign is a necessity.

b.
In
his
romantic

comedies,
Shakespeare
takes
an
optimistic
attitude
toward
love
and
youth
,
and
the
romantic
elements are brought into full play .

c. The
tragedies
: The play, though a tragedy, is permeated with
optimistic
spirit.

C.
四大悲剧


A). The
common features

Shakespeare's greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in
common. Each portrays some
noble hero
, who faces the
injustice
of human life and is caught in a
difficult situation

and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the
whole nation
.

B). The realistic spirits:

Along with the portrayal of the weakness or bias of the hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and
the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense.

D.
艺术成就


A). The characters:

a. Shakespeare's major
characters
are neither merely individual ones nor type ones.

b. By applying a
psycho-analytica
l approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind.

c.
Shakespeare
also
portrays
his
characters
in
pairs.
Contrasts
are
frequently
used
to
bring
vividness
to
his
characters.

B). Construction:

a. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. He borrows them from some old plays or
storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.

b. He would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several threads running through the play.

C). Language and style:

a.
Irony
is a good means of
dramatic
presentation. Disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony,
usually with woman disguised as man.

b. He has an amazing wealth of
vocabulary and idiom
. His influence on later writers is immeasurable. Almost all
English
writers
after
him
have
been
influenced
by
him
either
in
artistic
point
of
view,
in
literary
form
or
in
language.



培根


Francis Bacon

A.
《科学的进步与发展》


The Advancement of Learning : It is a great tract on
education
.

B.
《新工具》


Novum Organum is a successful treatise written in Latin on
methodology
.

C.
《散文集》


Montaigne is the predecessor of Bacon. The term



邓恩


A.
作品特点


a. The inherently theatrical impression:

John
Donne
is
the
leading
figure
of
the

school.
His
poems
give
a
more
inherently
theatrical
impression
.

b. The poetic mode:

The mode is
dynamic
rather than static, with ingenuity of speech, vividness of imagery and vitality of rhythms.

c. The Stylistic features:

The most striking feature of Donne's poetry is precisely its
tang of reality
, in the sense that it seems to reflect life in
a real rather than a poetical world.

B.
《歌与十四行诗》及作者的爱情观


The songs and sonnets:

a. The
theme
:

The Songs and Sonnets, contains most of his early lyrics.
Love
is the basic theme.

b. The understanding of love:

Donne holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body. This thought is quite contrary to the medieval
love idea. What is more, idealism and cynicism about love coexist in Donne's love poetry. He sometimes expresses
the futility and instability of love in his poems.

c. The stylistic method:

When eulogizing a woman, Donne tells us very little about her physical beauty. Instead, Donne's interest lies in
dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love.

弥尔顿


John Milton

A.
创作


Milton's literary achievements can be divided into three groups:

a. The early works:

Milton appears as the inheritor of all that was best in Elizabethan literature. Lycidas is a typical example.

b. The middle works:

His powerful pamphlets written during this period make him the greatest prose writer of his gitica is
probably his most memorable prose work.

c. The last great poems:

Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise regained, and Samson Agonistes.

B.
代表作
:

Paradise Lost:


). The theme and structure:

Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books. The theme is the
Fall of Man


B). The humanistic spirits

a.
Working
through
the
tradition
of
a
Christian humanism,
Milton
wrote
Paradise
Lost,
intending
to
expose
the
ways of Satan and to

b.
At
the
center
of
the
conflict
between
human
love
and
spiritual
duty
lies
Milton's
fundamental
concern
with
freedom and choice.
c. The
freedom
of the will is the keystone of Milton's creed


Ⅳ、新古典主义时期


The neoclassical period


时间界定:

The
neoclassical
period
is
between
the
return
of
the
Stuarts
in
1660
and
the
full
assertion
of
Romanticism which came with the publication of
Lyrical Ballads
in 1798.
启蒙运动


A.

概述


a.
特点

The
eighteenth-century
England
is
also
known
as the
Age
of
Enlightenment
or
the
Age
of
Reason.
The
Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement.

b.
起源

It flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time.

c.
性质

The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

d.
目的

Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.

B.
人文观与文学特点


a.

The
enlighteners
advocated
universal
education.
They
believed
that
human
beings
were
limited,
dualistic,
imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.

b. Literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing, became a very popular means of public education.

3.

文学形式


A.

伤感主义文学

In the last few decades of the 18th century, however, the neoclassical emphasis upon reason,
intellect,
wit
and
form
was
rebelled
against
or
challenged
by
the
sentimentalists,
and
was
gradually
by
Romanticism.

B.
新古典主义诗歌

The
neoclassical
period
witnessed
the
flourish
of
English
poetry
in
the
classical
style

核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思


核工业部-echo是什么意思



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