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我爱
SYSU
胡壮麟版
小雷整理复习提纲
Chapter 1
Invitation to Linguistics
Language
The Definition(
语言的定义
)
The Design Features
Arbitrariness
（本质特征）
Duality
Creativity
Displacement
语言先天反射理论
The Origin Of Language
The bow-bow theory
(
语言的起源
)
The pooh-pooh theory
The
“
yo-he- yo
”
theory
Jacobos
（与
The Prague School
一致）
Referential
Functions Of Language
Ideational
Poetic
Emotive
Halliday
Interpersonal
Conative
Phatic
Textual
Metalingual
The Basic Functions
Informative
Interpersonal
Performative
Emotive function
Phatic communion
(wski
提出
)
Recreation function
Metalingual function
Linguistics
The Definition
The Main Branches of Linguistics
Phonetics
(
微观语言学
)
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Macrolinguistics
Psycholinguistics
(
宏观语言学）
Sociolinguistics
Anthropological Linguistics
Computaioanl Linguistics
Descriptive &Prescriptive
Synchronic&Diachronic
Important Distinctions
Langue&Parole
Competence&Performance
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by
小雷
我爱
SYSU
胡壮麟版
小雷整理复习提纲
Chapter 2
Speech Sounds
Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics (
声学语音学
)
语音学
Auditory Phonetics(
听觉语言学
)
Articulatory Phonetics(
发声语音学
)
Speech Organs/Vocal organs
(lungs ,trachea,throat,)
IPA/Diacritics(
变音符
)
Consonants
The definition
The manner of articulation
Articulatory Phonetics
The place of articulation
(
发声语音学
)
Vowels
The definition
The sound of English:RP/GA
Cardinal vowels
The requirements of description
Coarticulation
Anticipatory Coarticulation
Perseverative Coarticulation
Phonetics transcription
Narrow transcription
Broad transcription
Phonology
音位理论
Minimal Pairs
（
c
ut
&p
ut
）
Phone&Phone mes&Allophone(
音素
&
音位
&
音位变体
)
音系学
音素
是语音学研究的单位。人类在说语音时所发出的一
切音都是音素，有些 音素
具有区别性价值，而有的没有。
Feet/di:t/
中有
/f/,/i :/,/t/
三个音素。
音位
是音系学研究
基本单位，它们具有区别性价值，是抽象的，是一组语音特征的集合，不是一个具
体的音。
音位在特定的语音环境里的具体体现形式形成音位变体，
同一语音在不的
语音环境里体现为不同的变体称之为
音位变体。
不送气
/t/,/
送气
t
─
h/
是
/t/
的音
位变体。
C
omplementary Distribution
Free variants(
自由变体
)/variation(
自由变体现象
)
Phonological contrasts or opposition(
音位对立
)
Distinctive Features(
First developed by Jacobson as a means
of working out a set of phonological contrasts or opposition to
Capture particular aspect of language sounds)
progressive assimilation
Phonological Process
音系过程
Assimilation
Progressive assimilation
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我爱
SYSU
胡壮麟版
小雷整理复习提纲
Phonology
Phonological rules
sequence rule
Assimilation
Epenthesis&Rules ordering&The elsewhere condition
Suprasegmental features
The definition
(nucleus/peak&coda)
Onset
Stress
Tone
Intonation
The syllable structure Rhyme
（
Rime
）
Chapter3 Lexicon
Word
The definition
Three sense of
“
word
”
A physically definable unit
Word both as a general term and as a specific term
Word is a grammatical unit
Identification of word
Stability
Relative uninterruptibility
A minimum free form
The classification of word
Variable&Invariable words
Grammatical words&Lexical words
(function words&content words)
Closed-class words & Open-class words
Word
Class
Particles
(part of Speech)
Auxiliaries
Pro-form
Determiners
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SYSU
胡壮麟版
小雷整理复习提纲
Lexical change
The change proper
Invention
Blending
Abbreviation
Acronym
Back-formation
Analogical creation
Morpho- syntactical change
Morphological change
Syntactical change
(split infinitive /Postponed prepositions/ objective case of relative pronoun)
Semantic Change
Broadening(h
oliday
)
Narrowing(
girl
)
Meaning shift/zero- derivation(conversion)
Folk-etymology
Phonological change
(refers to the changes in sound leading to changes in form)
(
原因
)factors
Loss
Addition
Metathesis(
换位
)
Assimilation
Orthographic change
( Changes can see in the graphitic writing is a
recording of the sound system in English
，
phonological changes will no doubt
set off graphitic changes)
Morphology
The main fields
The inflectional morphology
The derivational morphology
Morpheme
The definition
Sememe&Morpheme&Phoneme&Morpheme
The classification
Free &bound Morpheme
Root&Affix&stem
Inflectional affix&Derivational affix
Phonology & Morphology
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小雷
我爱
SYSU
胡壮麟版
小雷整理复习提纲
Chapter4 From Word to Text
Syntax
The definition
Syntactic Relations
Positional relations(word order)
re syntagmatic relation(horizonal/chain relation)
一个方面
Relation of substitutability(associative/paradigmatic relations)
Relation of Co-occurrence
Vertical or choice relations
Traditional Syntax
Category
Gender
Number
Case
Agreement/concord
Structural Syntax
syntagmatic relations(
组合关系
)
paradigmatic relations
（聚合关系）
IC analysis
The definition
Grammatical construction
Constituent
Tree diagram&Bracketing
Endocentric&Exocentric Constructions/Coordination
Generative Syntax
Syntax Function (subject/Predicate/Object)
Syntax Movement
NP Movement
Aux-Movement
Wh-Movement
Deep &Surface Structures
Rules
GB
Functional Syntax
Theme&Rheme(
主位
&
述位
)
FSP
CD(communicative dynamism)
SFG
It sees sentence(utterance) as the basic unit
Within the sentence
conjoining
Phrase&clause&sentence
Embedding
Beyond the sentence
Text linguistics&Discourse analysis
C ohesion
(conjunction/ellsis/lexical/repetition/ reference/substitution)
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