tablet是什么意思英国文学期末复习提纲

2021年1月20日发(作者：某人的英文)
英国文学提纲

一、
5
个术语

上册
3
个

ration
头韵


Alliteration
is
the
repetition
of
the
same
sound
or
sounds
at
the
beginning of tow or more words that are next to or close to each other.
Of
man
was
the
mildest
and
most
beloved,

To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.

ry
寓言体


An
allegory
is
a
story
or
description
in
which
the
characters
and
events
symbolize
some deeper
underlying
meaning
and
serve
to
spread
moral sentative works are Edmund Spenser
’
s The Faerie
Queene, John Bunyan
’
s The Pilgrim
’
s Progress.

Couplet
英雄双韵体

Two
successive
rhyming
lines
of
iambic
pentameter
五步抑扬格
.
The second line is usually end-stopped. It was common practice to string
long sequences
长序列

of heroic couplets together in a pattern of

aa, bb,
cc, dd, ee, ff (and so on).

Example:



But when to mischief mortals bend their will ,



How soon they find fit instruments of ill !




















(Pope: The Rape of the Lock, III,125-126)
sm
人文主义




Humanism is a movement of philosophy and ethics that emphasizes
the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and
generally
prefers
individual
thought
and
evidence
(rationalism,
empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism).

Humanism
was
the
keynote
of
the
Renaissance.
People
ceased
to
look
upon
themselves
as
living
only
for
God
and
a
future
world.
They
began to admire human beauty and human achievement. Man is no longer
the slave of the external world. He can mould the world according to his
desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks.

十四行诗

A
sonnet
is
a
lyric
invariably
of
fourteen
lines,
usually
in
iambic
pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.

There are three types
：


(1) The Petrarchan or Italian sonnet is divided into an octave which
rhymes abba abba, and a sestet usually rhymes cde cde, or cdc dcd. The
sestet usually replies to the argument of the octave.

(2) Spenserian sonnet is a nine-line stanza of iambics rhymed abab
bcbc
cdc
dee.
The
first
eight
lines
are
pentameters;
the
final
line
is
a
hexameter.
(3)
Shakespearean
sonnet
has
three
quatrains
and
a
final
couplet
which
usually
provides
an
epigrammatic
statement
of
the
theme.
The
rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.

s
民谣






Ballads
are
stories
told
in
sound
and
usually
in
four-line
stanzas
with
even
number
lines
rhymes.
They
were
created
collectly
by
the
people and constantly revised through the process of being handed down
with mouth.
A. The beginning is often abrupt.
B. There are strong dramatic elements.
C. The stories are often told through dialogue and action.
D. The ballad meter is used.
rian Stanza
斯宾塞诗节





A nine-line stanza rhyming in an ababbcbcc pattern in which the first
eight lines are iambic pentameter and the last line is an iambic hexameter
line.
The
name
Spenserian
comes
from
the
form
’
s
most
famous
user,
Spenser, who used it in The Fairie Queene.

verse
无韵诗


V
erse
in
iambic
pentameter
without
rhyme
scheme, often
used
in
verse drama in the sixteenth century and later used for poetry.

e
传奇故事





Romance generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of
fighting
as
well
as
a
number
of
miscellaneous
adventures.
Romance
embody
the
life
and
adventures
of
knights
and
is
characteristic
of
the
early
feudal
age,
as
it
reflects
the
spirits
of
chivalry.
The
content
of
romance is usually about love, chivalry, and religion.

史诗

Epic
is
an
extended
narrative
叙事体

poem
in
elevated
严肃的

or
dignified
庄严的

language, It usually celebrates the feats of one or more
legendary
传奇的

or traditional heroes. The action is simple, but full of
magnificence
宏伟
. Today, some
long
narrative
works,
like
novels
that
reveal an age &
its people, are
also called epic. like Homer
’
s Iliad &
Odyssey.

Features

①
The hero is a figure of imposing stature
②
The setting is vast in scope
③
The
action
consists
of
deeds
of
great
valor
or
requiring
superhuman courage
④
A style of sustained elevation and grand simplicity is used
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2
个

icism
浪漫主义

In
the
mid-18th
century,
a
new
literary
movement
called
romanticism came to Europe and then to England. It was characterized by
a
strong
protest
against
the
bondage
束缚

of
neoclassicism,
which
emphasized
强调

reason,
order
and
elegant
wit.
Instead,
romanticism
gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.