在日常生活中外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译

2021年1月20日发(作者：承担)

外研社版必修
3
课文原文及中文
翻译


必修
3 Book3

Module 1

Europe
Great European Cities
Paris
Paris
is
the
capital
and
largest
city
of
France,
situated
on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities
in
the
world
and
is
visited
by
more
than
eight
million
tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists
is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of
the
world’s
largest
art
galleries,
the
Louvre,
is
also
located
in
Paris.
The
city
is
also
famous
for
its
restaurants,
cafes
and
theatres.
About
two-thirds
of
France’s artists and writers live in Paris.

Barcelona
Barcelona
is
the
second
largest
city
of
Spain
and
is
situated
on
the
northeast
coast,
about
five
hundred
kilometers
east
of
the
Spanish
capital,
Madrid.
One
of
Barcelna’s most famous landmarks is t
he Church of the
Sagrada
Familia,
which
was
designed
by
an
architect
called
Antonio
Gaudi.
Gaudi
worked
on
the
project
from
1882
until
his
death
in
1926.
The
church
hasn’t
been finished yet!

Florence
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because
of
the
Renaissance,
a
great
artistic
movement
which
began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.
During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of
all
time
lived
and
worked
in
Florence.
Many
of
Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculp
tures were
produced
by
great
artists
such
as
Leonardo
da
Vinci
and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about
a
million
tourists
who
come
to
see
the
art
galleries,
churches
and
museums.
The
Uffiziz
Palace
is
the
most
famous art gallery in the city.
Athens
Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace
of
western
civilization.
Two
thousand
four
hundred
years
ago,
it
was
the
world’s
most
powerful
city.
Buildings
such
as
the
Parthenon
on
the
Acropolis
Hill
were built during this period. Gr
eece’s best writers lived
in
ancient
Athens.
Their
work
has
influenced
other
writers ever since.

CULTURAL CORNER
The European Union

What Is the European Union?
The
European
Union
is
an
organization
of
European
countries.
The
countries
are
independent
and
are
governed in different ways. In the United Kingdom, for
example, the head of state is a king or queen. In France,
on the other hand, the head of state is a president. But
each
of
them
sends
representatives
to
the
European
Parliament, which has some control over what happens
in each of the member countries.
How Did It start?
The idea of the European Union began in the 1950s. The
first
members
were
France,
Germany,
Belgium,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little,
the
number
increased
during
the
second
half
of
the
twentieth
century.
By
the
year
2000,
there
were
15
member
countries.
The
new
countries
were
Austria,
Denmark,
Finland,
Greece,
Ireland,
Portugal,
Spain,
Sweden and the United Kingdom.
How Many Countries Belong to It Now?
In 2004, the European Union increased to 25 members.
The
Czech
Republic,
Estonia,
Hungary,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Poland,
the
Slovak
Republic
and
Slovenia,
plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all

became members. The expanded European Union has a
population
of
more
than
half
a
billion
people,
twice
as
big as the population of the United States.


Module 2

Developing and Developed Countries

The Human Development Report
In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work
together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this
agreement came the Human Development Report.




One of the most important sections of this report is
the
Human
Development
Index.
This
examines
the
achievements
of
175
countries.
The
Index
measures
a
country‘s
achievements
in
three
way
s:
life
expectancy
(how
long
people
usually
live),
education
and
income.
The
index
has
some
surprises.
Norway
is
at
the
top
of
the list, while the US is at number 7. the other top five
countries
are:
Iceland(2),
Sweden(3),
Australia(4),
the
Netherlands
(5).
The
UK
is
in
the
thirteenth
position,
while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten
countries
are
all
African
countries,
with
Sierra
Leone
(in west Africa) at the bottom of the list.





The report describes eight Development Goals. The
most important goals are to:
·
reduce poverty and hunger;
·
make
sure
that
all
children
have
education
up
to
the
age of 11;
·
fight AIDS and other diseases;
·
improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure
they have safe drinking water;
·
encourage
developed
countries
to
give
more
help
to
other countries.




The
2003
Human
Development
Report
gives
examples
of
successful
development.
For
example,
in
nine years (1953-1962), China increased life expectancy
by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million
people
moved
out
of
poverty.
However,
the
Challenges
are
still
great.
Every
day
799
million
people
in
developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are
in
South
Asia
or
Afica.
Although
more
than
80%
of
children
in
developing
countries
go
to
primary
school,
about 115 million children are not being educated. More
than
1
billion
people
in
developing
countries
do
not
drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world,
e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.





The
report
shows
that
we
are
making
some
progress
but
that
we
need
to
make
greater
efforts.
Although developed countries give some financial help,
they
need
to
give
much
more.
Interestingly,
the
countries that give the most money are the Netherlands,
Norway
and
Sweden.
These
are
among
the
five
richest
countries in the world, so it is right that they should do
so.

CULTURAL CORNER
Town Twinning
How
are
Oxford
in
the
UK
and
Grenoble
in
France
similar?
Well,
they’re
both
medium
-sized
towns
of
between
100,000
and
200,000
inhabitants.
They
both
have
universities
and
industries.
Tourism
is
important
to both of them, and they are both close to some of the
most beautiful countryside in the region. But they share
something else: they have a town twinning agreement.





Town
twinning
is
not
a
new
idea,
but
it
has
become
more
popular
in
recent
years
because
it’s
now
easier
to
find
out
about
and
visit
other
countries
and
towns.
It’s
an
agreement
between
towns
or
cities
of
similar
size
and
age,
and
which
have
similar
features

such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.





Town twinning agreements encourage people from
the
two
towns
to
visit
each
other.
There
are
visits
and
exchanges
between
schools,
theatre
groups
and
sports
teams. Visitors from the foreign town usually stay in the
private
homes
of
the
town
they
are
visiting.
There
is
usually a big party for the visitors.





Town
twinning
agreements
are
perhaps
most
useful
for
students
and
people
who
want
to
practice
speaking another language. This is because living with a
foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have
to
speak
their
language,
and
as
a
result
you
improve
fast.

Module 3

The Violence of Nature

What Is a Tornado?
A
tornado
is
a
rotating
column
of
air
from
a
thunderstorm
to
the
ground.
The
most
violent
have
winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all
of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the
southeast to South Dakota in the north.
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses

and
put
them
down
in
the
next
street
–

or
even
in
the
next
town.
They
can
take
the
fur
off
the
back
of
a
cat
and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses,
but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each
year,
causing
about
80
deaths
and
1,500
injuries.
The
worst
tornado
of
all
time
occurred
in
1925,
affecting
three
US
states:
Missouri,
Illinois
and
Indiana.
By
the
time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and
2,700 had been injured.
What Is a Hurricane?
Hurricanes
are
strong
tropical
storms,
and
they
usually
occur
in
the
southern
Atlantic
Ocean,
the
Caribbean
Sea
and
the
Gulf
of
Mexico.
There
are
violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which
cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on
average
six
Atlantic
hurricanes
each
year
and
they
usually affect the east coast of US from Texas to Maine.



The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on
the
8
th

September
1900
in
Galveston,
Texas.
Winds
of
200
kilometres
per
hour
and
five-metre
high
waves
hit
the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population
of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.

An Extraordinary Event
This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.
Charles
Coghlan
was
a
nineteenth-century
Irish
actor
who
went
to
live
in
Canada.
He
then
moved
to
New
York,
where
he
became
famous.
By
the
1890s,
he
had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year
before
the
hurricane
struck.
The
cemetery
where
Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and
Cohglan’s coffin ended up in the sea.

Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen
in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the
east
of
Canada.
The
Gulf
Stream
had
carried
it
3,000
kilometres
up
the
eastern
US
coast
to
Prince
Edward
Island. Coghlan traveled back to Canada
–
after he had
been buried in Texas!

CULTURAL CORNER
Earthquakes Around the Pacific
About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day,
more than a hundred thousand in a year.



China
is
situated
in
one
of
the
most
active
earthquake
regions
in
the
world
and
there
have
been
many
terrible
earthquakes.
The
most
serious
of
these

occurred in Hua County in Shaanxi Province

in 1556.
the
earthquake
affected
eight
provinces
in
Central
China.
It
covered an
area
of
800
square
kilometers.
In
some
communities,
60
percent
of
the
population
were
killed. In all, 830,000 people lost their lives.




The California Earthquake of the 18
th
of April 1906
is
the
worst
earthquake
that
has
ever
happened
in
the
United States. It took place at 5:15 a.m., and lasted for
only
a
minute.
However,
it
caused
the
worst
natural
disaster in the nation’s history.





Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the
most

damage.
The
fires
burned
for
three
days,
destroying a total of 25,000 buildings. About 500 people
were
killed
in
the
city
of
San
Francisco
and
250,000
were
made
homeless.
In
the
whole
of
California,
the
earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 deaths.




The
1906
earthquake
was
caused
by
a
movement
on
the
San
Andreas
Fault.
One
hundred
years
later,
movements on the San Andreas Fault continue to cause
problems for the whole of California.


Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia


Sandstorms in Asia
Sandstorms
have
been
a
major
disaster
for
many
Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many
ways
to
solve
this
problem
and
in
China,
a
mass
campaign has been started to help solve it.




Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.
They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and
the
wind
is
sometimes
strong
enough
to
move
sand
dunes.
The
four
main
places
in
the
world
where
there
are
sandstorms
are
Central
Asia,
North
America,
Central
Africa
and
Australia.
Ren
JIanbo,
from
Inner
Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced
as
a
child
in
the
desert.
“To
have
been
caught
in
a
sandstorm
was
a
terrible
experience,”
he
said.
“T
here
was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and
the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in. You just
had
to
hope
you’d
survive.
I
thought
I
was
going
to
disappear under the sand.”





Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in
Central
Asia.
Sandstorms
begin
in
desert
areas.
Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent
years
as
a
result
of
“desertification”.
This
is
a
process

that
happens
when
land
becomes
desert
because
of
climate changes and because people cut down trees and
dig up grass.




Sandstorms
sometimes
affect
Beijing.
Citizens
wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover
the
city
in
a
thick,
brown-yellow
dust.
The
storms
sometimes
continue
all
day
and
traffic
moves
very
slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.




The
Chinese Central
Weather
Station
can forecast
a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but
the
strength
of
the
storm
sometimes
surprises
people.
When
a
sandstorm
arrives
in
the
city,
weather
experts
advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in
Beijing
says,
“To
be
cycling
in
a
sandstorm
is
frightening.
The
winds
are
very
strong.
It’s
difficult
to
breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go
out, you’d better wear a mask.”





The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west
of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government
is
planting
trees.
Already
the
government
has
planted
more
than
30
billion
trees
and
plans
to
continue
planting for the next five years.
CULTURAL CORNER

The Green Movement
Some
countries
are
better
than
others
at
looking
after
the
environment.
In
Europe,
Germany
and
the
northern
European
countries
work
very
hard
to
improve
the
environment.
People
in
countries
such
as
Germany put their garbage into different bags
–
paper
in
one
bag,
plastic
in
another
bag,
etc.
the
garbage
is
then
taken
away
and,
if
possible,
recycled.
CFCs
(chlorofluro-carbons),
chemicals
which
are
found
in
refrigerators
and
aerosol
cans
are
not
allowed.
There
are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal.



In
the
1970s,
as
people
learnt
more
about
environmental problems, the “Green” movement began
and
soon
spread
all
over
Europe.
The
“Green”
movement
tries
to
get
governments
to
think
seriously
about
the
environment
and
how
to
look
after
it.
It
collects information about how industry is damaging the
environment and gives this information to newspapers.

Module 5

Great People and Great Inventions of
Ancient China

Philosophers of Ancient China