李国能生物与制药工程专业英语第二单元翻译

2021年1月20日发(作者：emotionally)
Biologists
and
chemists
divide
compounds
into
two
principal
classes,
inorganic
and
organic.
Inorganic
compounds
are
defined
as
molecules,
usually
small,
that
typically
lack
carbon
and
in
which
ionic
bonds
may
play
an
important
role.
Inorganic
compounds
include
water,
oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and many salts, acids, and bases.

生物学家和化学家分裂成两个主要种类化合物、无机 和有机。无机化合物被定义为分子
,
通
常小
,
通常缺乏的碳离子束缚
,
那么它就能起到重要的作用。无机化合物包括水、氧气、二氧
化碳和许多盐、酸、和 根据地。



All
living
organisms
require
a
wide
variety
of
inorganic
compounds
for
growth,
repair,
maintenance, and reproduction. Water is one of the most important, as well as one of the rmost
abundant,
of
these
compounds,
and
it
is
particularly
vital
to
microorganisms.
Outside
the
cell,
nutrients
are
dissolved
in
water,
which
facilitates
their
passage
through
cell
membranes.
And
inside the cell , water is the medium for most chemical reactions. In fact, water is by far the most
abundant component of almost all living cells. Water makes up 5% to 95% or more of each cell,
the average being between 65% and 75%. Simply stated, no organism can survive without water
所有生物体需要多种无机 化合物的增长、维修、维护、和繁衍。水是其中一个最重要的、也
是最丰富的
,
这类化 合物
,
这是特别至关重要
,
微生物。细胞外
,
营养溶解在水 中
,
有利于他们通
过细胞膜。和进入细胞
,
水介质对大多数化学反应 。事实上
,
水是迄今为止最丰富的组件几乎
所有的活细胞。
水产生的
5% ~ 95%
或更多的每一个细胞
,
平均在
65%
和
7 5%
之间。
简单的说
,
没有生物能生还
,
没有水。


Water has structural and chemical properties that make it particularly suitable for its role in living
cells. As we discussed, the total charge on the water molecule is neutral, but the Oxygen region of
the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen region has a slightly positive charge.
Any molecule having such an unequal distribution of charges is called a polar molecule. The polar
nature of water gives it four characteristics that make it a

useful medium for living cells
水具有的结构 和化学特性使得其尤为适合在活细胞中发挥作用。像我们讨论过的一样
,
总金
额在水分 子是中立的
,
但氧区域的分子都有稍微否定的电荷和氢地区稍微正电荷。有这样一
个任 何分子分配不均等的指控被称为一个极性分子。极地自然的水给它有四个特点
,
使它成
为一个有用的活细胞中。

First,
every
water
molecule
is
capable
of
forming
four
hydrogen
bonds
with
nearby
water
molecules. This property results in a strong attraction between water molecules. Because of this
strong attraction, a great deal of heat is required to separate water molecules from each other to
form water vapor, thus, water has a relatively high boiling point (1OO
℃
). Since water has such a
high
boiling
point,
it
exists
in
the
liquid
state
on
most
of
the
earth's
surface,
Furthermore,
the
hydrogen bonding between water molecules affects the density of water, depending on whether it
occurs as ice or a liquid. for example, the hydrogen bonds in the crystalline structure of water (ice)
make it more spacious. As s result
，

ice has fewer molecules than an equal volume of liquid water.
This makes its crystalline structure less dense than an equal olume of liquid makes its
crystalline strucrure less dense than liquid water. It is for this reason that ice floats and can serve
as an insulating layer on the surfaces of lakes and streams that harbor living organisms.


首先
,
每个水分子的氢 键能力四个形成与附近的水分子。这个属性导致水分子间有强烈的
吸引力。因为这个强烈的吸引力
,
大量的热被要求从彼此分开的水分子形成的水蒸气
,
因此
,
水有 一个相对高沸点
(1 OO
℃
)
。
由于水有这样一个高沸点
,
它存在于液体状态对大部分的地球