seriousness电子密码锁英语翻译

2021年1月20日发(作者：bradford)
An electronic lock (more precisely an electric lock) is a locking device which
operates
by
means
of
electric
current.
Electric
locks
are
sometimes
stand-alone
with
an
electronic
control
assembly
mounted
directly
to
the
lock.
More
often
electric
locks
are
connected
to an
access control system. The
advantages
of an
electric
lock
connected to
an access control system include: key control, where keys can be added
and
removed
without
re-keying
the
lock
cylinder;
fine
access
control,
where
time
and
place are factors; and transaction logging, where activity is recorded.

Contents [hide]
1 Operation
2 Types of electric locks
3 Authentication methods
3.1 Numerical codes, passwords and passphrases
3.2 Security tokens
3.3 Biometrics
3.4 RFID
4 See also
5 References
[edit]Operation

Electric locks use magnets, solenoids, or motors to actuate the lock by either
supplying or removing power. Operating the lock can be as simple as using a switch,
for example an apartment intercom door release, or as complex as a biometric based
access control system.

[edit]Types of electric locks


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inappropriately.
Please rewrite it to use a more formal, encyclopedic tone. (June 2008)
The
most
basic
type
of
electronic
lock
is
a
magnetic
lock
(commonly
called
a
mag
lock).
A large electro-magnet is mounted on
the door frame and a corresponding
armature
is
mounted
on
the
door.
When
the
magnet
is
powered
and
the
door
is
closed,
the
armature
is held fast to the magnet. Mag locks are simple to install and are very attack
resistant.
One
drawback
is
that
improperly
installed
or
maintained
mag
locks
can
fall
on people. and also that one must unlock the mag lock to both enter and leave. This
has
caused
fire
marshals
to
impose
strict
codes
on
the
use
of
mag
locks
and
the
access
control practice in general. Additionally, NFPA 101, Standard for Life Safety and
Security, as well as the ADA (Americans with Disability Act) require
knowledge
and

simple
movement
to
allow

egress
This
means
that
a
person
must be able to walk up to a door and with one motion (no push buttons, or having
another person unlock the door, or read
a sign

exit. Other
problems include a lag time (delay) in releasing as the collapsing magnetic field
is
not
instantaneous.
This
lag
time
can
cause
a
user
to
walk
into
the
door.
Finally,
mag
locks
by
design
fail
unlocked,
that
is
if
power
is
removed
they
unlock.
This
could
be a problem where security is a prime concern. Additionally, power outages could
affect
mag
locks
installed
on
fire
listed
doors,
which
are
required
to
remain
latched
at
all
times.
Thus,
a
mag
lock
would
not
meet
current
fire
codes
as
the
primary
means
of
securing
a
fire
listed
door
to
a
frame[1].
Because
of
this,
many
commercial
doors
(this
typically
does
not
apply
to
private
residences)
are
moving
over
to
stand
alone
locks, or electric locks installed under a Certified Personnel Program. The first
mechanical recodable card lock was invented in 1976 by Tor S?rnes, who had worked
for
VingCard
since
the
1950s.
The
first
card
lock
order
was
shipped
in
1979
to
Westin
Peachtree
Plaza
Hotel,
Atlanta,
USA.
This
product
triggered
the
evolution
of
electronic locks for the hospitality industry.

Electric strikes (also called electric latch release) replace a standard strike
mounted
on
the
door
frame
and
receive
the
latch
and
latch
bolt.
Electric
strikes
can
be simple to install when they are designed for drop-in replacement of a standard
strike,
although
some
electric
strikes
require
that
the
door
frame
be
heavily
modified.
Installation of a strike into a Fire Listed Door (for open backed strikes on pairs
of doors) or
Frame must
be done under listing agency
authority if any modifications
to the frame are required (mostly for commercial doors and frames). Since there is
no current Certified Personnel Program to allow field installation of electric
strikes
into
fire
listed
door
openings,
listing
agency
field
evaluations
would
most
likely
require
the
door
and
frame
to
be
de-listed
and
replaced.
Electric
strikes
allow
mechanical free egress: As a user leaves, he operates the lockset in the door, not
the electric strike in the door frame. Electric strikes can also be either fail
unlocked
(except
in
Fire
Listed
Doors,
as
they
must
remain
latched
when
power
is
not
present),
as
a
mag
lock,
or
the
more
secure
fail
locked.
Electric
strikes
are
easier
to
attack
than
a
mag
lock.
It
is
simple
to
lever
the
door
open
at
the
strike,
as
often
there is an increased gap between the strike and the door latch. Latch guards are
often used to cover this gap.

Electric
mortise
and
cylindrical
locks
are
drop
in
replacements
for
the
door
mounted
mechanical locks. A hole must be drilled in the door for electric power wires. Also
a power transfer hinge[2] is used to get the power from the door frame to the door.
Electric
mortise
and
cylindrical
locks
allow
mechanical
free
egress.
Electric
mortise
and
cylindrical
locks
can
be
either
fail
unlocked
or
fail
locked.
In
the
US,
UL
rated
doors must retain their
rating. In new construction doors are cored
and
then
rated.
In retofits, the doors must be re-rated.

Electrified exit hardware, sometimes called panic hardware or crash bars, are used
in
fire
exit
applications.
One
pushes
against
the
bar
to
open
it,
making
it
the
easiest