整句翻译外刊经贸知识选读复习要点教学总结

2021年1月20日发(作者：天文学家)
Lesson One China in the Market Place

一、术语：


manufactured goods
制成品


capital equipment
资本货物


balance of payments
国际收支


current account
经常项目


visible trade account
有形贸易项目


invisible trade account
无形贸易项目


trade surplus
贸易顺差


trade deficit
贸易逆差


barter
易货贸易


compensation trade
补偿贸易


counter-trade
反向贸易


assembly manufacturing
组装生产


industrial and commercial consolidated tax
工商统一税


joint venture
合资企业


deferred payment
延期付款


buyer credit
买方信贷


supplier credit
卖方信贷


soft loan
软贷款

（低息贷款）


MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment
最惠国待遇


PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations
永久性正常贸易关系


NI: National Income
国民收入


GNP: Gross National Product
国民生产总值


GDP: Gross Domestic Product
国内生产总值


IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
国际复兴和开发银行


IDA: International Development Association
国际开发协会


IFC: International Finance Corporation
国际金融公司


OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
经济合作和发展组织


BIS: Bank for International Settlement
国际清算银行


EEC: European Economic Community
欧洲经济共同体


EU: European Union
欧洲联盟


FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
外商直接投资


二、词语释义：


exacerbate: deteriorate
恶化


disrupt: interrupt
中断


in the wake of: following
继┉之后


breakdown: analysis by classification
分类分析


buoyant: brisk
上扬的，增产的


run-down: reduction

mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions

insofar as: to the extent
在┉范围之内


bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress

三、句子翻译：


Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese ec
onomy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the na
tional economy.

官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了
1978
年中国的进口增加
了
50%
以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。


The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China
nation
许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：
通过外国直接投资和
优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被





许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：
通过外国直 接投资和
优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方
式。…… 在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，
中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法 是不妥当的。




《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（二）！！！




Lesson
two
The
Curtain
Goes
up



一、术语：



The
special
Economic
Zone
经济特区



a
well-placed
source
一位高层消息灵通人士



infrastructure
基础设施



capital
stock
实际资本



consumer
goods
消费品



preferential
tax
rate
优惠税率



cooperative
enterprise
合作（经营）企业



ETDZ
（

Economic
&Technical
Development
Zone
）
经济技术开发区



entrepreneurship
企业家精神



means
of
production
生产资料



stock-taking
评估



二、词语释义：



in
piecemeal
form:
piece
by
piece;
gradually
逐渐的



showpiece:
a
prime
or
outstanding
example
典范



pipedream:
fantasy;
daydream;
dream
that
cannot
be
realized
白日梦



from
scratch:
from
the
very
beginning
从零开始，从最初开始



grassroots:
basic
level
基层



the
dust
settles:
the
confusion
ends
尘埃落定



in
the
driver’
s
seat:
in
the
dominant
position


三、句子翻译：



In
the
SEZs,
which
are
being
built
almost
from
scratch,
for
eigners
can
invest
in
anything
which
the
state
deems
useful

for
the
country,
be
it,
for
example,
production
of
goods
for
export
or
construction
of
private-housing
estates.



在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，
外国人可对任
何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人 住宅的房地产开发。




So,
while
comprehensive
framework
for
the
country’
s
moderniza
tion
has
been
provided
by
the
central
committee’
s
21
Octobe
r
1984
decision
to
reform
the
economic
structure,
it
will
b
e
some
time
before
the
dust
settles
and
local
authorities
a
nd
foreign
investors
can
deal
with
one
another
in
a
systema
tic
way.



因此，虽然中央委员会
1984
年
10
月
21
日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代
化提供了一个 综合的框架，
但要等尘埃落定、
要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条
不紊的打交道却还需 要一段时间。




Lesson
Three
Beijing
Rising


一、术语：



economic
heavyweight
举足轻重的经济强国



commercial
hub
商业活动中心



Per
capita
人均



Gross
National
Product
国民生产总值



punitive
import
tariff
惩罚性进口关税



securities
有价证券



real
estate
market
房地产市场



“

Greater
China trade
bloc
“大中华”贸易集团



conglomerate
跨行业公司



consortium
国际财团



二、词语释义：



jockey:
move


is
bustling
with:
is
filled
with


giddy:
dizzy;
euphoric


farfetched:
improbable;
incredible


clear:
earn
a
net
profit


Deal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level retaliation: return of
ill
treatment
for
ill
treatment;
revenge;
reprisal
career
out
of
control:
run
out
of
control
三、句子翻译：
With
the
U.S.
Congress
due
to
consider
the renewal
deal
a
hard
blow
to:
strike
heavily


rung:
level


retaliation:
return
of
ill
treatment
for
ill
treatment;
reven
ge;
reprisal


career
out
of
control:
run
out
of
control


三、句子翻译：



With
the
U.S.
Congress
due
to
consider
the
renewal
of
China
’
s
most-favored
nation
trade
status
in
June,
officials
in
B
eijing
fear
the
trade
imbalance
could
surpass
human
rights
a
s
a
source
of
U.S.
opposition
to
preferred
status
for
China
.
Beijing
has
cut
this
year’
s
growth
target
from
10
to
8.
5
per
cent,
in
an
effort
to
keep
the
economy
from
careerin
g
out
of
control
just
as
it
was
cut
back
in
1989
and
199
0
when
it
overheated.


Lesson
four
The
Economic
Scene:
A
Global
Perspective


一、术语：



centrally-planned
economy
中央计划经济



market
economy
市场经济



disinflationary
(anti-inflationary)
policies
反通货膨胀政策



deflation
通货紧缩



short- term
dollar
interest
rates
短期美元利率



commodity
market
商品市场



nominal
(dollar)
terms
名义（美元）价



constant
(dollar)
terms
不变（美元）价



business
cycle
商业周期



weighted
average
加权平均数



hard
currencies
硬通货



fiscal
adjustment
财政调整



portfolio
investment
有价证券投资



market
diversification
市场多元化



tight
credit
policy
紧缩的信贷政策



exchange-rate
devaluation
汇率贬值



accommodative
monetary
policy
融通性货币政策



yield
curve
收益曲线



per
capita
GDP
人均国内生产总值



GATT:
General
Agreement
on
Tariffs
and
Trade
关贸总协定



EMS:
European
Monetary
System
欧洲货币体系



GDP
deflator
消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数
（

GDP
平减指数）



CMEA
(Comecon):
Council
for
Mutual
Economic
Assistance
经互
会



LIBOR:
London
Inter-Bank
Offered
Rate
伦敦同业银行优惠利率



二、词语释义：



in
a
row:
in
succession


easing:
slowing
down;
decrease


momentum:
force
of
movement


underlying:
being
at
the
basis
of


slackening:
slowing
of
speed


compound:
worsen


moderate
inflation:
ease
inflation


robust:
strong
and
healthy


setbacks:
frustrations


slump:
depression


edge
down:
move
slowly
down


depreciation:
devaluation


spike:
abrupt
increase


pick-up:
recovery


rein
in:
control


bottoming-out:
reaching
the
lowest
point
before
rising
again
（

止跌回升）



三、句子翻译：



Although
the
weakness
in
demand
in
the
United
States
led
to

a
sharp
decline
in
short-term
dollar
interest
rates
—
a
posi
tive
development
for
many
developing
countries
—
it
also
contri
buted
to
a
drop
of
over
6
percent
in
nonoil
commodity
pric
es
and
to
a
slackening,
to
3
percent,
in
the
growth
of
wo
rld
trade.
Increasingly
buoyant
intraregional
trade
in
East
A
sia
may
be
viewed
as
evidence
of
an
ongoing
process
of
“m
arket-
oriented”

regional
integration,
a
development
that
could

partially
offset
lackluster
progress
in
the

Lesson
Five
U.S.
is
Prepared
to
See
Trade
Relations
Worsen
一、
术语：
trade
representative
贸易谈判代表
government
procurement
政府采购
NAFTA
（
North
America Free Trade Agreements
）北美自由贸易协定
trade sanctions
贸易





Lesson
Five
U.S.
is
Prepared
to
See
Trade
Relations
Worsen



一、术语：



trade
representative
贸易谈判代表



government
procurement
政府采购



NAFTA
（

North
America
Free
Trade
Agreements
）北美自由贸易协
定



trade
sanctions
贸易制裁



trade
hawks
贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物



二、词语释义：



tough:
uncompromising
（不妥协的，强硬的）



discrimination:
unfair
treatment


sanctions:
penalty


escalate:
develop;
intensify


frictions:
conflicts


procurement:
purchase


be
bullied
into
doing:
be
forced
to
do


is
awake
to:
is
conscious
of


amenable
to:
responsive
to


a
ragged
start:
a
poor
start


三、句子翻译：



Administration
officials
see
little
risk
that
this
more
aggre
ssive
policy
could
escalate
into
a
full-fledged
trade
war
th
at
would
shock
the
world’
s
fragile
economies.
Thus,
the
adm
inistration
will
not
be
deterred
by
complaints
that
it
has
moved
to
“protectionism.”

In
some
ways,
Mr.
Clinton
and
hi
s
advisers
are
following
the
same
well-trod
path
as
the
Bus
h
administration,
which
threatened
sanctions
against
the
Commu
nity
last
year
and
walked
away
from
GATT
negotiations
rather

than
sign
an
agreement
that
would
provide
only
small
gains

for
U.S.
companies.




Lesson
Six
Economic
Troubles
Cloud
New
Market’
s
Future


一、术语：



the
single
market
统一大市场

Maastricht
Treaty
马斯特里赫特条
约



barrier-free
market
无壁垒市场

free-trade
zone
自由贸易区



referendum
公民复决投票

merger
兼并



budget
cuts
预算削减

political
and
economic
integration
政治经
济一体化




deregulation
放松管制

privatization
私有化



二、词语释义：



big
bang:
strong
and
powerful
effect;
impact
（不同凡响的效
果）



sour:
worsen
backlash:
a
strong
adverse
reaction


be
bursting
to:
be
eager
to
（迫不及待
地

…

）

skid:
slide;
fall


gush
about:
talk
about
with
excessive
enthusiasm
（滔滔不绝地谈
论）



translate
into:
transform
into
hang
over:
impend
over;
threat
en


三、句子翻译：



Yet
in
its
current
dour
mood,
Europe
risks
almost
overlookin
g
the
revolutionary
step
forward
it
has
taken
in
creating
t
he
world’
s
largest
and
wealthiest
barrier- free
market
—

and

on
a
continent
where,
for
centuries,
economic
battles
have

led
to
some
of
history’
s
bloodiest

Lesson
Seven
Japan
Says
No
一、术语：
free
trade
自由贸易
trade
sanctions
贸易制裁
fiscal packages
财政一揽子计划
managed trade
管理贸易
trade