焦糖玛奇朵英文环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案

2021年1月20日发(作者：仅接受)
环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案（第二版）

——钟理主编


Exercises 0
Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests,
ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.

About Myself
My name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is
very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more
people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m
much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.

My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My
ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my
mother and I, that’s all.


Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of
friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing
mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is
essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.

I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still
not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more
skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after
graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can
drive a car or a bus.













Unit 1 (P.4)
1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.
life expectancy
：

耐用期限，平均寿命

poverty-stricken
：

贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的

smog-laden air
：

烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气

global conditions
：

全球状况

haves and have-nots
：

富人和穷人

underprivileged
：

社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的

savanna
：热带大草原，稀树草原

predator
：食肉动物，捕食者

environmental disruptions
：

环境破坏，环境失调


2 Put the following into English.
农药
—
pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)
化肥
—
chemical fertilizer
有机废物
—
organic wastes
微生物
—
microorganism / microbe
衰减
—
attenuation
阻滞的
—
retardant / blocking
稀释
—
dilution
添加剂
—
additive
合成塑料
—
synthetic plastic
再生
—
regeneration



Unit 3 (P.19)
1 Put the following into Chinese.
(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste.
原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。

(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process
chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement. 不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，
增加处理废弃物

的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。

(3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic
noncyanide cadmium bath.
洛克希德（公司）成功地将碱性氰化镉溶液槽改变为酸性不含氰化镉的溶液槽。

(4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.
不要进行重复研究。发展网络伙伴以分享思想。


3 Put the following into Chinese.
Waste reduction/waste/minimization:
减少废物
/
废弃物
/
最小化

In- process:
工程内，进程内

Housekeeping:
维持管理

Equipment modification landfills:
设备改造，填埋

Biodegradable solvents:
可生物降解溶剂

Volatile chemicals:
挥发性化学品

Management commitment:
管理层的承诺




Unit 5 (P.34)
1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese.
primary pollutant
一次大气污染物

secondary pollutant
二次大气污染物

air stagnation
空气流动停滞，大气停滞

nitrous oxide
一氧化二氮
(N2O)
nitric oxide
一氧化氮
(NO)
nitrogen dioxide
二氧化氮
(NO2)
soot
煤烟

dust
灰尘

smog
烟雾

ozone
臭氧

herbicide
除草剂

pesticide
杀虫剂

/
农药


2 Put the following into English.
正常浓度

normal concentration
严重污染的

serious polluted / heavily polluted
决定因素

determining factor
光化学氧化物

photochemical oxidant
液体微滴

liquid droplet
放射性物质

radioactive substance
不完全氧化

incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion
含硫的

sulfur-containing
风化

wind erosion / weathering
汽车尾气

automobile exhaust



Unit 6 (P.40)
1 Put the following into Chinese
(1) The most severe sequence of CO
2
induced global warning would be melting of the polar
ice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains.
由
CO
2
所引起的全球变暖的最严重后果是极地冰帽的熔化，以及随之而来的海平面上升所

引发的沿海平原的洪水。

(2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO
2
has been
predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.
虽然大多数气候模型已经预测大气中
CO
2
浓度的增加将引起全球变暖，但对于这样的气候

变暖还没有实证观察过。

(3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately
coincide with increased industrialization and pollution.
尽管这些资料表明了平均地面 温度和气候的趋势，
但不幸的是，
恰恰遇上了这段时期内日益

增强的工业化和污染。


2 Put the following into English.
温室效应

effect of greenhouse
由二氧化碳引起的

caused by CO
2
世界碳预算

world carbon budget
天气的自然波动

natural fluctuations in climate
全球变暖

global warming
厌氧的

anaerobic
甲烷

methane
臭氧层

ozonosphere
气候模型

climatic models
腐烂

decay



Unit 7 (P.47)
3 Put the following into English.
出口

outlet
多管高效旋风分离器

multitube high-efficiency cyclone
合成纤维

synthetic fabric
捕集效率

collection efficiency
机械洗涤

mechanical scrubbing
压力降

pressure drop
焚化炉

incinerator
气体离子

gas ion
捕集板

collection surface
碳黑

carbon black



Unit 8 (P.52)
1 Put the following into English.