费卢杰外刊经贸知识选读重点、知识点归纳

2021年1月20日发(作者：十年寒窗无人问)

第一章


术语


制成品

manufactured goods
资本货物

capital goods
国际收支

balance of payments
经常项
目

current account
有形贸易项目

visible trade account
无形贸易项目

invisible trade account
贸易顺差

trade surplus
贸易逆差

trade deficit
易货贸易

barter
补偿贸易

compensation trade
反

向
贸
易

counter-trade
组
装
生
产

assembly
manufacturing
工
商
统
一
税

industrial
and
commercial
consolidated
tax
合资企业

joint
venture
延期付款

deferred
payment
买方信贷

buyer
credit
卖方信贷

supplier
credit
软贷款

（低息贷款）

soft
loan
最惠国待遇

MFN
treatment
（
Most Favored nation treatment
）


永久性正常贸易关系

PNTR
（
Permanent
Normal
Trading
Relations
）

国民收入

NI
（
National
Income
）

国民生产总值

GNP
（
Gross National Product
）

国内生产总值

GDP
（
Gross Domestic
Product
）

国际复兴和开发银行

IBRD
（
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
）

国际开发协会

IDA
（
International Development Association
）

国际金融公司

IFC
（
International
Finance
Comporation
）

经济合作和发展组织

OECD
（
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and Development
）

国际清算银行

BIS
（
Bank
for
International
Settlement
）

欧洲经济共同体

EEC
（
European
Economic Community
）

欧洲联盟

EU
（
European Union
）

外商直接投资

FDI
（
Foreign Direct
Investment
）

二、词语释义：

substantially
：

dramatically
，

significantly
，

considerably
subsequently
：

afterwards
exacerbate
：

deteriorate
，

worsen
；

aggravate
；

make worse
withdraw
：

cancellation
theme
：

principle
in return for
：

in exchange for
disrupt
：

interrupt
destined
：

designed
pronounced
：

marked
in the wake of
：

following
；

after with
undue
：

too much
；

unbearable
reverse
：

change to the opposite
buoyant
：

brisk
outcome
：

result
boost
：

stimulate
；

promote
；

develop
recover
：

rebound
facilitate
：

make easy
run- down
：

reduction
mount exhibitions
：

hold exhibitions
insofar as
：

to the extent
bottlenecks
：

obstacles
三、句子翻译

1.
During
the
1950s
China
exported
agricultural
products
to
the
USSR
and
East
European


countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country
‘
s
industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.
20
世纪
50
年代，
中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国 家的工业化计划所
要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

2.
The
growth
of
foreign
trade
was
distrupted
again
during
the
Cultural
Revolution
when
agricultural
and
industrial
production
fell
sharply
and
transportation
constraints
became
more
serious.
在文化大革命期间，
外贸的增长又一次被打断 了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，
运输管制
变的更严重。

3.
Exports
grew
much
faster
than
imports
during
this
period
not
only
because
of
the
strong
emphasis placed on exporting by China
‘
s economic planners
，

but also because a number of
industrial
projects
were
postponed
in
1979.
Official
recognition
that
foreign
technology
could
play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy hascaused imports to rise by more than 50
per cent in1978
，



placing undue strain on the national economy.

在这个时期，
出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，
也是因为
大多工业项目在
1979
年被推迟了。官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大
作用，这 导致了
1978
年中国的进口增加了
50%
以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压 。

4.
Chinese
official
stress
the
importance
of
introducing
advanced
technology
to
domestic
industry
，

but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication
，
not necessarily for
advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.
中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不 同的精尖技术，
而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。

5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments
，
but
the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from
tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.
没 有官方
的统计
资料
涉及无形贸易收支，
但在
1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的
显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。

6.
Goods
are
produced
according
to
a
sample
provided
by
the
customer
，
while
strong
encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials
and equipment and receives manufactured goods
，

produced by the equipment provided
，
in
return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link
between
the
equipment
supplied
from
abroad
and
the
manufactured
product.
Assembly
manufacturing
began
in
1978
and
particular
forms
of
foreign
trade
are
eligible
for
exemption
from customs duties and taxation.
根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，
同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。
由此 国外的供应商提供原材料和
设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成品作为回报。
补偿贸易在 某种程度上不同于易货
贸易和反向贸易，在国外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。来件组装始于1978
年，特
殊的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。

7.
The
debt
problems
confronting
a
number
of
developing
countries
have
reinforced
China
‘
s
determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary
finance
rather
than
by raising
substantial
sums
of
money
on
the
international
capital
markets.
The
authorities
do
not
consider
it
appropriate
to
incur
large
amounts
of
external
debt
until
a
number of practical bottlenecks in the economy
，

such as an inadequate transport network and


energy constraints
，

have been tackled.
许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的决心 ：
采用直接投资和
优惠付款方式融资，
而不是在国际资本市场筹集大额的资金。
在经济中的许多实际瓶颈，
如
运输网络的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方认为招来大笔外债 的做法是不妥当的。




第二章


一、术语：

special Economic Zone
经济特区

2.a well-placed source
一位高层消息灵通人士

tructure
基


础设施


l stock
实际资本

er goods
消费品

ential tax rate
优惠税率

ative enterprise
合作（经营）企业


（

Economic &Technical Development Zone
）经济技术开发区

reneurship
企业家精神

of production
生产资料

-taking
评估

tion of resources
资源配置

egulation and control
宏观调控

policies
财政政策

monetary policy
紧缩的货币政策

g capital
运营资本

policy
基本国策

cal transformation
技术革新

二、词语释义：

piecemeal form
：

piece by piece
；

gradually
逐渐的

ece
：

a prime or outstanding example
典范

eam
：

fantasy
；

daydream
；

dream that cannot be realized
白日梦


scratch
：

from the very beginning
从零开始，从最初开始

oots
：

basic level
基层

dust settles
：

the confusion ends
尘埃落定

the driver
‘


s seat
：

in the dominant position

三、句子翻译：

1.A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain
，

declared itself
“
open to the outside world
”

and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to
come and do serious business.
明显地，
满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分 的竹幕，
并宣布向外部世界开放，
打出邀请外国投资
者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌 。



literally
，

this does not make more sense as the parts of the coast which have not been
“
opened
”

are simply not ready for the demands of foreign businessman.
从字面上来理解，这没有太大的意义，由于部分沿海城市还没有为外商的需求做好准备。


the
SEZs
，

which
are being
built
almost
from
scratch
，

foreigners
can
invest
in
anything
which the state deems useful for the country
，

be it
，

for example
，

production of goods for
export or construction of private-housing estates.
在一切几乎 从零开始的经济特区，
只要中国政府认为对国家有益，
外国人可对任何项目进行
投资， 例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。


，

while comprehensive framework for the country
“
s modernization has been provided by
the central committee
”
s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure
，

it will be
some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one
another in a systematic way.
因此，虽然中央委员 会
1984
年
10
月
21
日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的 现代化提供了一
个综合的框架，
但要等尘埃落定、
要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不 紊的打交道却还需要
一段
时间
。


-taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People
‘
s Congress
discusses the seventh five-year plan
，

which will run to the end of the decade.
评估开放政策将在这年迟一些到来， 在全国人民代表大会讨论第七个五年计划，到
10
年末
将进行。



第三章


一、术语：

ic heavyweight
举足轻重的经济强国

cial hub
商业活动中心

capita
人均

National Product
国民生产总值

ve import tariff
惩罚性进口关税

ties
有价证券

estate market
房地产市场

8.
“

Greater China
”
trade bloc
“大中华”贸易集团

merate
跨行业公司

tium
国际财团


：
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
关贸总协定

二、词语释义：


：

move
bustling with
：

is filled with

：

dizzy
；

euphoric
ched
：

improbable
；

incredible

：

earn a net profit
a hard blow t strike heavily

：

level
ation
：

return of ill treatment for ill treatment
；

revenge
；

reprisal


out of control
：

run out of control
三、句子翻译：


1. A farfetched prediction
？

The new American administration doesn
‘
t think so. Bill Clinton has
appointed
China
hands
to
top
Asia
posts
at
the
state
and
Treasury
departments.
When
critics
called the appointments a slight to Japan
，


the leading Pacific economic power
，

U.S. Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman explained
the administration
’
s reasoning
：

by early in the next century
，

he said
，
China may replace
Japan in importance to the U.S. as an economic partner. Japan recognizes the rise of China. As a
warning shot in an intensifying rivalry
，

Tokyo last week put punitive import tariffs on Chinese
steel.

一个牵强的预测吗？新美国行政机构不这样俯为，
克林顿已 被委任中国国务院和财政部在亚
洲的要职，评论家称这个委任冷落了日本。最大的太平经济力量，美国的 代表
-
财政部长罗
格·奥得曼解释行政机构的理由：他说：
“在下个世纪初， 中国可以会取代日本作为美国经
济伙伴的重要地位。
”日本承认中国的崛起，上周日本作为在日 益激烈竞争中的一次鸣枪警
示给中国的钢以惩罚性的进口关税。

the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China
“
s most-favored nation trade status
in June
，

officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of
U.S. opposition to preferred status for China.
”
The trade surplus itself will be the NO.1 problem
this year.
“

Says one Chinese official.
”
After Japan
，

we
‘
ll be first in line for relation.
“

美国议会由于考虑在 六月延长中国最惠国待遇，
北京
的官员担心贸易不平衡可能超越人权问
题而作为反对优 惠待遇的借口。
中国的一位官员说：
“贸易顺差将会成为今年首要问题。
”
继
日本之后，我们会成为第一个被报复的国家。

r
，

even as the party promotes growth as a national priority
，

it worries about going
too
far.
Inflation
has
recently
climbed
back
into
double
digits
，

and
the
party
press
is
issuing
strident
warnings
，

urging
restraint
on
buyers
and
sellers
alike.
Rapid
development
is
overwhelming China
‘
s antique transport networks.
然而，
正当党把促进增长作为一个国家优先的问题 时，
它又担心增长的太快。
通货膨胀已在
近期又回到了两位数，党政刊物发出刺耳的警 告，力劝买卖方都要克制。



第四章


一、术语：

lly-planned economy
中央计划经济

economy
市场经济

lationary
（
anti-inflationary
）

policies
反通货膨胀政策

ion
通货紧缩

-term dollar interest rates
短期美元利率

ity market
商品市场

l
（
dollar
）

terms
名义（美元）价

nt
（
dollar
）

terms
不变（美元）价
ss cycle
商业周期

ed average
加权平均数

currencies
硬通货

adjustment
财政调整