snowing英语教学法教程(2)

2021年1月20日发(作者：布匿战争)
ural view about language
结构主义语言观
：
The structural view
of
language
sees
language
as
a
linguistic
system
made
up
of
various
subsystems: the sound system(phonology)
语音系统，
the discrete units
of meaning produced by some combinations(morphology)
语音组合
, and
the system of combing units of meaning for communicati on(syntax)
句法
语言的结构观点认为语言是一个语言系统由各种子系统
:< br>音响系统
(
语
音
)
语音系统
,
离散单元的意 义产生的一些组合
(
形态学
)
语音组合
,
和系
统梳 理单位沟通
(
语法
)
句的意义法。

onal view about language
功能主义语言观
：
The functional view
not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing
things.
功能观不仅认为语言是一种语言系统，而且是一种做事的手段。

orist theory about learning.
行为主义学习理论
：
Language is also
a form of behavior It can learned the same way as an animal is trained to
respond to stimuli.
语言也是一种行为形式，它可以像训练动物对刺激
做出反应一样学习。

stic competence
语言能力
：
Linguistic competence is concerned
with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning. It involves
spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammar structure,
sentence structure and semantics
语言能力是指对语言本身、
形式和意
义的认识。它包括拼写、发音、词汇、构词、语法结构、句子结构和
语义义对冲强调
.

tic competence
语用能力
：
Pragmatic competence is concerned
with the appropriate use of language in social context. (That’s to say, the
choice
of
the
vocabulary
and
structure
depends
on
the
setting,
the
relative
status
of
the
speakers,
and
relations hips.
语用能力是指语言在
社会语境中的恰当运用。
(
也就是说，
词汇和结构的选择取决于语境、
说话人的相对地位和关系
)
。


rse competence
语篇能力
：
Discourse competence refers to one’s
ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to
understand
them.
In
other
words,
it
is
one’s
ability
to
express
or
to
understand a topic logically and coherently by effectively employing

o r
comprehending the cohesive markers used in the discourse.
语篇能力是
指一个人创造连贯的书面文本或对话的能力以及理解它们的能 力。
换
句话说，
它是一个人通过有效地运用或理解语篇中使用的衔接标记来
逻 辑连贯地表达或理解一个主题的能力。

gic
competence
策略能力
：
It
refers
to
strategies
one
employs
when there is communication breakdown due to lack of re sources.
它指
的是一个人在由于缺乏资源而导致沟通障碍时所采用的策略。

y
流畅性
：
It means one’s ability to speech together with facility
and
without
strain
or
inappropriate slowness
or
undue
hesitation.
它指
的是一个人能够从 容自如地讲话，
没有紧张，
没有不适当的迟缓或不
应有的犹豫。





teaching
model
3P
教学模式
：
A
model
of
teaching
include
presentation, practice and production.


questions(
开放性问题
)
：
open
questions
may
invite
many
different answers.

questions:
Closed questions refer to those with only one single
correct answer.

12 .Display questions
：
display questions are those that the answer are
already known to the teacher and they areused for checking if students
know the answers.

13. Genuine question(
真实性问题
)
：
are questions which are used to find
out new information and since they often reflect real contexts, they are
therefore more communicative.

Bloom's taxonomy
：

dge
：
recalling

facts, terms, and basic concepts.
回顾事实、
术语和基本概念。

hension
：
Understanding of facts and ideas by organising,
comparing,translating, describing interpreting, and stating the main
ideas.
通过组织、比较、翻译、描述口译和陈述主要观点来理解
事实和观点。

ation
：
(
运
用
)
applying
acquired
Knowledge,
facts,
techniques and rules in different context.
将学到的知识、事实、技
巧和规则运用到不同的情境中。

17. Aanlysis (
分析
)
：
Identify the relationship, cause, or motivation,
and find evidence to support the main idea.
确定关系、原因或动机，
并找到支持主要观点的证据。

18.
Synthesis
：
(
综合
)
Combining
element
in
a
different
way
and
proposing
alternative
solutions,
creative
thinking.
以一种不同 的方
式结合元素并提出替代方案，创造性思维。

tion
：
(
评价
)
present
and
defend
opinion
by
making
an
informed judgement about information or idears based on a set of
criteria.
根据一套标准对信息或想法作出明 智的判断，
从而陈述和
捍卫意见。

Methods of correcting errors(5
种
)
：

20.
Direct

teacher correction
：
Point out the student's mistakes directly.

ct teacher correction
：
Repeat the student's mistakes and let him
find out his mistakes.


–
correction
：

Stress the wrong places or repeat the sentences.
Let the students find the mistakes themselves.

23. Peer correction
：
(
同级纠错
)
：
Ask a classmate to get up and correct
his mistakes.

24.
Whole
class
correction
：

Write
the
students'
mistakes
on
the
blackboard and correct them collectively.

l pairs(
最小对立体
)
：
Minimal ppairs are pairs of words which
have only one sound different each other.