sweeter结构件常用检验工具使用方法及检验标准(中英文对照)

2021年1月20日发(作者：toque)
结构件常用检验量具使用方法及检验标准

Usage common inspection tools and Inspection standard of structural
parts


一、

游标卡尺
(
Vernier caliper
)
1.1
简介
( Brief introduction )
游标卡尺是一种常用的量具， 具有结构简单、使用方便、精度中等和测量的尺寸范围大
等特点，可以用它来测量零件的外径、内径、长 度、宽度、厚度、深度和孔距等，应用范围
广泛。

Vernier caliper is a common measuring tools, It is Simple structure

Easy to
useThe accuracy Medium, It can measure
the outer diameter

inside
diameter Width


Thickness Depth and Hole pitch of component,

Wide range of applications.

1.2
游标卡尺的读数原理和读数方法
(Reading
principle
and
Reading
Method
of
Vernier
caliper
)
游标卡尺的读数机 构，是由主尺和游标
(
如图
2
―
2
中的
6
和
8)
两部分组成。当活动量
爪与固定量爪贴合时，游标上的
“
0< br>”
刻线
(
简称游标零线
)
对准主尺上的
“
0
”
刻线，此时量爪间
的距离为
“
0
”
，见图
1
―
2
。当尺框向右移动时，固定量爪与活动量爪之间的距离，就是零件
的 测量尺寸，见图
1
―
1
。此时零件尺寸的整数部分，可在游标零线左边的主尺 刻线上读出
来，而零件尺寸的小数部分，可借助游标读数机构来读出。

Vernier caliper readings agency, It is composed of the main scale and vernier
two
parts
.

When the active
jaw and
fixed
jaw of bonding,
Cursors
engraved line
aligned
with
the
main
scale

engraved
line
，
At
this
point
the
distance
between
the
jaws
is

See
Figure
1-2
。
When
the
foot
frame
is
moved
to
the
right
，
The
distance
between the fixed jaw and active jaw
，
It is a measure of the size of the part
，
See
Figure
1-1
。
the
integer
part
of
the
part
size
，
It
is
can
be
read
out
at
the
cursor
zero
line
to
the
left
of main
scale
reticle
，
the
fractional
part
of
the
part
size
，
It is can be read out at the cursor readout mechanism.

图
1
-
1
游标卡尺的结构型式之一

Figure 1-1 One structure type of the vernier caliper
1-

尺身；
2-
上量爪；
3-
尺框；
4-
紧固螺钉；
5-
深度尺；
6-
游标；
7 -
下量爪。

1-Foot body; 2-

Upper jaw; 3-

Foot frame; 4-

Fastening the screws;
5-

Depth Gauge; 6-

Vernier; 7-

Lower jaw

图

1
-
2
游标卡尺的结构型式之二

Figure 1-2 Two structure type of the vernier caliper
1
一尺身；
2
一上量爪、
3
一尺框；
4
一紧固螺钉；
5
一微动装置；
6
一主尺；
7
一微动螺母；
8
一 游标；
9
—
下量爪

1-Foot body; 2-

Upper jaw; 3-

Foot frame; 4-

Fastening the screws;
5-Fine tuning device; 6-Main scale; 7-Fine tuning nut; 8- Vernier; 9- Lower jaw
1.3
游标卡尺的使用方法
( Use vernier caliper )
使用游标卡尺测量零件尺寸时，必须注意下列几点：

When using calipers to measure part dimensions,

you
must pay attention to the
following points
：

1)

测量前应把卡尺擦干净，
检查卡尺 的两个测量面和测量刃口是否平直无损，
把两个量爪
紧密贴合时，
应无明显的间隙，< br>同时游标和主尺的零位刻线要相互对准。
这个过程称为
校对游标卡尺的零位。

Should
be
wiped
clean
calipers
before
measuring
，
Check
the
two
measuring
surface
and measuring
edge
is
non-destructive
of
Calipers.
The
two
jaws
tightly
timely,
there should be no obvious gap, Meanwhile vernier and main scale of zero
engraved
lines
to
be
aligned
with
each
other.
This
process
is
called
proofreading
vernier caliper zero position.
2)

移动尺框时，活动要自如，不应有过松或过紧，更不能有晃动现象。用固定螺钉固定尺
框时，
卡 尺的读数不应有所改变。在移动尺框时，
不要忘记松开固定螺钉，
亦不宜过松
以免掉了 。

When
moving
foot
frame,

activities
to
ease,

there
should
not
be
too
loose
or
too
tight,

it
is
can
not
have
shaking
phenomenon
。
When
fixed
foot
frame
with
screws
，
Caliper readings should not be changed
。
When moving foot frame
，
Do not forget
to loosen the screw
，
also should not be too loose to avoid lost
。

3)

当测量零件的外尺寸时
,
卡尺两测量面的联线应垂直于被测量表面，
不能歪斜。
测量时，
可以轻轻摇动 卡尺，
放正垂直位置，
图
3
所示正确位置。否则，
量爪若在如图3
所示的错
误位置上，将使测量结果
a
比实际尺寸
b
要 大。

When
measuring
the
external
dimensions
of
the
parts,
caliper
’
s
two-line
measuring surface should be perpendicular to the surface to be measured,

Its
can not skew. When measuring,

you can gently shake the caliper,

Put a positive
vertical
position,

The
correct
position
as
shown
in
Figure
3.

Otherwise,

If
the
jaw in the wrong position in Figure 3.

Make measurements A larger than actual
size B.

图
3
Figure 3
4)

当 测量零件的内尺寸时：图
4
所示。要使量爪分开的距离小于所测内尺寸，进入零件内
孔 后，
再慢慢张开并轻轻接触零件内表面，
用固定螺钉固定尺框后，
轻轻取出卡尺来读< br>数。取出量爪时，用力要均匀，并使卡尺沿着孔的中心线方向滑出，不可歪斜。

When measuring the inside size of the part, To make jaws apart a distance less
than the inside size of measured,


after entering the hole parts, then slowly
open jaws to gently touch the part inside surface,

You must use fixing screws
to fix foot frame, then
gently
taken out
caliper to reading.
When
removing the
jaw,
force
should
be
uniform,
Make
caliper
slide
out
along
the
centerline
hole,
can not skew.



图
4
内孔的测量方法


Figure 4 Measuring method of inner hole
5)

用游标卡尺测量零件时，
不允许过分地施加压力，
所用压力应 使两个量爪刚好接触零件
表面。
在游标卡尺上读数时，
应把卡尺水平的拿着，
使人的视线尽可能和卡尺的刻线表
面垂直，以免由于视线的歪斜造成读数误差。

When measuring the parts with a vernier caliper, Is not allowed exert undue
pressure, The pressure should make the two jaws just touch part surface. When
the
reading
on
the
vernier
caliper,
Calipers
should
be
placed
levels,
People's
line of
sight as much as possible perpendicular
to the surface of
the caliper,
Prevent the sight skew caused reading error.
6)

为了获得正确的测量结果，可以多测量几次。

In
order
to
obtain
correct
measurement
results,
You
can
measure several
times.



二、

刀口尺
(knife-edge ruler )
2.1
简介
(Brief introduction )
刀口尺主要用光隙法检验精密平 面的直线度和平面度。它具有结构简单，重量轻，操作
方便。

Knife-edge ruler is mainly used for inspection straightness and flatness of
precision surface. Its simple structure
、
light weight
、
easy to operate
。

2.2
刀口尺的使用方法（
Using the method of
knife-edge ruler
）

1
、将刀口尺垂直紧靠在工件表面，并在纵向、横向和对角线方向逐次检查（图
1
）< br>；

The
knife-edge
ruler
vertical
and
against
the
workpiece
surface,

And
to
the
longitudinal,
transverse
and
diagonal
directions
of
successive
inspection.(

Figure
1)




图
1
用刀口尺检验平面度


Figure 1 Use the knife-edge ruler to inspection the flatness
2
、检验时，如果刀口尺与工件平面透光 微弱而均匀，则该工件平面度合格；如果进光强弱
不一，
则说明该工件平面凹凸不平。
可以在刀口尺与工件表面之间插入塞尺，
根据塞尺的厚
度即可确定平面度的误差（图
2
）
。

If
the
transmittance
weak
and
uniform
between
the
knife-edge
ruler
and
the
workpiece
surface , The workpiece flatness qualified. If the transmittance nonuniform, It
shows that the workpiece surface is uneven. You can insert a feeler gauge between
the
knife-edge
ruler
and
the
workpiece
surface,
The
flatness
error
can
be
determined
according to the thickness of the feeler gauge.
（
Figure 2
）