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战胜1993年阅读真题精解

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2021-01-20 07:54
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撑杆跳高-战胜

2021年1月20日发(作者:升频)
1993
年阅读真题精解

(2011-04-15 20:57:41)
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阅读篇

黄涛

教育

时文阅读

Reading Practice 1
93


Passage 1

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a
critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the
drastic
experiment
of
Frederick

in
the
thirteenth
century, it
may
be.
Hoping
to
discover
what
language
a
child
would
speak
if
he
heard
no
mother
tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants
died before
the
first year.
But clearly there
was more
than
lack
of
language
here.
What
was
missing
was
good
mothering.
Without
good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to
survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.
Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often
the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of
the
infant,
whose
brain
is
programmed
to
learn
language
rapidly.
If
these
sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills
passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to
sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and
hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts
suggest
that
speech
stages
are
reached
in
a
fixed
sequence
and
at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in
a
child
who
eventually
turns
out
to
be
of high
IQ.
At
twelve
weeks
a
baby
smiles
and
makes
vowel-like
sounds;
at
twelve
months
he
can
speak
simple
words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a
vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about l, 000 words
which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from
that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to
speak.
What
is
special
about
man’s
brain,
compared
with
that
of
the
monkey,
is
the
complex
system
which
enables
a
child
to
connect
the
sight
and
feel
of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern
incredible
is
the
young
brain’s
ability
to
pick
out
an
order
in
language
from
the
mixture
of
sound
around
him,
to
analyze,
to
combine
and
recombine
the parts of a language in new ways.
But
speech
has
to
be
induced,
and
this
depends
on
interaction
between
the
mother and the child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the
child’
s
babbling
(咿呀学语
)
,
grasping
and
smiling,
and
responds
to
them.
Insensitivity
of
the
mother
to
these
signals
dulls
the
interaction
because
the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.
Sensitivity
to
the
child’s
non
-verbal
signals
is
essential
to
the
growth
and development of language.
21. The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was _________

[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any
human speech
[C]
to
find
out
what
role
careful
nursing
would
play
in
teaching
a
child
to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
22. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably
that _________
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
23. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that __________
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak

[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s

[C] he can produce his own sentences
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
24. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language
learning.

[C] The child’s brain is highly selective.

[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
25. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ________
[A]
have
a
high
IQ [B]
be
less
intelligent
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals [D] not necessarily be
backward

Passage 2

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed
by
a
bureaucratic
(
官僚主义的
)
management
in
which
man
becomes
a
small ,
well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages,
well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and

that
man
has
become
powerless,
that
he
does
not
wholeheartedly
participate
in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the
white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune
of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find
themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable
to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die
without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human
existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive
human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives
are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more
insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be
promoted
or
to
fall
behind
is
not
a
matter
of
salary
but
even
more
a
matter
of
self-respect.
When
they
apply
for
their
first
job,
they
are
tested
for
intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and
independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again---by
the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their
superiors,
who
judge
their
behavior,
sociability,
capacity
to
get
along,
etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than
one’ s fellow
-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very
causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of
production or to nineteenth-century
Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which
one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from
a
bureaucratically
managed
industrialism
in
which
maximal
production
and
consumption
are
ends
in
themselves
into
a
humanist
industrialism
in
which
man and full development of his potentialities ----those of love and of
reason----are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and
consumption
should
serve
only
as
means
to
this
end,
and
should
be
prevented
from ruling man.
26. By
the idea that man is ______
[A] a necessary part of the society though e
ach individual’s function
is negligible
[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C]
an
unimportant
part
in
comparison
with
the
rest
of
the
society,
though
functioning smoothly
[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
27. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that
_____
[A] they are likely to lose their jobs
[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence
28. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to
those
[A] who are at the bottom of the society
[B] who are higher up in their social status
[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors
[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world
29.
To
solve
the
present
social
problems
the
author
suggests
that
we
should
[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities
[D] take the fundamental realities for granted
30.
The
author’s
attitude
towards
industrialism
might
best
be
summarized
as one of ________
[A] approval [B] dissatisfaction [C]
suspicion
[D] tolerance

Passage 3

When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of
action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing
it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor
and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly
(
垄断
) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after
that period terminates.
Only
in
the
most
exceptional
circumstances
is
the
lifespan
of
a
patent
extended to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939
patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because
for most of the patent’ s normal life there was no colo
r TV to receive
and thus no hope of reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated,
the
shelves
of
the
library
attached
to
the
patent
office
contain
details
of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if
older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent
experts
often
advise anyone
wishing
to
avoid
the
high
cost
of
conducting
a
search
through
live
patents
that
the
one
sure
way
of
avoiding
violation
of
any
other
invento
r’
s
right
is
to
plagiarize
a
dead
patent.
Likewise,
because
publication
of
an
idea
in
any
other
form
permanently
invalidates
further
patents
on
that
idea,
it
is
traditionally
safe
to
take
ideas
from
other
areas
of
print.
Much
modern
technological
advance
is
based
on
these
presumptions of legal security.
Anyone
closely
involved
in
patents
and
inventions
soon
learns
that
most

commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through
the
availability
of
new
technology,
that
makes
news
and
money. The
basic
patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of
the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and
early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated
by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
31. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] an approach to patents
[B] the application for patents
[C] the use of patents
[D] the access to patents
32. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[A]
When
a
patent
becomes
out
of
effect,
it
can
be
re-patented
or
extended
if necessary.
[B]
It
is
necessary
for
an
inventor
to
apply
for
a
patent
before
he
makes
his invention public.
[C] A patent holder
must
publicize the
details of his
invention when its
legal period is over.
[D] One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library
attached to the patent office.
33. George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because _________

[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide color programs
[D] the color TV receiver was not available until that time
34. The word

[A]
steal
and
use [B]
give
reward
to [C]
make
public [D]
take and change
35. From the passage we learn that _______.
[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to
commercial practice
[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago
[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one
[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a
search through dead patents
Passage 1 [
长难句精解
]

1
.What
is
special
about
man’s
brain,
compared
with
that
of
the
monkey,
is
the
complex
system
which
enables
a
child
to
connect
the
sight
and
feel
of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern
结构分析



整个句子的主语是
What is special
about man’s brain
引导的是个主语从

,
compared
with
that
of
the
monkeys
是个插入结构,单独处理 ,谓语是
is

表语是
the complex system
,后 面是
which
引导的定语从句,从句的谓语是动
词短语
enable(使)?to(能够去
)

feel
是个名词和前面的名词
sig ht
并列做
connect
的宾语。
“say,”这个词语表示举例说明,< br>相当于
for
example
的意思。
后面又用了一个动词短语
connect A with B(

A

B
联系起来
)


核心词汇

撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜


撑杆跳高-战胜



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