北京翻译英美概况

2021年1月20日发(作者：呼吁和平)
英美概况






第一章

Land and People
英国的国土与人民






I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts
英国的不同名称及其各组成部分




phical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and
England.
地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。

al name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.
官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

British Isles are made up of two large islands- Great
Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.
不列颠群岛由两个大岛
-
大不列颠岛
（较大的一个）
和爱尔兰
岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。

political divisions on the island of Great Britain:
England, Scotland and Wales.
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the
largest, most populous section.
英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。

(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural
zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the
south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh
苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自 然区：北部高地，
中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。

(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff
威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫

(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital:
Belfast.
北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。

Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of
independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was
founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.
英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独 立国家所构成的自由
联合体。它成立于
1931
年，至
1990
年止 已有
50
个成员国。




II. Geographical Features
英国的地理特征




phical position of Britain:
英国的地理位置：

Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the
North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is
separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the
south and the North Sea in the east.

英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它
部分隔开。




north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the
east and southeast are mostly lowlands.
英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。




III. Rivers and Lakes
河流与湖泊




Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，海拔
1,343
米。

Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km).
塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长
338
公里。

Thames River is the second longest and most important river in
Britain. (336km).
泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。全长
336
公里。

Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in
Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres).
讷湖
（内伊湖）
是英国最大的湖，
位于北爱尔兰。
面积为
396
平方公里。

River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.
克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。

Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.
（
1,085m
）

斯诺多尼亚是威尔士的最高点，海拔
1,085
米。

IV
. Climate
气候




1. Britain's favorable climate
英国有利的气候条件：

Britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and
summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall
throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a
small range.

英国属于海洋性气 候：冬季不过于寒冷，夏季不过于炎热。
全年有稳定可靠的降雨量，气温变化幅度小。


factors influence the climate in Britain:
影响英国气候的因素：

1
）
The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal
differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in
summer;
环绕四周的海水。冬天，海 水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使
气温降低，从而起到平衡季节温差的作用；

2)The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over
the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in
winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;
一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮
湿的空气，使气温适宜；

3
）
The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the
British Isles and warms them.
北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。




ll
降雨量：




Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.
The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is
a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the
south and east.
英国全年降雨量稳定，平均降雨量超过
1000
毫米。

英国北
部、西部雨量过多，但是南部、东部有所缺乏。