掩埋英美概况复习资料英国部分

2021年1月20日发(作者：源泉扣缴)
hapter one
★
The land

F
ULL NAME
:


.
“United Kingdom of Great Britain And Northern ireland”

.“
Britain
” comes from “
Brythons
” (300BC)

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L
OCATION
:
h islands are seperated by

“North sea” “English channel “ “Dover strait”

2.50 degree and 60 degree north latitude 2 degree east and 8 degree west longitude

prime meridian of 0 degree passes thorgh “Greenwich”


4.“on which sun never sets”

L
ANDFORMS
:
d area : Midland, Southern and eastern England.
nd area:pennines, the lake district, most of Wales and Scotland
d and Northern ireland are plains
and scotland most are mountainous and highland.
★
The rivers and lakes
1.
The
MOST IMPORTANT
river:
T
HE
T
HAMES
R
IVER
,passes through the centre of London.

LONGEST
river:

T
HE
S
ERVEN
R
IVER
(
流浪剑客之河，锤子长
)


M
ERSEY
River: Manchester by a ship canal,port Liverpool.

MOST BEAUTIFUL PART
in English:
T
HE LAKE
D
ISTRICT
.

LARGEST LAKE
:
THE
L
AKE
N
EAGH NORTHERN IRELAND

★
The Climate
ate,maritime climate:damn,warm

is a foggy city.
a `sunny
.Weathers are instable.
★
Population

Including:

E
NGLISH
(
ANGLO
-
SAXON
);

S
COTTISH
;

W
ELSH
(C
ELTS
)

;

I
RISH
(
CELTIS
)
★
Religion (most important part)
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sion: UK is a
CHRISTIAN
Country.
ished Church:
T
HE CHURCH OF
E
NGLAND
.
head of church:
Queen or king, crowned by archbishop of canterbury westminster Abbey.
Henry VIII

: tantism(
Free church
)
b. non-christain religions: Buddhist, Jews, The Moslems
catholic
is quite weak cause of the failure of Roman colonists

★
Major cities
London:
The capital of England and UK. Inner outer
Edinburgh:
The capital of
Scotland
Cardiff :
The capital
of Wales coal shipping port
Belfast:
The capital
of Northern ireland.
irmingham: The second largest city in Britain.
lascow: The largest
city in Scotland.
Manchester: The oldest city in Britain and the centre of the textile industry.
Chapter Two
★
Currency and banking:pound sterling
1. Old system: 1 pound = 20 shillings, 1 shillings= 12 pence
system: 1 pound = 20 pence
Cupronickel Coins: 50p 10p 5p
Bronze: 2p 1p 0.5p
Paper:1 pound , 5pound, 10 pound, 20pound
Bank of England is Britain’s Central bank. Both as a agent of government and for it’s own
profits.
4.”Big Four” : Lloyd, Barclay, Midland, National westminster Bank group.


Chapter three
★
The Monarchy
1. constitutional monarchy :Queen or king(Queen Elizabeth II)
tically: The Monarchy has all the power----------
“Head of government” ,”Pardon criminal”,
“Commander
-in-
chief of army forces”, “The head of The church of England”, “Declearing war”

reality: All the power rights are on the advice of prime minister. A formality of appointment.
hy’s importance: a. Public attitude.

b. a symbol that queen seems helpful.
royal duties: a. Visiting many parts of Britainic, cheer those workers up.
visit to foreign countries.
other Commonwelth countries.
★
Parliament
The Uk is a unitary, not a federal country.
Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in the realm.
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Consists: Sovereign(queen,give out a speech), House of lord(consists of peers. The head names
The
Lord
Chancellor.)
,
House
of
Commons(650member,elected
from
650
constitiencies.

The
meeting places: A Chamber, named n’s Chapel)

Mainfunction: debating, passing legislation and supervising the goverment and finance.
Method of legislation:a. Providing a bill by either The commons or lords. Lord cannot come up
with any bills involving finance and money.
b. The house of lord Cannot delay nor involve the bills of finance
★
Government
1. Britain is a constitutional Monarchal country. Prime minister and other ministers that they all
are appointed by Queen.
2. A lot of ministers except for three specially titled ministers: The chancellor of the Exchequer(
财
政部长
). The lord chancellor.
Service
The civil service is non-
political, servants will not get changed when government changed it’s
main leading party. Only by public competition.

Cabinet,
Prime
minister
decided
that
few
people
can
get
into
this
group.
There
are
few
ministers of important department, and some other ministers without department.

Privy
Council: All
the
ministers
and
ex-ministers.
Gave
as
an
honour,
and
entitled
to
the
prefix “The right

honourable” before their name.

prime minister: Control both Cabinet and Parliament that as he is the leader of the majority
party in the Commons.
★
General Election
5 years a time.
Two principle parties: Conservative Party and the Labour Party.
Some people who cannot be the voter: people under 18. Peers, Lunatics, the people who have
already has seat in the house of Lords , Churchman.

Chapter Four(History):
★
Earliest man in Britain.
Iberians, from Iberian peninsula 3000BC,However, Only some stone monuments remained.
Celts : 700BC
Two Celts invasions:
1.

Gaels or Goidels , found in Ireland and Scotland.
2.

Cymric and Brythons, found in wales.
★

Roman Britain
1.

twice invaded by Roman troops under Julius Caesar in 55BC and 54BC
2.

Roman province beginning of `5
TH
century
3.

410AD,Roman troops back to continent
4.

3 things of value:Welsh Christianity,the roman roadside, cities(London)
★

Angol-Saxon British
1.

5
TH
century three Teutonic groups,Angles,Saxons and Jutes, migrate from the region of
Denmark and the Low Countries and settle in British
2.

by the end of 7
th
century all england had been Christianized,and by 737 the Church of
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England had been well organized
3.

the development of agriculture and trade(
原因
)
social class:king, earl, thegn, freeman, serfs
★

Feudal society
1.

1066,William of Normandy defeated english army at the battle of Hastings
After Norman Conquest, feudalism was established in england
Social class:king, vassals, tenants
2.

The Great charter:1215,limit the king’s power

★

Decline of feudalism
1.

the hundred
years’ war(1337
-1453)
a feudal war, a trade war:accelerated the breakdown of feudal society,the burden on
the feudal lords and merchant, the new bourgeoisie
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