英语口头禅土木工程专业英语考试题集

2021年1月20日发(作者：闪耀)
一单元

3.1.3Therefore,d
esigns
that
replicate
member
sizes
and

[1.4]
Hydraulic
engineering
is
concerned
with
the
fl
ow
simplify reinforcement placement to result in easier and
and
conveyance
of
fluids,principally
water
．整句的意思
faster
construction
will
usually
result
in
being
more
是：水利工程主要涉及流体的流动和传输，尤其是水

的流
economical
than
a
d
esign
that
achieves
minimum
动和传输。

material quantities.
[1.5] As construction firms tend to
have higher business
因此，那些复制了构件尺寸和简化钢筋位置的设计能促使更
risk than other types‘of civil engmeenng
．


firms
．
manY
容易更快捷的建设，这样的建设通常会比那些只能获得最小
construction engineers tend to t
ake on a rol
e that is more
量材料的设计显得更经济

business
。
like
in
nature
：
drafiing
and
reviewing
3.1.4The final
d
esign will generally be conservative even
contracts
，
evaluating l
ogistical operations
，
and cl
osely
。
though the analysis d
oes
not reflect the
actual nonlinear
monitoring pnces

of necessary supplies
。

structural behavior because
member design is based on

整体的意思是：由于建筑公司比其他类型的民用建筑公司
ultimate
strength
d
esign
and
the
ductility
of
reinforced
往往承担更高的商业风险，许多建筑工程师往往会本能地扮
concrete enabl
e force redistributions.
演一种公事公办的角色：< br>起草和修改合同、
评估后勤的运作、
最终的设计通常是保守的，即使这种分析没有表现出 实际上
严密监控必需供应品的价格等。

的非线性结构行为，但因为构件设计是建立在 极限强度基础
结
构
工
程



structural
engineering





岩
土
工
程



之上，而且钢筋混凝土的延展性又使强度进行了重新分配。

geotechnical
engineering





水
利
工程



hydraulic
力矩：
moment

轴力：
axial force

剪力：
shear force

扭
engineering





海
岸
工
程



coast
al
engineering




矩：




torsion



构件：
member


内力：
internal force

混
环境工程



environmental
engineering





施工工程



凝土隔板：
concrete diaphragm
construction engineering
3.3what
design
criteria
is
for
reinforced
concrete
？



6
Its
段
directing
charter

nature

the
d
efined

great

civil


engineering
sources
as
the

art

of

man
traffic

,as

for


the

use

and


convenience
of


power


of
in

internal

in
the

states,

means

both

of


for
production

external

and

and

of

of
nanvigation

roads,


trad

bridges,
e,

as

applied

aqueducts,

in
the


canals,

construction

and
harbours,

exchang,

and
and

d

ocks
in

the

for


internal

intercourse

river


in
for

the

art
moles,

of
breakwaters
construction

navigation

and

lighthouses

of

ports,

and


construction

the

purposes

by

artificial

power

in


of


commerce,
and

in

the

把民用工程定义为直接为人类的使用和便利的自然界的伟

the

drainage
and


of
application

cities

and

of

towns.

machinery,

and

大力量的来源的艺术，也定义为在各国的生产资料和交通手
段，包 括外部和内部的贸易，如为内部往来和交易为目的的
道路，桥梁，沟渠，运河、航运和码头的建设中的应 用，在
港口、码头、防浪堤、防波堤和灯塔的建设中的应用，在以
商业为目的的人工航运的应用 ，在建筑和机械以及城镇排水
系统中应用的。


二单元


to steel consumption exceeds ten to one.
[1]In many countries the ratio of concrete consumption
消费与钢铁消费的比例已经超过了十比一
在许多国家
,水泥
[2]Therefore,the
materials
primarily by consid
for
the
sel
ection
and
proportioning
.
of
by
the
slip-forming
and
eration of the spread of construction
concrete
mixture
was
governed
durability
of
hard
要考虑滑模施工速度的影响
hostile
environmen t.
所以
,
混凝土材料和配比的选择主
ened
concrete
to
久性的影响
,
以及不利环境中坚硬混凝土耐
[3]Depe< br>cert
be as high
ain geographical
nding on the components’ transportation cost,
.
in
may be as l
as U.S. 75 to $$100 per cubic meter,
l
ocations the price of concrete
at other it
may
根据材料的运输成本
ow as U.S. $$60 to $$70 per cubic meter.
立方米
至
75
至
100
美元
,在某些特定地区
,
,
水泥的价格会高达每
[4]Since an ad
70
美元
.
而在其他地方则会低至每立方米
60
tend
equate concrete cover on reinforcement or
and
ons
is required for structural integrity in
reinforced
against
prestressed
same time.
failure
due
concrete
to
excessive
structures,
heat
is
provid
the
protection
ed
at
the
由于在钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土结构中
,
要求 有一个
足够结实的混凝土封面来确保建筑的一体性
求必须提供因温度过高而导致失败的保护措施
,
所以
,
同时还要

.
三单元
3.1.1
within
The

placement
l
ocation
of
the
steel
which
concrete
is
the
the
concrete
is
specified
by
the
concrete
reinforcement
cover,
筋的布置要根据混凝土覆盖层的具体情况决定，混凝土覆盖
and
cl
the
ear
reinforcement.
dist
ance
between



the



混凝土中加固钢
surface
of
the
层和加固钢筋之间应保持有条理的间距。
3.1.2To

structural
construct
Grade
strength,
concrete
very
high- strength
structures
of
steel
even
such
greater
as
reinforcement bars.
270
strands,
may
要使用强度非常高的钢筋，



要建造更为坚固的混凝土结构，
be
used
instead
of
Grad
e
60
例如，
要使用
270< br>号得加固钢筋，
就
而不是
60
号得。

Safety

、
Aesthetics
、
functional requirement
、
economy
。

第六单元
6-1
themselves frames with large dimensions
The

vertical
l
egs
and
the
horizont
al
links
are
the frame.
in the plane of
垂直支架和水平连接的自身就是在一个平面结构上拥有巨
大尺寸的框架结构
6-2
horizont
the

intervals
al

equivalent

to

corner
make
connections

truss

l
egs

need

strong
them

function

at

frequent
together
like
modular

an
功能等效于等效悬臂，它需要强有力的有频繁模块化间隔的
cantil
ever











为了使角落桁架支柱的
横向连接来保证

by
6-3
accel
the
the
aerodynamic

apertures
which
behaviour

was
greatly
assisted
much
erations
了风切变加速度和力的孔大大增强了空气动力性能。
as
25%
and




forces






due
reduced

由于涡脱落多达
to
vortex
the
shed
cross-wind
25
ding
％从而降低
by
as
6-4
tetrahedral
this
framing
non-essential
framed
resulted
solid
from

form
the
concept
of
a
tube
源于一个四面体框架固体状的概念，这种框架形式的所有的
and the external shaping of it
elements
were
eliminated
where







to



create
all
the

这个框架
the
非基本要素被淘汰来创造管与它的外部塑造。


第七单元
7.1Design

or
the

d
etailing

process


involves

the

sel
ection

and
设计过程包括组成结构系统元件的选择和细节设计。

structural
of

system .

the

components

that

make

up
7.2Two
in

components

of

reaction

are

d
evel

oped
component

hinged
parall
el

to
,

horizontal
one

support

moment

and

three
reaction

and


and
vertical

two

forces
铰支座产生
d
evel
oped


axis

are
2
in

fixed

support .
7.3Structural
力，即
1
个弯 矩，以及两种分别与水平轴和纵轴平行的力。
中构件反作用力，
固定支座能产生
3中反作用
physical

analysis

comprises

the


study

laws

and

mathematics

required
set


to
of
The
engineering


and
subjects

predict

the

behavior

of

structures
.
largely
l

based

artifacts

of

upon



whose
structural
their


ability
integrity

analysis

are

to


is

judged
aircraft
oads
;
they

commonly

include

buil
dings
,
withst
bridges
and
incorporates
,
ships
dynamics

the

and


cars
.
Structural

analysis
,
theories
primary
.

From
as


well
fiel
a

theoretical

ds
as


of
the

mechanics

and


perspective
many

failure

computation

goal

of

structural

analysis

is

the
the
stresses . In
viewed


practice ,
of

d
eformations , internal

structural

analysis

forces , and

can
drive

more

abstractly

as

a

method


be
to
the


the

engineering

d
esign

process

or

prove
结构分析包括物理规律和数学设置所需的研究和预测的结
d
ependence
soundness

on

directly

of

a

testing

design

it.



without


a
构行为，结构分析的对象为工程构件，工程构件的完整性很
大程度上取决于其承受 荷载的能力，工程构件通常包括建
筑，桥梁，飞机，船只和汽车。结构分析包含了力学和动力
学 领域以及许多失败的理论。从理论的角度出发，结构分析
的主要内容是结构变形，内力计算，和应力。在 实践中，结
构分析，可以更抽象地看作一种以推动工程设计过程中或证