源头英文英美概况试题范围

2021年1月20日发(作者：818什么意思)
名词解释：

1 .The Great Depression

2 Industrial Revolution

3 Melting Pot

4. Black Death

5. American Constitution

October 24
，
1929
，
the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper p
rofits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.



2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the cons
equences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19
th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revoluti
on in Britain first began in the textile industry.



3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups
，
it is also known as

a “melting pot，” meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have
mixed to make up the American nation.



4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague
，
an epidemi
c disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept
through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a r
esult of the plague
，
much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of
labor.

5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American gove
rnment and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the
world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism an
d introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.


。
1929
年
10
月
24
日
,
美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这导致了长期的经济萧条。
2
。
工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在
18
世纪末和
19
世纪初的英国。
英国是第一个工业化的国家。
工业革
命在英国首 先开始于纺织工业。

3
。因为美国是一个多民族的国家
,
它也被称 为“大熔炉”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。

4
。
黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病
,
病由鼠蚤传播流行。在
14
世纪传遍 欧洲。
它席卷英格兰在
1348
年的夏天没有警告。
它造成许多人死亡。由于 瘟疫
,
大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。

5
。美国的宪法是美 国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。
1787
年制定
,并于
1789
年生效。它
建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。


the Black Death
It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept thr
ough England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half an
d one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was s
hort. It caused far- reaching economic consequences.


这是致命的 黑死病在
14
世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告
,
任何治疗
,< br>和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的
人口。因此
,
大片土地无人照 管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。



Bloody Mary
Henry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic. Whe
n she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt

many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also remembered as
the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.


亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。
当她成为皇后
,
迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。
所以她被“血腥玛丽”的绰号。
玛 丽也记得
君主失去法国加来港。

.

the Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, w
hich is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan
——
the only one entirely
in the U.S.
——
Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada
and the United States except Lake Michigan.


五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必 略湖
,
是世界上最大的淡水湖
,
密歇根湖
,
唯一一个完全在 美国
,
休伦湖
,
伊利湖和安大略湖。
他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除 了密西根湖。

What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?

——
The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic an
d social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and
other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation.
In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and
social security.


“福利国家”

——政府的福利国家是一个 系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全
国保险税 和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务
(NHS),
国民保险和社会保障。



What are some of the characteristics of American education?
——
(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher e
ducation.
(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.
(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.
(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.

美国教育的特点是什么
?

——
(1)
在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。

(2)
公共教育是免费和义务的。

(3)
多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。

(4)
教育是美国的函数
,
而不是联邦政府。






What role does the community college play?
What functions does it perform?
What is it important in American higher education?
What is the guiding principle of such a college?
——
The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations in the
history of American higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated a
dults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as well as communit
y organizations.
It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA progra
m at a four-year institution. Second, it provides vocational training for people who are alr
eady working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to
higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adults who did not
learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recreational, cultu
ral activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academic skill. Fifth, i
t absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocation
al program.
The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the philosop
hy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of
individual differences.

社区学院发挥什么作用
?

它执行什么功能
?

美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗
?

一个大学的指导原则是什么
?

——社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的 创新之一
,
美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求
,
受过教育的成年人
,
本地业
务的员工
,
专业要求认证以及社区组织。

它执 行五个主要功能。首先
,
它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次
,
它为 那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工
作。
第三
,
它给补救教学高等学校 学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。
第四
,
它提供了 休闲、
文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五
,
它可以吸收学生四年计 划不合格看低职业计划。

社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实 现意味着平等机会平等
,
承认个体差异。


I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:

1.





The highest mountain in Britain is ____.

A. Scafel
l





























































B. Ben Nevis
（本尼维斯）

C. the Cotswold
s



















































D. the Forth

2. The longest river in Britain is _____.

A. the Clyd
e

























































B. the Mersey

C. the Severn
（塞汶
河）











































D.
the Thames

3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.

A. the Lough Neage
内伊
湖


































C. Coniston Wate
r






































D. the Lake District

4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?

A. Englan
d
















































B. Scotland

C. Wale
s




















































D.
Northem Ireland

5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.



A. Europe



























United States



C. Africa




























the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan

6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.

A. the Norman
s










































B. the Celts

C. the Iberians


伊比利
来


































the Anglo-Saxons







































B. the









D.




















D.
B. Windermere Water







7. British Recorded history began with _____.



A.
Roman invasio
n














































B. the Norman Conquest



C. the Viking and Danish invasion























D. the
Anglo-Saxons invasion

8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.



A. Joh
n





























































B. James I













C. Egbert
< br>埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王
(829
～
839)

D. Henry I

9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.



A. 105
6



























































B. 1066



C. 100
6



























































D. 1060

10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.



A. Windso
r





















































B. Tudor



C. Malcol
m





















































D. Plantagenet

11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.




A. Henry II
I



















































B. the Pope



C. Baron
s























































D. Simon de Montfort

12. The Hundred Years’
war stated in ____ and wa ended in ____, in which the English had los
t all the territories of France except the French port of ____.



A. 1337, 1453, Flander
s

































B. 1337, 1453, Calais



C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt





























D.
1346, 1453, Brest

13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.



A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor























B. 50, R
ichard III, Henry Tudor



C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor

























D. 50,
Richard I, Henry Tudor

14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.



A. England, 1
4















































B. England, 15



C. Italy, 1
4





















































D. Italy, 15

15. The English Civil War is also called _____.



A. the Glorious Revolutio
n































B. the Bloody Revolution



C. the Catholic Revolutio
n































D. the Puritan Revolution

16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first s
ettlers in the New Land.



A. 1620, Londo
n













































B. 1620, Plymouth



C. 1720, Londo
n













































D. 1720, Plymouth

17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the inve
ntion of machines.



A. the Industrial Revolutio
n





























B. the Bourgeois Revolution



C. the Wars of the Rose
s

































D. the Religious Reform
ation

18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.



A. Canad
a























































B. Australia



C. Indi
a



























































D. Newfoundland

19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:



A. Edward VII
I















































B. Edward VII



C. George V
I

















































D. George VII

20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.



A. 195
7

























































B. 1967



C. 197
3

























































D. 1979

21. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep
loss of its position of industrial leadership.



A. 190
0

























































B. the First World War



C. the Second World Wa
r































D. 1960

22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and
the highest _____ rate.



A. inflation, growt
h









































B. gro
wth, inflation



C. growth, divorc
e











































D.
growth, birth

23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.



A. the exhaustion of old mines

























B. c
ostly extraction



C. little money being invested



























D.
the labour shortage

24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.



A. developing countries



























B. other
Commonwealth countries



C. other developed countries

















D. EC

25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.



A. the Lord Chancello
r









































B. the
Queen



C. the Archbishop of Canterbur
y



























D. the Prime Minister

26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments
are elected.