水壶英文高考英语新讲练专题练习14 阅读理解1

2021年1月20日发(作者：苛性钠)
英语学习讲义

专题练习十四

A

(2019·
辽宁省阜新市高三模拟
)
You've
probably
visited
the
Tian'anmen
Gatetower
—
the
landmark
building of Beijing, but you may not have heard of Kuai Xiang. Along
with him, the following remarkable architects all took the center stage at
their times.
Kuai Xiang
(1398
—
1481)
Tian'anmen
Gatetower
is
universally
considered
the
brainchild
of
Kuai
Xiang.
By
following
in
the
footsteps
of
ancient
homebuilders,
he
successfully presented the Emperor Judy with a grand wooden structure
which has stood the test of time
for
almost 600
years.
Visitors
are
also
hooked on its delicate paintings.
Ieoh Ming Pei
(1917
—
2019)
His motto is
：
Traditions should be sealed in glass boxes at museums.
He
is
always
struggling
with
innovation.
Although
under
grilling
from
French
conservative
critics,
he
still
planted
a
glass
pyramid
into
the
courtyard
of
the
Louvre.
His
other
works
include
John
F
．
Kennedy
Library, Beijing Fragrant Hill Hotel and Suzhou Museum.
Zaha Hadid
(1950
—
2016)
In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture
Prize,
the
Nobel
Prize
for
architecture.
She
used
tricks
to
maximize
available space. Her fluid-
style works pioneer the concept of micro-
living.
The curves (
曲线
) of Guangzhou Opera House perfectly
match the rise
and fall of its surrounding buildings, forming a unique view.
Meng Fanchao
(1959
—
present)
Many
people
dismissed
the
building
of
a
mega
bridge
as
a
pipe
dream,
but
Meng
Fanchao
turned
this
into
reality
by
building
Hong
Kong-
Zhuhai-
Macao Bridge. This longest cross-
sea bridge, when viewed
afar, looks like a dynamic dragon braving the rolling waves of Lingding
Sea.
好好努力

梦想终会实现

1
英语学习讲义

本文是一篇说明文。介绍了四位杰出的建筑家
Kuai Xiang
、
Ieob
Ming Pei
、
Zaha Hadid
、
Meng Fanchao
以及他们的主要作品和成就。

1
．
What can we infer about Kuai Xiang?
A
．
He never follows traditions.
B
．
He lacks financial support.
C
．
He is a successful architect.
D
．
He likes delicate hooks.
答案：
C
解析：
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句
“
Tian'anmen Gatetower is
universally considered the brainchild of Kuai Xiang.
”
可知，天安门城楼
通常被认 为是蒯祥的智慧结晶，
这说明他是一个杰出的建筑家。
故
C
项正确。

2
．
What's Ieoh Ming Pei's attitude towards creation?
A
．
Positive.


C
．
Subjective.


答案：
A
解析：
推理判断题。根据第三段前两句
“
His motto is
：
Traditions
should be sealed in glass boxes at museums. He is always struggling with
innovation.
”
可知，
Ieoh Ming Pei< br>认为传统应该被封存在博物馆里的
玻璃盒子里，
而且他总是努力进行创新。
这说 明他对创造持积极的态
度。故
A
项正确。

3
．
What do Zaha Hadid and Meng Fanchao have in common?
A
．
They emphasize the use of space.
B
．
They set a remarkable record.
C
．
They like following others'opinions.
D
．
Their works meet with a boycott.
好好努力

梦想终会实现

2
B
．
Uncaring.
D
．
Disapproving.
英语学习讲义

答案：
B
解析：
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句
“
In
2004,
she
became
the
first
woman
to
win
the
Pritzker
Architecture
Prize,
the
Nobel
Prize
for
architecture.
”
可知，
Zaha
Hadid
成为第一个获得建筑界的诺贝尔奖
——
普利兹克建筑奖的女性建筑家，
她创造了一个 新的纪录；
根据最
后一段
“
This
longest
cross-
sea
bridge,
when
viewed
afar,
looks
like
a
dynamic
dragon
braving
the
rolling
waves
of
Lingding
Sea.
”
可知，
Meng
Fanchao
设计的港珠澳 大桥是世界上最长的跨海大桥，他也创
造了历史。
他们都在建筑历史上留下了杰出的作品，创造了新的纪录。
故
B
项正确。

B

(2019·

石家庄市高中毕业班模拟
)
Coca-
Cola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of
plastic packaging in 2017, announced Thursday it wants to
“
help fix the
world's plastic waste problem one community (
社区
) at a time
”．

The soda giant is doing so by providing $$5.4 million for recycling
programs
in
cities
like
Atlanta,
Boston,
Denver
and
Houston.
In
these
cities,
partners,
like
The
Green
Blue
Institute
and
The
Recycling
Partnership,
which
receive
the
money,
will
work
together
to
improve
recycling rates.
“
We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest
influence
on
communities
through
the
funding
and
expert
skills
of
Coca-
Cola employees
，”
Carlos Pagoagoa, Coca-
Cola's group director
of
community
partnerships,
said
in
a
statement.
“
In
each
city,
local
partners
will
work
together
to
identify
barriers
to
recycling
on
a
local
level and test a range of solutions
，”
he added.
“
We hope the learnings
from
these
‘
model
markets'
can
offer
solutions
to
other
cities
facing
similar challenges.
”

好好努力

梦想终会实现

3
英语学习讲义

As
part
of
the
effort,
The
Recycling
Partnership
and
the
city
of
Atlanta,
where
the
cola
company's
headquarters
are
based,
will
send
street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing
them what they can and can't recycle, and let them know how their efforts
work.
“
Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the US today
are lack of access, followed by pollution in recycling
，
”
Keefe Harrison,
CEO of The Recycling Partnership
, said in a statement. “We know from
the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that
communicating with them in the street works.”

Last year, Coca-
Cola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle
or can for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of
recycled materials to 50% by 2030. The brand also aims to make all its
packaging fully recyclable by 2025.
本文是一篇环 保类短文阅读。
文章主要讲述可口可乐公司将提高
产品包装材料的回收率，直至其所有包装完全 可回收。

1
．
What does Coca-
Cola company intend to do in the program?
A
．
Produce less packaging.
B
．
Help deal with plastic waste.
C
．
Pick up waste in communities.
D
．
Build a plant to recycle plastic waste.
答案：
B
解析：
细节理解题。
根据文章第一段“
Coca-
Cola, which reportedly
produced
more
than
3
million
tons
of
plastic
packaging
in
2017,
announced
Thursday
it
wants
to
‘
help
fix
the
world's
plastic
waste
problem one community (
社区
) at a time
’．”
可知，可口可乐 公司宣
布，计划帮助一个社区解决一次全球塑料垃圾问题。故选
B
。

2
．
What's Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A
．
How Coca-
Cola conducts its program.
好好努力

梦想终会实现

4
英语学习讲义

B
．
What organizations participate in the program.
C
．
How Coca-
Cola chooses cities for the program.
D
．
What the local people do in Coca-
Cola's program.
答案：
A
解析：
段落大意题。
根据文章第二段
“
The soda giant is doing so by
providing
$$5.4
million
for
recycling
programs
in
cities
like
Atlanta,
Boston,
Denver
and
Houston.
In
these
cities,
partners,
like
The
Green
Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money,
will work together to improve recycling rates.
”
(
可口可乐公司为亚特兰
大、波士顿、丹佛和休斯顿等城市的回收项目提供 资金，并与合作伙
伴共同努力来提高回收率
)
，从而可知，本段主要讲述可口可乐是如
何执行其计划的。故选
A
。

3
．
What do street teams do to help?
A
．
Sort out various waste in the city.
B
．
Look into the cause of pollution.
C
．
Instruct local people what to recycle.
D
．
Hand cards to the locals in person.
答案：
C
解析：
细节理解题。根据文章第四段．
..will send street teams out
to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they
can and can't recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.
”
(
街头
团队给市民留下卡片，告诉他们什么可 以回收，什么不能回收
)
，可
知，街头团队指导当地居民如何回收利用。故选
C
。

4
．
What does Keefe Harrison think of the program?
A
．
Promising.


C
．
Pioneering.

答案：
A
好好努力

梦想终会实现

5
B
．
Difficult.
D
．
Costly.
英语学习讲义

解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章第五段
“
We know from the success of
Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating
with them in the street works.
”
(
市 民们想要回收垃圾，
在街上与他们交
流是有效的
)
，可以推断出，
K eefe Harrison
认为此项目是有希望的。
故选
A
。

C

(2019·
山东省阶段检测联合考试
)
The
results
from
the
world's
largest
sleep
study
have
shown
that
people
who
sleep
on
average
between
7
to
8
hours
per
night
perform
better cognitively (
认知地
) than those who sleep less or more than this
amount.
The
world's
largest
sleep
study
was
launched
in
June
2018
and
within days more than 40,000 people from the world participated in the
online scientific investigation, which included an in-
depth questionnaire
and a series of cognitive performance activities.
“
We really wanted to capture the sleeping habits of people around
the entire globe. Obviously, there have been many smaller sleep studies
of people in laboratories but we wanted to find out what sleep is like in
the real world
，”
says Adrian Owen, western's researcher in Cognitive
Neuroscience
and
Imag
ing.
“People
who
logged
in
gave
us
a
lot
of
information
about
themselves.
We
had
a
fairly
extensive
questionnaire
and they told us things like which medications they were on, where they
were
in
the
world
and
what
kind
of
education
they'd
received
because
t
hese are all factors that might have contributed to some of the results.”

More
than
half
of
all
participants
reported
typically
sleeping
less
than 6.3 hours per night, about an hour less than the study's recommended
amount.
One
shocking
truth
was
that
most
participants
who
slept
four
hours or less performed as if they were almost nine years older.
Another
surprising
discovery
was
that
sleep
affected
all
adults
equally. The amount of sleep associated with highly functional cognitive
behavior
was
the
same
for
everyone,
regardless
of
age.
Also,
the
harm
好好努力

梦想终会实现

6
英语学习讲义

associated with too little, or too much sleep did not depend on the age of
the participants.
“
We
found
that
the
best
amount
of
sleep
to
keep
your
brain
performing its best is 7 to 8 hours every night. We also found that people
that slept more than that amount were equally harmed as those who slept
too
little
，”

says
Conor
Wild,
Owen
Lab
Research
Associate
and
the
study's lead author.
这是一篇说明文。
一项世界最大的睡眠 调查表明每晚睡眠时间在
七到八个小时的人，认知能力比睡眠时间小于这一数量的人更强。

1
．
Where did the study take place?
A
．
In a lab.


C
．
On TV
.


答案：
D
解析：
细节理解题。根据第二段
“
The world's largest sleep study
was
launched
in
June
2018
and
within
days
more
than
40,000
people
from the world participated in the online scientific investigatio n
，
”
可知，
来自世界各地的
4
万多人参与了这项网上科学 调查，
故可知研究是在
网上进行的，故选
D
。

2
．
What may affect the result of the study according to Owen?
A
．
Career.


C
．
Education.


答案：
C
解析：
细节理解题。第三段最后一句
“
We
had
a
fairly
extensive
questionnaire and they told us things like which medications they were on,
where they were in the world and what kind of education they'd received
because these are all factors that might have contributed to some of the
res ults.
”
可知，
Owen
认为参与调查的人服用了哪些药物，
在 世界上的
B
．
Diet.
D
．
Exercise.
B
．
In the street.
D
．
On the Internet.
好好努力

梦想终会实现

7
英语学习讲义

什么地方，接受了什么样的教育这些都是可能导致这些结果的因素。< br>选项中只有
C
项
Owen
提到了会影响研究结果，故选
C。

3
．
What's Wild's view?
A
．
Sleeping too much is as bad as sleeping too little.
B
．
People must sleep for eight hours every night.
C
．
Sleeping too little can make people look older.
D
．
People needn't pay attention to the amount of sleep.
答案：
A
解析：
细节理解题。最后一段第二句
“
We also found that people
that slept more than that amount were equally harmed as those who slept
too lit tle
，
”
可知，
Wild
认为睡眠太多和睡眠过少受到的伤害是一 样
的，故选
A
。

4
．
What can we learn from the text?
A
．
Owen and Wild are the first to study sleep.
B
．
Lack of enough sleep is a common problem.
C
．
All the people in the world show interest in the study.
D
．
There is no effective way to solve the sleep problem.
答案：
B
解析：
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句
“
More
than
half
of
all
participants
reported
typically
sleeping
less
than
6.3
hours
per
night,
about an hour less than the study's recommended amount.
”
可知，超过一
半的参与者表示，他们每晚 的睡眠时间通常少于
6.3
小时，比研究建
议的睡眠时间少一个小时左右。
即 睡眠不足是一个很普遍的问题。
故
选
B
。

D

(2019·
山东省济南市高三模拟
)
好好努力

梦想终会实现

8