carry是什么意思综合教程4Unit1-Unit4课文翻译

2021年1月20日发(作者：seeker)
Unit 1

Never Give In, Never, Never, Never
Winston Churchill


Almost
a
year
has
passed
since
I
came
down
here
at
your
Head
Master's
kind
invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing
some
of
our
own
songs.
The
ten
months
that
have
passed
have
seen
very
terrible
catastrophic
events
in
the
world
—
ups
and
downs,
misfortunes
—
but
can
anyone
sitting
here
this
afternoon,
this
October
afternoon,
not
feel
deeply
thankful
for
what
has
happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position
of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone,
desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We
are
not
so
poorly
armed
today;
but
then
we
were
very
poorly
armed.
We
had
the
unmeasured
menace
of
the
enemy
and
their
air
attack
still
beating
upon
us,
and
you
yourselves
had
had
experience
of
this
attack;
and
I
expect
you
are
beginning
to
feel
impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!


But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and
tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect
to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some
noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to
be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months
—
if it takes
years
—
they do it.


Another
lesson
I
think
we
may
take,
just
throwing
our
minds
back
to
our
meeting
here
ten
months
ago
and
now,
is
that
appearances
are
often
very
deceptive,
and
as
Kipling
well
says,
we
must

meet
with
Triumph
and
Disaster.
And
treat
those
two
impostors just the same.


You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes
things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those
people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many
more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry
this
far-reaching
imagination.
But
for
everyone,
surely,
what
we
have
gone
through
in
this period
—
I am addressing myself to the school
—
surely from this period of ten months
this
is
the
lesson:
never
give
in,
never
give
in,
never,
never,
never,
never
—
in
nothing,
great
or
small,
large
or
petty
—
never
give
in
except
to
convictions
of
honour
and
good
sense.
Never
yield
to
force;
never
yield
to
the
apparently
overwhelming
might
of
the
enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account
was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this
part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.


Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge
across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no
thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these islands,
though we
ourselves
never
doubted
it,
we
now
find
ourselves in
a
position where
I
say
that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.


You
sang
here
a
verse
of
a
school
song:
you
sang
that
extra
verse
written
in
my
honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today.
But
there
is
one
word
in
it
I
want
to
alter
—
I
wanted
to
do
so
last
year,
but
I
did
not
venture to. It is the line:


I have obtained the Head Master's permission to alter darker to sterner.
praise in sterner days.


Do not let us speak of darker days: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not
dark
days;
these
are
great
days
—
the
greatest
days
our
country
has
ever
lived;
and
we
must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to
play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race.

绝不屈服，绝不，绝不，绝不

温斯顿
·
丘吉尔

1


将近一年前，
应贵校校长盛情邀请，
我来到这里唱了几首我们自己的歌曲，
既为自己加
油， 也为一些朋友打气。过去的
10
个月中全世界发生了可怕的、灾难性的事件
——
盛衰浮
沉、厄运磨难
——
但是，今天下午，这个
10
月的下午，在 座有哪一位不会因为这段时间所
发生的一切，
因为我们家国境况的改善，
而心存感激呢 ？是的，
上次我来这里时我们还孤立
无援，形单影只，这种状况持续了五六个月。当时我们装备 简陋，现在有所改善，但那时真
是家徒四壁。
我们曾面临着敌人的巨大威胁，
而他们至 今对我们狂轰滥炸，
你们自己对于这
种袭击都有亲身感受；
我料想你们已经开始按捺不 住了，
因为这么长的一段时间里，
我们碌
碌无为，按兵不动。

2


但我们必须学会同样善于应付短暂而干脆与漫长而艰难的局面。人们普遍认为英国 人
最终总是会胜出的。
他们不指望关键时刻接踵而至；
他们不是一直期待每天都有决战 的重大
机会；不过一旦深思熟虑之后决意出手，即便需要经年累月，他们也矢志不渝。

3


回首
10
个月前我们在此地的相聚，对比现在，我 觉得我们可以汲取的另一个教训就是
，事物的表象常常是很有欺骗性的。吉卜林说得好：我们必须
“……
面对胜利和灾难，
以同样
的方式对待这两个骗子。
”

4


光看表象很难判断事物将何去何从。有时想象的情景比事实糟糕很多 ，但缺乏想象人
们会碌碌无为。
那些想象力丰富的人们也许预想的危险比现实多很多；
当然，
还会发生很多
危险；
然而他们也必须祈祷获得更多勇气来维持这样深远的想象。
当然，对每个人而言，我
们在这个阶段经历的一切
——
我正在对学校发表演讲
——
诚然这是我们从这
10
个月中得到
的教训：绝不屈服，绝不屈服 ，绝不，绝不，绝不，绝不
——
无论事务巨细
——
都绝不屈服
，除非你坚信屈服是光荣的明智之举。
绝不屈服于强权，
绝不屈服于貌似气势排山倒海的强< br>敌。一年前我们孤军作战，许多国家都以为我们被彻底打败了，我们完蛋了。我们所有的传
统，我 们的歌曲，我们的校史，我们国家的这部分历史，已经消逝、告终与完结。

5


今天的情绪大不相同。
其他国家认为英国输得一无所有了。
但恰恰相反，< br>我们的国家挺
身而出。没有退缩，
也丝毫没有屈服的念头；
我们发现以目前的处 境来看，
我们只要坚持下
去就一定能够征服敌人，
这一点在英伦三岛以外的人看来是一 个奇迹，
但我们从不怀疑这一
点。

6


你们 当时在此地吟唱了校歌中的一段，这一段是你们为了我而特地写的，我感到不胜
荣幸，而今天你们又再次 唱起那一段。不过我想改动其中一个词语，我去年就想这么做了，
但是没敢这么做。就是这一句歌词：< br>“
我们在更黑暗的日子里的赞美依然如故。
”

7


蒙校长应允，我现在可以把
“
更黑暗的
”
改成
“
更严峻的
”
。
“
我们在更严峻的日子里的赞
美依然如故。< br>”

8


让我们不用
“
更黑暗的岁月< br>”
这样的字眼：让我们用
“
更严峻的岁月
”
来代替。这不是黑 暗
的岁月；这是伟大的岁月
——
我们国家历史上最伟大的岁月；我们全都应该感谢上帝 ，因为
上帝允许我们每一个人根据自己不同的地位扮演一个角色，
让这些岁月成为我们民族历史 上
令人难忘的时刻。


Unit 2
Space Invaders
Richard Stengel
At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes
when
a
man
in
a
sweat-suit
started
inching
toward
me
in
his
eagerness
to
deposit
his
Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the
Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man
scribbling a check in front of her, who absentmindedly shuffled toward the white-haired
lady ahead of him, until we were all hugger- mugger against each other, the original lazy
line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.
I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot to
each
side,
and
about
ten
inches
in
back
—

though
it
is
nearly
impossible
to
measure
exactly
how
far
behind
you
someone
is
standing.
The
phrase
spacehas
a
quaint,
seventies ring to it (gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human
beings.
Like
the
twelve-mile
limit
around
our
national
shores,
personal
space
is
our
individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.
Lately,
I've
found
that
my
personal
space
is
being
invaded
more
than
ever
before.
In
elevators,
people
are
wedging
themselves
in
just
before
the
doors
close;
on
the
street,
pedestrians are zigzagging through the human traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way;
on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out little zones of space between
themselves
and
fellow-passengers; in
lines
at
airports,
people
are
pressing forward
like
fidgety taxis at red lights.
At first, I attributed this tendency to the explosionand the relentless Malthusian logic
that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has
half as much space. Recently, I've wondered if it's the season: T-shirt weather can make
proximity more alluring (or much, much less). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars
in Manhattan
—
the number seems to double every three months
—
is infusing so much
caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.
Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space
in private. (Humanity wouldn't exist without them.) The logistics of it vary according to
geography. People who live in Calcutta have less personal space than folks in Colorado.
would
wager
that
people
in
the
Northern
Hemisphere
have
roomier
conceptions
of
personal space than those in the Southern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like
trespassing,
whereas
to
a
Brazilian,
anything
less
than
a
hug
may
come
across
as
chilliness.
Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and don't leave a note, people no
longer mutter
mewhen they
bump into
you.
The decline
of manners
has
been
widely
lamented. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes,
granting people their private domain.
I've
also
noticed
an
increase
in
the
ranks
of
what
I
think
of
as
space
invaders,
mini- territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. In
movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the
elbow room, while at coffee shops and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely
commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.
Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space
outside
us
than
with
our
inner
space.
I
suspect
that
the
shrinking
of
personal
space
is
directly
proportional
to
the
expansion
of
self-absorption:
people
whose
attention
is
inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science these days is micro, not
macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while
neuroscientists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the flight of neurons in our
brains.
In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly's wings in Japan may eventually produce
a
tidal
wave
in
California,
I
have
decided
to
expand
the
contracting
boundaries
of
personal space. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the
person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me starts breathing down
my neck.
空间入侵者

理查德·斯坦格尔

1
几天前 ，
我去银行排队，
队伍沿着松松垮垮的天鹅绒围栏蜿蜒前伸，
这时一位身穿运动套装的男子急不可耐地从我后头向前挪步，
想尽早办理社会保险支票存储业务。
当他这么做的
时候，我只好谨小慎微地向排在我前面阅读《华尔街日报》的女士挪动步子。她略有不快，
于是 侧身向她前面那位正在涂写一张支票的男士走去，
而这位男士则漫不经心地拖着脚走向
他前面的 银发老太。
这样我们的队伍就变得七歪八扭，
原来慵懒的队伍活脱脱变成了个
“机灵鬼”
1
。

2
我估计我个人空间的范围身前有
18
英寸，身后
10
英寸，两侧各
1
英尺——尽管要估算
某人站 在你身后多远几乎是不可能的。“个人空间”这个词组带有一种古雅的、
70
年代的
味 道
(
“老兄，你侵犯了我的空间”
)
，但这是一个能让全人类一下子明白过来 的令人满意的
词组之一。就像我们国家拥有
12
海里领海权一样，个人空间就是我们的 边界，只要有陌生
人穿过这个边界，就会使我们感到不安。

3
最近，我发现我的个人空间比以往任何时候所遭受的侵犯都更加厉害。
电梯里，
人们抢在
关门之前拼命挤进来；马路上，行人奋勇向前，在人流中穿梭，推推搡搡，拒不让路；地铁
中，乘客不再 刻意在自己和别人之间留出狭小空间；在机场队伍中，人们拼命向前压上，就
像等待红灯时烦躁不安的出 租车一样。

4
最开始我把这种趋势归结于“人口爆炸”以及无情的马尔萨斯理论。 该理论认为，如果
现在居住在地球上的人口比
20
年前多一倍，每个人得到的空间就缩 小一半。近来，我怀疑
是不是季节的原因：
穿着
T
恤衫的天气使彼此靠近更具 吸引力
(
抑或使吸引力大大减少
)
。
或
许是因为曼哈顿咖啡 厅的激增——数量每
3
个月翻一番——将如此多的咖啡因注入原来就
已经烦躁不安的当 地人体内，使他们更加难以离群索居。

5
个人空间基本上是个公众场合的问题；< br>私下里，
我们允许对个人空间进行各种各样的侵犯
。
(
没有这些“侵犯 ”，人类不可能存在。
)
如何界定个人空间的大小因地而异。住在加尔各
答的人比科罗 拉多的人个人空间要来得少。
“别踩我”
这句话只可能是由拥有大牧场的人杜
撰发明的 。
我敢担保北半球的居民比南半球的个人空间的概念要宽大。
对英国人来说，
握个手简直就是擅闯禁地，而对巴西人来说，不给你来个拥抱就会给人一种冷若冰霜的感觉。


6
就像司机撞上你停着的空车连个条子也不留，人们撞上人再也不说声“对不起”。世风日下，哀声遍野。在我看来，礼貌就是给别人以空间，不冒犯他人，允许别人有隐私。


7
我还注意到，
那些我所认为的空间入侵者们的规模在不断扩大，
这些小小 的领土扩张主义
者们带着舍我其谁的架势堂而皇之地侵占着公共空间。
这些日子，
在影 剧院中，
人们霸占着
两边的扶手，
吞并手肘的全部空间；
在咖啡厅里和长岛的 铁路上，
往往一个人就占领了面对
面的火车座，而这种座位本来是给
4
位顾客 或乘客的。

8
归根结底，个人空间是个心理上的问题，而非物理上的问题：与其说 它与我们的外部空
间相关，
不如说它与人的内心空间相关。
我怀疑个人空间的缩水直接 与自我专注的扩大成比
例：
那些只关注自我的人根本不屑于关注外部世界。
这些日子，
甚至科学研究都聚焦于微观
世界而非宏观领域。
人类基因组工程正力图绘制基因代码的 全貌，
神经科学家们正使用加强
型磁共振成像机捕捉脑神经元的飞速漫游。