dtop考研英语长难句翻译

2021年1月20日发(作者：土耳其语翻译)
难句分析与翻译

注
:
语法纲要是依据李阳疯狂英语
<<< br>突破语法
>>
写成
,
难句分析依据考试虫
<<
阅读基 本
功
,
难句过关
>>
写成
.
掌握基本语法对阅读 、听力、写作都有很大的帮助。此文目的之一在于巩固语法
,
请自行
分析
.


一、

定语从句


英语中的定语既可前置亦可后置。


1
、

President
Kennedy
wanted
people
who
raised
questions,who
criticized,on
whose
judgment
he
could
rely,who
presented
an
intelligent
point
of
view,regardless
of
their
rank or viewpoint.
分析：本句中四个“
who
”定语从句并列，共同修饰中心词 “
people
”
。

翻译：肯尼迪总统需要提问的人、能提批评意 见的人，做出可靠判断的人以及能提出明
智看法的人，而不问他们的级别和观点。


2
、

Thus,to
rectify
the
positions
taken
previously,where
we
contented
ourselves
with
condemnations,in my delegation
’
s opinion,we must find an overall solution which would
come to grips with both substance as well as the superficial aspects which,after all,serve
only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council
’
s agends.
分析
:
本句中三个定语，尤其要注意第三个，只修饰
superficial
aspects
，根据上下文有
因果关系。

Recitify
纠正

Condemnation
谴责

Substance
本质

翻译：因此，我们代表团认为，要纠正我们过去 采取的只是满足于进行谴责的那种立
场，我们必须寻求一个全面的解决方案，既能解决本质方面的问题， 又能解决表面的味儿
难题，因为只解决表面的问题毕竟只能迫使我们一次又一次地把这个问题列入安理会 的议
程。


3
、

We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with
the chemical change in
matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.
分析：本句中第一个词指代

science
，第二个词指代
chemical change
翻译：< br>我们可以说，
化学是论述物质化学变化的科学，
通过化学变化可能获得新的物质。


4
、

But
it
is
clear
from
countries
where
women
have
smoked
longest,such
as
the
United
Kingdom
and
the
United
States,that
smoking
cause
the
same
dissease
in
women
as
in
men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing.
分析：
where
引导一个定语从句，修饰
countries
翻译：但是有一点是无可质疑的，即从女性吸烟史最长的国家，如英国美国来看，吸烟
能使女性换上和男 性同样的病，而且两者的死亡率正在接近。



1
5
、

Work
is
therefore
desirable,first
and
foremost,as
a
preventive
of
boredom,for
the
boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as
noting in comparision with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his
days.
分析：
that
引导定语从句，
preventive
：预防

翻译：因此，工作是人所需要的，首先，工作可以预防无聊，因为一个人在做尽管无趣
却必 要做的工作时所感到的厌烦与终日无所事事所感到的无聊是无法比拟的。


6
、

He
finds
that
students
who
were
easy
to
teach,because
they
succeeded
in
putting
everything
they
had
been
taught
into
practice,hesitate
when
confronted
with
the
vast
untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic
textbooks.
分析：本句的主干结构为
students hesitate,
其中
which
用来修饰
students


Hesitate
：犹豫



Scope
：范围

翻译：
他发现原先比较容易教的学生现在踌躇不 前了：
原先比较容易教的是因为他们能
把教给他们所有东西付诸实践；
现在踌躇是因为 他们面对着大量的在基础教科书上所没
有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。



二、

倒装句


1
、

Along with them goes social mobility,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor
in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteeth century.
分析：这是一个完全倒装句，主语是
social mobility
…
century,
谓语动词
goes.
翻译： 伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性，人们强烈地希望在城市里发展，这是
19
世纪
欧洲出 生率下降的主要因素。


2
、

For example,they do not compensate for gross social in equality,and thus do not tell how
able
an
underprivileged
youngster
might
have
been
had
he
grown
up
under
more
favorable circumstances.
分析：句中
had grown up,
是省略
if
的虚拟倒装句。
Underprivileged
：贫困的

翻译：例如，它们并不弥补明显 的社会不公；因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年
轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长，会有多大的才干 。


3
、

Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been
possible to modify TV programming policies.
分析：
only
是加强语气位于句首，主谓语倒装。

翻译：
只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后，
电视节目审查政策才有
可能改变。< br>
4
、

Lovely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the divorce.
分析：这是完全倒装，所谓完全倒装谓语动词全部位于主句前。本句中，
Was
是谓语。

翻译：他只是觉得离婚后每周只能看女儿两次让他感到孤独。



2
5
、

Only now you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want
you to know that life without you is very,very difficult.
翻译：唯在此刻，当你已离我们远去，我们才真正地明白 我们现在失去了什么。我们想
让你知道，没有你，生活是非常非常困难的。


6
、

In no country other than Britain,it has been said,can one experience four seasons in the
course of a single day.
翻译：据说，除了英国之外，任何国家一天之内也经历不了
4
个季节。


7
、

So great was the honoyr that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his
victory.
分析：以
so+
形容词开头后接
that
从句须用部分倒装

翻译：竞走的获胜者得此虚荣，以致他获胜那年就以它的名字命名。


8
、

Of primary interest in business and techical research reports is the validity of the results
as the bases for company decision.
分析：
the validity
…
is of primary interest
…
是原句顺序。

翻译：
作为公司决策的依据，< br>研究结果的可靠性在商业和技术方面的研究报告中受到关
注。


三、

分割结构

1
、

Such
a
viewpoint,particularly
prominet
in
the
developing
contries,is
reinforced
by
the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is
endangering the survival of mankind.
分析：形容词短语
particularly
…
将主谓语分开。







Prominent
：显著，突出







Reinforced
：加强







Widely-held:
广泛持有

翻译 ：这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强，即并
非和平利用核能正危害着人 类的生存。


2
、

Whether
to
use
tests,other
kinds
of
information,or
both
in
a
particular
situation
depends,therefor,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity
and upon such factors as cost and availability.
分析：
therefore
将句子割裂，翻译时提前。

翻译：因此 ，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是在某种特定情况下两者并
用，须凭从有关相对效度的经验中 得出的证据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无采用
的可能性等因素。


3
、

The main burden of assuring the resource of the government are well managed falls
on relatively few of the five million men and women whom it employs.

分析：主语
the main burden
和谓语
falls
被分割


翻译：确保政府 的资源得到妥善管路的主要负担落在了
500
万男女雇员中寥寥无几的
少数人身上。< br>

3

4
、

But,for a small group of students,professinal training might be the way to go since
well-developed
skills,all
other
factors
being
equal,can
be
the
difference
between
having a job and not.
分析：
all other factors being equal
将主谓分割

翻译：但是，对于一小部分学生来说，职业培训也许是他们应 走的路，因为在其他
条件都相同的条件下，能否找到工作取决于是否熟练地掌握了技术。


5
、

Every particle has acting on it force which urges it downward.
分析：此句中
acting on it
将句子分割

翻译：每个粒子都有一个驱使它下降的力作用于它。


四、

省略

1
、

Actually we
know of
no
type
of
astronomical
body
in which
the
conditions
can
be
favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.
分析：
like our own
后面省略了
planet
翻译： 事实上，除了像地球这样围绕太阳旋转的行星以外，我们不知道是否在其他
类型的天体上也有适合生命存 在的条件。


2
、

Face with considerations such as these,the government of a developed country may
well prefer to see a slowy increaseing population,rather than one which is stable or
in the decrease.
翻译：出于这些考虑，发达 国家的政府比较愿意人口缓慢地增长而不是人口的稳定
或下降。


3
、

The largest known raindrops are slightly less than a quarter-inch across or would be
if they were perfertly round.
翻译：已知最大的雨 点，直径略小于四分之一英寸，如果非常圆的话，就会达到四
分之一英寸。


4
、

Anything
from
cosmic
rays
to
radiation
to
diet
may
activeate
a
dormant
oncogene,but how remains unknow.
Dormant
：潜伏

Oncogene:
致癌基因
< br>翻译：任何东西，从宇宙射线到辐射直至日常饮食，都可能激活潜伏的致癌基因，
但如何激活的， 仍然不得而知。


5
、
I could accept this fact with calmness because I know that if I wasnot able to avoid a
mistake,chances were that no other surgeon could have,either.



分析：
have
后面省略了
been able to avoid a mistake
翻译：我可以冷静地接受这个事实，因为我知道，如果我不能避免出错，其他外科大< br>夫也难免出错。


6
、

In
1865
the Civil
War,finally
came
to
end,but
not
before
hundreds
of
thousands
of

4
men had died.
翻译：
1865
年，美国的南北战争终于结束了，然而这场战争是在千千万万的人战死
之后停止的。


7
、

To get a description of direction along the line we shall call the line on one side of the
origin positive,on the other side negative.
翻译：为了描述一条 直线的方向，我们把位于原点一侧的直线叫正，而把位于原点
另一侧的直线叫负。


五、

并列平行结构

1
、

History is made up of facts,but also of opinions;it is not only what actually happened,but
also what people who know what happened think about past events.
分析：历史是由事实组成的，也是由观点组成的。它不仅仅是 实际上发生的事件，同时
也是已发生事件的知情人对该事件的看法。


2
、

If the very originators of the inventions and discoveries no longer claim them,and if even
their memory of them has faded,why should their inheritors trouble to resurrect
their
lost claims?
分析：
resurrect
：使复活

翻译：
如果这些发明 好和发现的原创者自己都不主张自己的首创权利，
甚至连自己对这
些发明和发现的记忆都淡漠了 ，
他们的继承者为什么还要煞费苦心地收回他们失去的首
创权呢？


3
、

Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental
units and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to inscrease his skill
at playing the odds in games of chance.
分析：
odds
：机会，成功的可能性

gambling
：赌博

翻译：
统计学有一个致力于给政府机构做 有序记录的母亲和一个具有绅士风度的依靠数
学提高赌博技巧的父亲。


4
、

In
fact,privatization
has
not
only
rescued
individual
industries
and
a
whole
economy
headed for disaster,but has also raised the level of performance in every area.
分析：
句中
individual industrues
和

a whole econnomy
并列地做
rescued
的宾语，
headed
for diaster
做
a whole econnomy
的宾语

翻译：事实上，私有化不仅挽救了各个行业和濒临毁灭的整 个经济，而且还提高了各个
方面啊的运营水平。


5
、

The
standardized
educational
or
psychological
tests
that
are
widely
used
to
aid
in
selecting,classifying,assigning,or
promoting
students,employees,and
military
personnel
have
been
the
target
of
recent
attacts
in
books,magazines,the
daily
press,and
even
in
Congress.
翻译 ：广泛用来对学生、雇员和军事人员进行选拨、分类、分配任务或提拔的教育或心
理方面的标准测试，最 近受到了书报杂志甚至国会的抨击。



5