importing英语二真题及答案

2021年1月20日发(作者：1磅)
2010
年考研英语真题二

Directions:


Read
the
following
passage.
For
each
numbered
blank
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009.
It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The
heightened
alert
_____2_____an
emergency
meeting
with
flu
experts
in
Geneva
that
convened
after
a
sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.
But
the
epidemic
is

in
severity,
according
to
Margaret
Chan,
the
organization's
director
general,
_____5_____
the
overwhelming
majority
of
patients
experiencing
only
mild
symptoms
and
a
full
recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.


The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually
large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at
the
height
of
a
panic,
cases
began
to
_____9_____in
New
York
City,
the
southwestern
United
States
and
around the world.



In
the
United
States,
new
cases
seemed
to
fade_____10_____warmer
weather
arrived.
But
in
late
September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually
all
the_____12_____tested
are
the
new
swine
flu,
also
known
as
(A)
H1N1,
not
seasonal
flu.
In
the
U.S.,
it
has_____13_____more
than
one
million
people,
and
caused
more
than
600
deaths
and
more
than
6,000
hospitalizations.

Federal
health
officials_____14_____Tamiflu
for
children
from
the
national
stockpile
and
began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different
from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be
made
available
in
early
October
2009,
though
most
of
those
_____17_____doses
were
of
the
FluMist
nasal
spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,
heart
disease
or
several
other
_____19_____.
But
it
was
still
possible
to
vaccinate
people
in
other
high-risk
group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.
1 [A] criticized


[B] appointed


[C]commented

[D] designated
2 [A] proceeded

[B] activated


[C] followed


[D] prompted

3 [A] digits



[B] numbers


[C] amounts


[D] sums
4 [A] moderate

[B] normal


[C] unusual



[D] extreme
5 [A] with











[B] in














[C] from



[D] by
6 [A] progress

[B] absence



[C] presence


[D] favor
7 [A] reality


[B] phenomenon


[C] concept



[D] notice
8. [A]over


[B] for




[C] among



[D] to

9 [A] stay up


[B] crop up




[C] fill up




[D] cover up
10 [A] as


[B] if





[C] unless



[D] until
11 [A] excessive


[B] enormous


[C] significant


[D]magnificent

12 [A]categories


[B] examples


[C] patterns





[D] samples
13 [A] imparted


[B] immerse


[C] injected


[D] infected
14 [A] released


[B] relayed



[C] relieved


[D] remained
15 [A] placing







[B] delivering


[C] taking


[D] giving
16 [A] feasible

[B] available





[C] reliable


[D] applicable
17 [A] prevalent

[B] principal


[C] innovative

[D] initial
18 [A] presented


[B] restricted


[C] recommended
[D] introduced
19 [A] problems


[B] issues



[C] agonies


[D] sufferings
20 [A] involved in

[B] caring for




[C] concerned with
[D] warding off

Section
Ⅱ
Reading comprehension


Part A


Directions:


Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text1


The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works
by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”
，
at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All
but two pieces sold, fetching more than
￡
70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As
the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for
bankruptcy.


The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.
At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $$65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a
research firm
—
double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $$50 billion. But the
market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed,
passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.



In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable,
especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the
financial
demise
of
many
art-buying
investors.
In
the
art
world
that
meant
collectors
stayed
away
from
galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector
—
for
Chinese contemporary art
—
they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the
world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $$200m in guarantees to
clients who had placed works for sale with them.



The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at
the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War.
This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been
far more fluctuant
. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the
bottom.
”



What
makes
this
slump
different
from
the
last,
he
says,
is
that
there
are
still
buyers
in
the
market,
whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors
wanted
to
sell.
Christie’s
revenues
in
the
first
half
of
2009
were
still
higher
than
in
the
first
half

of
2006.
Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is
not
a
lack
of
demand but a
lack
of
good work
to
sell.
The
three
Ds
—
death,
debt
and divorce
—
still
deliver
works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to
return.


the first paragraph, Damien
Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”
because ____.


A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories


B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids


C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces


D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis


saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line
1-2,Para.3)
，
the author suggests
that_____.



A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions


B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries


C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying


23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?


A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.


B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.


C. The market generally went downward in various ways.


D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.










24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____
A. auction houses ' favorites
B. contemporary trends
C. factors promoting artwork circulation
D. styles representing impressionists
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___
A. Fluctuation of Art Prices
B. Up-to-date Art Auctions
C. Art Market in Decline
D. Shifted Interest in Arts
Text2


I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room
—
a women's group that had invited
men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas
and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented
that
women
frequently
complain
that
their
husbands
don't
talk
to
them.
This
man
quickly
nodded
in
agreement.
He
gestured
toward
his
wife
and
said,

the
talker
in
our
family.
The
room
burst
into
laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt.
nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence.


This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public
situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.



The pattern was observed by political scientist
Andrew Hacker in the late
1970s. Sociologist Catherine
Kohler Riessman reports in her new book
—
but only a
few of the men
—
gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of
nearly 50 percent
，
that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year
—
a virtual epidemic of
failed conversation.


In
my
own
research
complaints
from
women
about
their
husbands
most
often
focused
not
on
tangible
inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more
than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead
they
focused
on
communication:

doesn't
listen
to
me.

doesn't
talk
to
me.
I
found
as
Hacker
observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners
but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.



In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting
at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it,
wanting to talk.



26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?


A. Talking to them.



B. Trusting them.


C. Supporting their careers.


D. Sharing housework.


27. Judging from the context, the
phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___
.


A. generating motivation.


B. exerting influence


C. causing damage


D. creating pressure


28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______


A. men tend to talk more in public than women


B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation


C. women attach much importance to communication between couples


D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse




















29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.
B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.
C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.

D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.

30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus

on ______
A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker
Text 3


Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors
—
habits
—

among
consumers.
These habits
have helped
companies
earn
billions
of
dollars when
customers
eat
snacks,
apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily
cues.


“There
are
fundamental
public
health
problems,
like
dirty
hands
instead
of
a
soap
habit,
that
remain
killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn
from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.
”



The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to
—
Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever
—
had
invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corpo
rations could use
to introduce new routines.
If
you
look
hard
enough,
you’ll
find
that
many
of
the
products
we
use
every
day
—

chewing
gums,
skin
moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth
whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins
—
are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly
brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns,
many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate,
Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started
bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.
Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener
and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin
moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,
slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.


“Our
products
succeed
when
they
become
part
of
daily
or
weekly
patterns,”
said
Carol
Berning,
a
consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $$76 billion of Tide,
Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives,
and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable
.
”



Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power
in
tying
certain
behaviors
to
habitual
cues
through
relentless
advertising.
As
this
new
science
of
habit
has
emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or
unhealthy foods.


31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.


[A] should be further cultivated


[B] should be changed gradually


[C] are deeply rooted in history


[D] are basically private concerns


32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____


[A] reveal their impact on people’
s habits


[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities


[C]
indicate their effect on people’
s buying power