大的英文高中英语长难句分析

2021年1月20日发(作者：大包干)
长难句分析

一、长难句的分类



1
、带有较多成分的简单句。如：

Having
chosen
family
television
programs
and
women’s
magazines
，
the toothpaste marketer
，
for instance
，
must select the exact
television
programs
and
stations
as
well
as
the
specific
women’s
magazines to be used.


2
、含有多个简单句的并列句。如：

In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale
，
had a wonderful wife and
five beautiful children
，
but he was terribly unhappy.



Discrimination(
歧视
)
isn’t
their
only
concern
；
almost
everyone
testing
positive
for
the
Huntington’s
gene(
基
因
)
develops
symptoms(
症状
) during middle age
，

and doctors can do nothing to
help.



3
、含有多个从句的复合句。如：

I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population
grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(
不能再生的
)
resources
，
our children may have to lead poorer lives.
However
，
those of us who are parents of children in this age group
know
that
such
offers
are
relatively
rare
and
that
many
liberal-arts
students(
文科生
) graduate with the belief that the prospective(
预期的
)
workplace may not have a place for them.



4
、含有多个插入成分的句子。如：

His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently
（
无知地）

enough
when, as chairman of Computer Associates International
，
a software
company
，
he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their
new electronic- mail system.

5
、并列复合句。如：

I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse
，
but
I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not
，
change
was unavoidable.
They
also
found
that
the
bus
conductor
had
a
major
role
in
preventing vandalism
（故意破坏行为）
，
and at the times he went up
the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares
，
vandalism did not often

1
occur.





二、长难句分析步骤



1
、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。



2< br>、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语
补足语（如有的话）
；然后确 定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主
语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）
。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本
吻合。如意义出入较大， 文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考
虑重新进行句子结构分析。


3
、
如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干
个分句；接着按照简 单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和
句意；然后将全句综合考虑。



4
、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应
特别注意连词省略现象和 多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照
简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从< br>句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑
全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的 判断是否准确。



三、长难句分析的注意事项



在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：



1
、是否有同位语和插入语。



2
、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。



3
、替代词的所指对象。



4
、判断并列成分的层次。



5
、句首的并列 连词
and
、
or
、
but
、
for
通常 起承上启下的作
用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。



6
、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。



7
、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带
着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状 语从句或宾语从句时的结构分
析。


8
、在有多个从句的复合句和 并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或
从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。



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